ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A reliable large animal model of benign biliary stricture (BBS) is essential to study endoscopic management of BBS. The aim of this study was to establish a swine BBS model of endobiliary electrothermal injury with a diathermic sheath and screen out the optimal energy dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve swine were equally randomized into a low (20 W), a medium (30 W), and a high (40 W)-dose group. Endobiliary electrothermal injury was applied to the common bile duct using a diathermic sheath at different energy doses for 20 seconds via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Cholangiographic findings and liver function were evaluated weekly after thermal injury. Two animals from each group were sacrificed at 2 weeks and the other 2 sacrificed 4 weeks after thermal injury for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS: BBS was established successfully in 10 of the 12 animals. Two of the 4 animals in low-dose group did not produce biliary stricture at 4 weeks; in medium-dose group, BBS was induced in both animals at 2 weeks without causing severe complications; and in high-dose group, BBS was produced in 4 animals at 2 weeks, causing perforation and abdominal abscess formation in 1 animal. CONCLUSIONS: A safe and reproducible swine model of BBS could be established successfully by applying endobiliary electrothermal injury with a diathermic sheath at 30 W for 20 seconds.
Subject(s)
Cholestasis , Animals , Cholangiography , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholestasis/etiology , Constriction, Pathologic , Disease Models, Animal , SwineABSTRACT
PROBLEM: We aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of vitamin D on peripheral blood cellular immune response in patients with recurrent miscarriage (RM). METHOD OF STUDY: The effect of vitamin D on the number of peripheral blood cells, T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, and NK cytotoxicity was measured in 99 women with RM. RESULTS: The percentage of CD19+ B cells and NK cytotoxicity at an effector-to-target cell (E:T) ratio of 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1 were significantly higher in the vitamin D insufficiency group (VDI) than in the vitamin D normal group (VDN) (P<.05 each). The proportion of TNF-α-expressing Th cells was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group (VDD) than in VDN (P<.05). However, there were no significant differences between VDI and VDD. This dysregulation was significantly reduced with 1,25(OH)2 D supplementation. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the abnormalities of cellular immune response were observed in RM patients with a low vitamin D level, which could be regulated to some extent with 1,25(OH)2 D supplementation.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Habitual/immunology , Calcitriol/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Vitamin D Deficiency/immunology , Abortion, Habitual/diet therapy , Abortion, Habitual/genetics , Abortion, Habitual/pathology , Administration, Oral , Adult , B-Lymphocytes/drug effects , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , B-Lymphocytes/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Interferon-gamma/genetics , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Killer Cells, Natural/pathology , Pregnancy , Th1 Cells/drug effects , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th1 Cells/pathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , Vitamin D Deficiency/diet therapy , Vitamin D Deficiency/genetics , Vitamin D Deficiency/pathologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of quarter zona-pellucida (ZP) opening by laser-assisted hatching (QLAH) on the clinical outcomes following transfer of vitrified-warmed blastocysts developed from low-grade cleavage-stage embryos in patients with all high-grade and fair-grade cleavage-stage embryos transferred without achieving pregnancy. Patients were randomized into two groups: QLAH (n=101) and control (n=102). The implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the QLAH group compared with the control group (P=0.021 and P=0.034, respectively). The live birth rate of the QLAH group was also higher, although not significantly. When the clinical outcomes according to the day of blastocyst vitrification were compared between the groups, the implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates of the QLAH group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control group for day 6 blastocysts, but not for day 5 or day 5/day 6 blastocysts. These results suggest that QLAH improves the clinical outcomes of vitrified-warmed blastocysts, especially of day 6 vitrified blastocysts, developed from low-grade cleavage-stage embryos.
