{ScnGdn} Heterometallic Rings: Tunable Ring Topology for Spin-Wave Excitations.

Data carriers using spin waves in spintronic and magnonic logic devices offer operation at low power consumption and free of Joule heating yet requiring noncollinear spin structures of small sizes. Heterometallic rings can provide such an opportunity due to the controlled spin-wave transmission within such a confined space. Here, we present a series of {ScnGdn} (n = 4, 6, 8) heterometallic rings, which are the first Sc-Ln clusters to date, with tunable magnetic interactions for spin-wave excitations. By means of time- and temperature-dependent spin dynamics simulations, we are able to predict distinct spin-wave excitations at finite temperatures for Sc4Gd4, Sc6Gd6, and Sc8Gd8. Such a new model is previously unexploited, especially due to the interplay of antiferromagnetic exchange, dipole-dipole interaction, and ring topology at low temperatures, rendering the importance of the latter to spin-wave excitations.

Noninvasive Human-Computer Interface Methods and Applications for Robotic Control: Past, Current, and Future.

The purpose of this study is to explore the noninvasive human-computer interaction methods that have been widely used in various fields, especially in the field of robot control. To have a deep understanding of the development of the methods, this paper employs "Mapping Knowledge Domains" (MKDs) to find research hotspots in the area to show the future potential development. Through the literature review, this paper found that there was a paradigm shift in the research of noninvasive BCI technologies for robotic control, which has occurred from early 2010 since the rapid development of machine learning, deep learning, and sensory technologies. This study further provides a trend analysis that the combination of data-driven methods with optimized algorithms and human-sensory-driven methods will be the key areas for the future noninvasive method development in robotic control. Based on the above findings, the paper provides a potential developing way of noninvasive HCI methods for related areas including health care, robotic system, and media.

A giant spin molecule with ninety-six parallel unpaired electrons.

Unpaired electrons which are essential for organic radicals and magnetic materials are hardly to align parallel, especially upon the increasing of spin numbers. Here, we show that the antiferromagnetic interaction in the largest Cr(III)-RE (rare earth) cluster {Cr10RE18} leads to 96 parallel electrons, forming a ground spin state S T of 48 for RE = Gd. This is so far the third largest ground spin state achieved in one molecule. Moreover, by using the classical Monte Carlo simulation, the exchange coupling constants J i j can be determined. Spin dynamics simulation reveals that the strong Zeeman effects of 18 Gd(III) ions stabilize the ground ferrimagnetic state and hinder the magnetization reversals of these spins. In addition, the dysprosium(III) analog is an exchange-biasing single-molecule magnet. We believe that the ferrimagnetic approach and analytical protocol established in this work can be applied generally in constructing and analyzing giant spin molecules.