ABSTRACT
Palladium films hold signicance due to their remarkable affinity for hydrogen diffusion, rendering them valauble for the seperation and purification of hydrogen in membrane reactors. However, palladium is expensive, and its films can become brittle after only a few cycles of hydrogen separation. Alloying with silver has been shown to overcome the problem of palladium embrittlement. Palladium-silver films have been produced via several methods but all have drawbacks, such as difficulties controlling the alloy composition. This study explores two promising jet printing methods: Inkjet and Aerosoljet. Both methods offer potential advantages such as direct patterning, which reduces waste, enables thin film production, and allows for the control of alloy composition. For the first time, palladium-silver alloys have been produced via inkjet printing using a palladium-silver metal organic decomposition (MOD) ink, which alloys at a temperature of 300 °C with nitrogen. Similarly, this study also demonstrates a pioneering approach for Aerosol Jet printing, showing the potential of a novel room-temperature method, for the deposition of palladium-silver MOD inks. This low temperature approach is considered an important development as palladium-silver MOD inks are originally designed for deposition on heated substrates.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of miR-640-SLIT1 axis and the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway on radiosensitivity of glioma cells. Methods: Relative expressions of miR-640 and slit guidance ligand 1 (SLIT1) in glioma tissues and glioma cell lines U251 and A172 were detected using RT-qPCR. The cell lines were transfected with si-SLIT1 or miR-640 inhibitor to study the radiosensitivity of glioma cells. We detected cell activity using CCK-8 assay, cell migration using wound healing assay, cell invasion using transwell assay, and apoptosis using caspase-3 assay. Results: SLIT1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines, and inversely correlated with radiation sensitivity. Its knockdown reduced radioresistance, migration, and invasion, but increased apoptosis in U251 and A17 cells. Loss of miR-640 activity upregulated SLIT1, Wnt, and ß-catenin protein expression, whereas it inhibited p-GSK-3ß protein levels in U251 and A17 cells. These results suggest that miR-640 mediates the radiosensitivity of glioma cells through SLIT1 and the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: The miR-640-SLIT1 axis that regulates the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway is a possible therapeutic option for the effective treatment of glioma in combination with radiotherapy.
Subject(s)
Glioma , MicroRNAs , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Wnt Signaling Pathway , Apoptosis/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glioma/genetics , Glioma/radiotherapy , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/genetics , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism , Humans , MicroRNAs/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Radiation Tolerance/geneticsABSTRACT
This study examined the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of parthenolide (PTL) on the activity of NF-κB in multiple myeloma (MM). Human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI 8226 cells were treated with or without different concentrations of PTL for various time periods, and then MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Cell cycle and apoptosis were flow cytometrically detected. The level of protein ubiquitination was determined by using immunoprecipitation. Western blotting was employed to measure the level of total protein ubiquitination, the expression of IκB-α in cell plasma and the content of p65 in nucleus. The content of p65 in nucleus before and after PTL treatment was also examined with immunofluorescence. Exposure of RPMI 8226 cells to PTL attenuated the level of ubiquitinated Nemo, increased the expression of IκB-α and reduced the level of p65 in nucleus, finally leading to the decrease of the activity of NF-κB. PTL inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle. Furthermore, the levels of ubiquitinated tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and total proteins were decreased after PTL treatment. By using Autodock software package, we predicted that PTL could bind to TRAF6 directly and tightly. Taken together, our findings suggest that PTL inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway via directly binding with TRAF6, thereby suppressing MM cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
