Preoperative pain sensitivity and its correlation with postoperative acute and chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative pain sensitivity (PPS) can be associated with postsurgical pain. However, estimates of this association are scarce. Confirming this correlation is essential to identifying patients at high risk for severe postoperative pain and for developing analgesic strategy. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises PPS and assessed its correlation with postoperative pain. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched up to October 1, 2023, for studies reporting the association between PPS and postsurgical pain. Two authors abstracted estimates of the effect of each method independently. A random-effects model was used to combine data. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the effect of pain types and surgical procedures on outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 70 prospective observational studies were included. A meta-analysis of 50 studies was performed. Postoperative pain was negatively associated with pressure pain threshold (PPT; r=-0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.23 to -0.07]) and electrical pain threshold (EPT; r=-0.28, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.14), but positively correlated with temporal summation of pain (TSP; r=0.21, 95% CI 0.12-0.30) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ; r=0.25, 95% CI 0.13-0.37). Subgroup analysis showed that only TSP was associated with acute and chronic postoperative pain, whereas PPT, EPT, and PSQ were only associated with acute pain. A multilevel (three-level) meta-analysis showed that PSQ was not associated with postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: Lower PPT and EPT, and higher TSP are associated with acute postoperative pain while only TSP is associated with chronic postoperative pain. Patients with abnormal preoperative pain sensitivity should be identified by clinicians to adopt early interventions for effective analgesia. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: PROSPERO (CRD42023465727).

External validation and updating of the Rossi nomogram for predicting cesarean delivery following induction: is the Bishop score valuable?

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to validate the Rossi nomogram in a Chinese population and then to include the Bishop score to see if it has an effect on the accuracy of the nomogram. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Rossi predictive model was applied and externally validated in a retrospective cohort from August 2017 and July 2023 in a Chinese tertiary-level medical center. For the revision and updating of the models, the regression coefficients of all the predictors (except race) were re-estimated and then the cervical Bishop score at the time of induction was added. Each model's performance was measured using the receiver-operating characteristic and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis determined the range of the probability threshold for each prediction model that would be of clinical value. RESULTS: A total of 721 women met the inclusion criteria, of whom 183 (25.4%) underwent a cesarean delivery. The calibration demonstrated the underestimation of the original model, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.789 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.753-0.825, p < 0.001). After recalibrating the original model, the discriminative performance was improved from 0.789 to 0.803. Moreover, the discriminatory power of the updated model was further improved when the Bishop score at the time of induction was added to the recalibrated multivariable model. Indeed, the updated model demonstrated good calibration and discriminatory power, with an AUC of 0.811. The decision curve analysis indicated that all the models (original, recalibrated, and updated) provided higher net benefits of between 0 and 60% of the probability threshold, which indicates the benefits of using the models to make decisions concerning patients who fall within the identified range of the probability threshold. The net benefits of the updated model were higher than those of the original model and the recalibrated model. CONCLUSION: The nomogram used to predict cesarean delivery following induction developed by Rossi et al. has been validated in a Chinese population in this study. More specifically, adaptation to a Chinese population by excluding ethnicity and including the Bishop score prior to induction gave rise to better performance. The three models (original, recalibrated, and updated) offer higher net benefits when the probability threshold is between 0 and 60%.

Species' geographical range, environmental range and traits lead to specimen collection preference of dominant plant species of grasslands in Northern China.

Many different factors, such as species traits, socio-economic factors, geographical and environmental factors, can lead to specimen collection preference. This study aims to determine whether grassland specimen collection in China is preferred by species traits (i.e., plant height, flowering and fruiting period), environmental range (i.e., the temperature and precipitation range) and geographical range (i.e., distribution range and altitudinal range). Ordinary least squares models and phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationships between specimen number and the explanatory variables. Random Forest models were then used to find the most parsimonious multivariate model. The results showed that interannual variation in specimen number between 1900 and 2020 was considerable. Specimen number of these species in southeast China was notably lower than that in northwest China. Environmental range and geographical range of species had significant positive correlations with specimen number. In addition, there were relatively weak but significant associations between specimen number and species trait (i.e., plant height and flowering and fruiting period). Random Forest models indicated that distribution range was the most important variable, followed by flowering and fruiting period, and altitudinal range. These findings suggest that future floristic surveys should pay more attention to species with small geographical range, narrow environmental range, short plant height, and short flowering and fruiting period. The correction of specimen collection preference will also make the results of species distribution model, species evolution and other works based on specimen data more accurate.

Association between maternal health service utilization and under-five mortality rate in China and its provinces, 1990-2017.

BACKGROUND: The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal - 3.2 aims to eliminate all preventable under-five mortality rate (U5MR). In China, government have made efforts to provide maternal health services and reduce U5MR. Hence, we aimed to explore maternal health service utilization in relation to U5MR in China and its provinces in 1990-2017. METHODS: We obtained data from Global Burden of Disease 2017, China Health Statistics Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, and Human Development Report China Special Edition. The trend of U5MR in each province of China from 1990 to 2017 was analyzed using Joinpoint Regression model. We measured the inequities in maternal health services using HEAT Plus, a health inequity measurement tool developed by the UN. The generalized estimating equation model was used to explore the association between maternal health service utilization (including prenatal screening, hospital delivery and postpartum visits) and U5MR. RESULTS: First, in China, the U5MR per 1000 live births decreased from 50 in 1990 to 12 in 2017 and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was - 5.2 (p < 0.05). Secondly, China had a high maternal health service utilization in 2017, with 96.5% for prenatal visits, 99.9% for hospital delivery, and 94% for postnatal visits. Inequity in maternal health services between provinces is declining, with hospital delivery rate showing the greatest decrease (SII, 14.01 to 1.87, 2010 to 2017). Third, an increase in the rate of hospital delivery rate can significantly reduce U5MR (OR 0.991, 95%CI 0.987 to 0.995). Postpartum visits rate with a one-year lag can reduce U5MR (OR 0.993, 95%CI 0.987 to 0.999). However, prenatal screening rate did not have a significant effect on U5MR. CONCLUSION: The decline in U5MR in China was associated with hospital delivery and postpartum visits. The design and implementation of maternal health services may provide references to other low-income and middle-income countries.

Mitochondrial antioxidant elamipretide improves learning and memory impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation in mice.

BACKGROUND: The inflammation and synaptic dysfunction induced by mitochondrial dysfunction play essential roles in the learning and memory impairment associated with sleep dysfunction. Elamipretide (SS-31), a novel mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant, was proven to improve mitochondrial dysfunction, the inflammatory response, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment in models of cerebral ischemia, sepsis, and type 2 diabetes. However, the potential for SS-31 to improve the cognitive impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) and its underlying mechanisms is unknown. METHODS: Adult c57BL/6J mice were subjected to CSD for 21 days using an activity wheel accompanied by daily intraperitoneal injection of SS-31 (5 mg/kg). The novel object recognition and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate hippocampus-dependent cognitive function. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine the effects of CSD and SS-31 on markers of mitochondria, inflammation response, and synaptic function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to examine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: SS-31 could improve the cognitive impairment induced by CSD. In particular, SS-31 treatment restored the CSD-induced decrease in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator alpha levels and the increase in levels nuclear factor kappa-B and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, SS-31 significantly increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, postsynaptic density protein-95, and synaptophysin in CSD mice. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that SS-31 could improve CSD-induced mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction, inflammatory response, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment by increasing SIRT1 expression levels.

Effects of a novel Bacillus subtilis GXYX crude lipopeptide against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.

The increased rate of antibiotic resistance strongly limits the resolution of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection. Therefore, new strategies to control bacterial infections are urgently needed. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and its metabolites are desirable antibacterial agents. Here, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the novel B. subtilis strain GXYX (No: PRJNA940956) crude lipopeptide against S. Typhimurium. In vitro, GXYX crude lipopeptides affected S. Typhimurium biofilm formation and swimming and attenuated the adhesion and invasion abilities of S. Typhimurium toward BHK-21 cells; in addition, it inhibited the mRNA expression of the filA, filC, csgA, and csgB genes, which are related to the adhesion and invasion ability of S. Typhimurium. In vivo, pretreatment with GXYX crude lipopeptide via intragastric administration improved the survival rate by 30%, which was related to reductions in organ bacterial loads and clinical signs in mice. Intragastric administration of GXYX crude lipopeptide significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-12 and IL-6 in response to S. Typhimurium-induced inflammation compared with intraperitoneal injection. Moreover, it significantly improved the intestinal barrier-related gene (ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin-1) mRNA levels in intestinal tissue damaged by S. Typhimurium infection. In conclusion, GXYX crude lipopeptides were effective at reducing S. Typhimurium colonization, laying a foundation for the further development of novel antibacterial agents.

Resveratrol prevents cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation via modulating sirtuin 1 associated pathways in the hippocampus.

Accumulating evidence confirms that sleep insufficiency is a high risk factor for cognitive impairment, which involves inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Resveratrol, an agonist of the Sirt1, has demonstrated anti-inflammation and neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. However, the beneficial effects of resveratrol on sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, thirty-two male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a Control+DMSO group, Control+Resveratrol group, SD+DMSO group, and SD+Resveratrol group. The mice in the SD+Resveratrol group underwent 5 days of sleep deprivation after pretreatment with resveratrol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, while the mice in the SD+DMSO group only underwent sleep deprivation. After sleep deprivation, we evaluated spatial learning and memory function using the Morris water maze test. We used general molecular biology techniques to detect changes in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Sirt1/miR-134 pathway-related synaptic plasticity proteins. We found that resveratrol significantly reversed sleep deprivation-induced learning and memory impairment, elevated interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, postsynaptic density protein-95, and synaptophysin levels by activating the Sirt1/miR-134 pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol is a promising agent for preventing sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving synaptic function via the Sirt1/miR-134 pathway.

Assessment and analysis of the balance between economic development and ecological environment protection and its implementation strategy derived from spatial planning-Take three heterogeneous and representative provinces in China as an example.

Balancing ecological environment protection (EEP) and economic development (ED) (balance for short) is a difficult problem that must be solved in the development of modern society, particularly important for realizing UN Sustainable Development Goals. How to assess the regional balance situation and reveal the spatial and temporal heterogeneous characteristics of the balance (especially for the vast China) and its influencing factors are the primary scientific problems and realistic needs. Taking Zhejiang, Hunan and Gansu Provinces in the eastern, central and western region of China as a regional representative, an index system characterizing EEP and ED were established, which were processed by extreme difference method and entropy weight method. The coupling characteristics, stress factors and coordination type from 2010 to 2019 in the 3 provinces were assessed and analyzed by means of the coupling coordination model and the grey correlation degree model. Balance is the mission and responsibility of the spatial planning system for spatial planning is of the source, whole-region and comprehensiveness of public strategy, therefore, the balance strategies and its integration approaches are constructed in the 3 provincial spatial planning based on the assessment and analysis of balance characteristics. Research results show that: (1) the 3 provinces' coupling coordination degree is rising year by year, coordination type is more and more better indicating that the balance of EEP and ED is getting better and better, but coordination type differentiates at one level between 3 provinces at the east, central, western region of China, Zhejiang province is from nearby imbalance to primary coordination, Hunan Province is from nearby imbalance to narrow coordination, and Gansu Province is from medium imbalance to nearby imbalance. (2) The ED have same strong stress on EEP in the 3 provinces, and the constraints of EEP on ED are different, the current balance characteristics of Zhejiang, Hunan and Gansu province are the types of ecological environment pressure constraints primary coordination, ecological environment pressure constraints narrow coordination, and ecological environment condition constraints nearby imbalance. (3) The coordination types are the co-environmental pressure constraints primary coordination (Zhejiang Province), eco-environmental pressure constraints narrow coordination (Hunan Province) and eco-environmental condition constraints nearby imbalance (Gansu Province), and corresponding balanced planning strategy system are to promote ecological modernization, implement ecological industrialization and adhere to the ecological fundamentalization.

Characterization of AI-2/LuxS quorum sensing system in biofilm formation, pathogenesis of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is an opportunistic pathogen of both humans and animals. Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial group behaviors. The aim of this study was to characterize the LuxS in SEZ and evaluate its impact on biofilm formation, pathogenesis and gene expression. The wild-type SEZ and its LuxS mutant (ΔluxS) were examined for growth, biofilm formation, virulence factors, and transcriptomic profiles. Our results showed that LuxS deficiency did not affect SEZ hemolytic activity, adhesion or capsule production. For biofilm assay demonstrated that mutation in the luxS gene significantly enhances biofilm formation, produced a denser biofilm and attached to a glass surface. RAW264.7 cell infection indicated that ΔluxS promoted macrophage apoptosis and pro-inflammatory responses. In mice infection, there was no significant difference in mortality between SEZ and ΔluxS. However, the bacterial load in the spleen of mice infected with ΔluxS was significantly higher than in those infected with SEZ. And the pathological analysis further indicated that spleen damage was more severe in the ΔluxS group. Moreover, transcriptomics analysis revealed significant alterations in carbon metabolism, RNA binding and stress response genes in ΔluxS. In summary, this study provides the first evidence of AI-2/LuxS QS system in SEZ and reveals its regulatory effects on biofilm formation, pathogenicity and gene expression.

An enriched environment ameliorates maternal sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice by improving mitochondrial function via the Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.

BACKGROUND: Early life stress can cause cognitive impairment in aged offspring. Environmental enrichment (EE) is considered to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for improving cognitive decline. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of EE, on cognitive impairment in aged offspring induced by maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) and the underlying mechanisms involved to investigate its potential value in clinical practice. METHODS: CD-1 damns were subjected or not to sleep deprivation during late gestation. Twenty-one days after birth, the offspring were assigned to standard or EE cages. At 18 months-old, the learning and memory function of the offspring mice was evaluated using Morris water maze. The hippocampal and prefrontal cortical levels of protein, gene, proinflammation cytokines, and oxidative stress indicators was examined by Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and biochemical assays. RESULTS: Offspring in MSD group exhibited declined learning and memory abilities compared with control animals. Moreover, the hippocampal and prefrontal cortical levels of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), postsynaptic density protein-95, and synaptophysin were lower and those of proinflammation cytokines higher in the MSD group; meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase content was higher and the malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents were lower. However, these deleterious changes were ameliorated by exposure to EE. CONCLUSIONS: EE attenuates MSD-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation and reverses the reduction in synaptic protein levels in aged offspring mice via the Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.

A novel injectable sericin hydrogel with strong fluorescence for tracing.

Hydrogel systems with strong fluorescence, as convenient tracers or bio-probes, have attracted much attention in biomedical engineering. Currently, most hydrogels endowed fluorescent properties due to modifying additional fluorophores. However, these fluorophores owing to photobleaching and toxicity limit the practical applications of hydrogels. Herein, we prepared a novel self-luminescence hydrogel through double crosslinking glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (H2O2/HRP) with sericin protein. The double cross-linked sericin hydrogel exhibits strong green and red intrinsic fluorescence which can be excited over a wide range of wavelengths. Moreover, this hydrogel with strong intrinsic fluorescence could penetrate thick pigskin tissue, which has potential application in implantable bio-tracer areas. In addition to the above unique properties, this sericin hydrogel possesses two types of micropore structures with high porosity, swelling properties, pH-responsive degradability, super elasticity, injectability, viscosity, and excellent biocompatibility. The investigation could significantly expand the scope of protein hydrogels in biomedical applications.

Analysis of compatibility mechanism of shenxiong glucose injection after multiple dosing based on differences of PK-PD correlation and cytochrome P450 enzyme.

Shenxiong glucose injection (SGI) containing a water extract from the roots of Danshen and Ligustrazine hydrochloride, is the main drug used for the prevention and treatment of acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) in China. Based on the characteristics of drug clinical applications, this study aims to uncover the compatibility mechanism of SGI by investigating pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) differences between Danshen glucose injection (DGI), Ligustrazine glucose injection (LGI) and SGI groups after multiple dosing during the pathological state from the perspective of metabolic enzymes. Compared to the LGI group, the absorption (Cmax) and exposure (AUC) of ligustrazine increased significantly, and the protein expression of CYP1A2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 in the SGI group decreased significantly. Furthermore, the PK and PD experimental data for Danshen and ligustrazine in AMI rats were fitted to obtain a PK-PD binding model with three components. PK-PD parameter analysis showed that in the SGI group the IC50 values of ligustrazine and danshensu on AST, CK-MB, cTn-I and the IC50 values of rosmarinic acid on AST and CK-MB were lower than the DGI or LGI group. It is speculated that Danshen inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 mediating the metabolism of ligustrazine and decreased the expression of these three isozymes, which further affected the in vivo process of ligustrazine. Moreover, the combination of Danshen and ligustrazine could have better regulating effect on AST, CK-MB and cTn-I. This preliminary study has provided a scientific basis for understanding the compatibility mechanism of SGI from the viewpoint of the regulation of CYP enzymes in the PK-PD model.

Resveratrol ameliorates maternal immune activation-associated cognitive impairment in adult male offspring by relieving inflammation and improving synaptic dysfunction.

Maternal exposure to inflammation may represent a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders with associated cognitive dysfunction in offspring in later life. Growing evidence has suggested that resveratrol exerts a beneficial effect on cognitive impairment via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and by ameliorating synaptic dysfunction. However, how resveratrol affects maternal immune activation-induced cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, pregnant dams were given an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 µg/kg) on gestational day 15. Subsequently, the offspring mice were treated or not with resveratrol (40 mg/kg) from postnatal day (PND) 60 to PND 88. Male offspring were selected for the evaluation of cognitive function using the Morris water maze test. The hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined by ELISA. The mRNA and protein levels of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin (SYP) were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. The results showed that male offspring mice exposed to LPS in utero exhibited learning and memory impairment. Additionally, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were increased while those of SIRT1, BDNF, PSD-95, and SYP were decreased in male offspring of LPS-treated mothers. Treatment with resveratrol reversed cognitive impairment and attenuated the increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by maternal immune activation in the offspring mice. Furthermore, resveratrol reversed the deleterious effects of maternal immune activation on SIRT1, BDNF, PSD-95, and SYP levels in the hippocampus. Collectively, our results suggested that resveratrol can effectively improve learning and memory impairment induced by maternal immune activation via the modulation of inflammation and synaptic dysfunction.

The role of military service in preventing depression in China: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey.

BACKGROUND: Despite recognition in the West that military veterans experience more mental health issues than the general population, little research has focused on this subject in China. This study examined the associations between male veterans' military experience and depression in China. METHODS: A sample of 12,914 men including 669 veterans was included in the final analysis and propensity score matching, multivariable regressions and fixed effect model were used. RESULTS: The military experience was associated with a lower likelihood of depression in male veterans. In the subgroup analysis, military experience was associated with a lower likelihood of depression among married and urban male veterans. Military experience was also associated with a lower likelihood of depression in both "junior college and above" and "below junior college" groups. In contrast, evidence was lacking regarding the associations between military experience and depression for unmarried and rural veterans. CONCLUSIONS: Individual characteristics could influence the relationship between military experience and depression in male veterans, and the mental health of veterans should be paid more attention and guaranteed.

Recombinant human adenovirus p53 combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for liver cancer: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical curative effects, survival and complications of recombinant human adenovirus-p53 (rAd-p53) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus TACE for the treatment of liver cancer. METHODS: We searched all the eligible studies of rAd-p53 plus TACE versus control group had only TACE in the treatment of liver cancer, which were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang database, CBM, VIP, PubMed, EMBase, The Chrance of Library, Web of Science from its inception to august 2022. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included, which involved 1045 patients. The results of the meta analysis indicated that the the rAd-p53combined with TACE markedly improved the patients' complete remission(OR = 2.19, 95% CI:1.13-4.22, P = 0.02), partial remission (OR = 2.22, 95% CI:1.67-2.94, P<0.00001), objective tumor response rate (OR = 2.58, 95% CI:1.95-3.41, P<0.00001) and disease control rate(OR = 2.39, 95% CI:1.65-3.47, P<0.00001) compared with TACE alone. And our results showed that rAd-p53combined with TACE had better survival benefit [6-month OS (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.62-7.14, p = 0.001); 1-year OS (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.28-2.96, p = 0.002)] and better quality of life(MD = 5.84, 95% CI:2.09-9.60, P = 0.002). In addition, the immunity of the patients was enhanced by the combination therapy, as demonstrated by the increase in the ratio of CD4+ to CD4+/CD8+. In adverse effects, except for fever in the TACE combined with rAd-p53 group, which was higher than that in the TACE group(OR = 2.62, 95% CI:2.02-3.49, P<0.00001), all other adverse effects were lower in the TACE combined with rAd-p53 group than in the TACE group. CONCLUSION: RAd-p53 combined with TACE for liver cancer showed significant advantages in terms of clinical efficacy, survival rate, and safety compared to the TACE alone, and effectively improved patient quality of life and immune function. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-9-0127/.

6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one from Trichoderma erinaceum Is Fungicidal against Litchi Downy Blight Pathogen Peronophythora litchii and Preservation of Litchi.

The postharvest losses of litchi caused by litchi downy blight are considerably high. We identified a natural antifungal volatile pyrone, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6PP), synthesized by Trichoderma erinaceum LS019-2 and investigated as biocontrol for litchi downy blight and preservation. 6PP significantly inhibited the growth and sporangial germination of Peronophythora litchii, the causal agent of litchi downy blight, and caused severe cellular and intracellular destructions, as evidenced by electron microscopic analysis. Furthermore, in the treatment, the fruit kept better color, higher weight, and antioxidant activity, so it can maintain freshness and prolong shelf life. Metabolome analysis confirmed the decline of lipids and the accumulation of organic acids in litchi fruits in response to 6PP treatment. These effects from 6PP could alleviate disease effects and prolong the shelf life of litchi fruits. These findings suggested that 6PP could be a useful natural product to control downy blight disease and a new preservative of litchi fruits.

Associations between changes in social contact pattern and the mental health status of Chinese adults: cross-sectional findings.

The study aims to examine the associations between social contact pattern changes and mental health status, including depression, anxiety, and loneliness, among Chinese adults in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data on social contact patterns before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 were obtained from 3511 participants. Mental health (ie, depression, anxiety, and loneliness) was assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Dark Future Scale, and the 9-scale Three-Item Loneliness Scale, respectively. Poisson regression analyses revealed that the participants who had increased in-person communication were more likely to have mental disorders [depression: prevalence ratio (PR)=1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.26; anxiety: PR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30]. The current study concluded that the in-person communication increase before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 was associated with mental disorders among Chinese adults.

Effect of excessive gestational weight gain before and after 28 weeks on trial of labor after cesarean stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index: a retrospective cohort study.

This study aimed to assess the effect of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) before and after 28 weeks on the mode of delivery in women who attempted a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC), stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI. A retrospective analysis of the outcomes of eligible women who attempted trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) in a Chinese hospital from January 2016 to October 2022 was performed. GWG before and after 28 weeks was categorized as 'excessive' or 'non-excessive' based on the guideline of Institute of Medicine (IOM). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of excessive GWG before and after 28 weeks on mode of delivery in women who underwent TOLAC, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI. Of the 512 women who underwent term trial of labor, 71.1% achieved a vaginal birth. No correlation was found between excessive GWG before 28 weeks and the rate of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Among women with or without excessive GWG before 28 weeks, excessive GWG after 28 weeks was significantly associated with a reduced rate of VBAC. When stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI, women who had excessive gestational weight gain after 28 weeks gestation had lower rates of VBAC than those who did not, regardless of being underweight, normal or overweight (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06-0.88; aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25, 0.70; and aOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04-0.36; respectively). Excessive weight gain after 28 weeks of pregnancy was related to decreased rates of VBAC, irrespective of pre-pregnancy weight status and weight gain before 28 weeks.

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm with Lung Involvement and Cytopenia: A Case Report and a Literature Review.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a hostile cutaneous malignancy with dismal prognosis and unknown etiology with rarity. Most patients received traditional chemotherapy only has one year of median survival time. This article reports an 81-year-old male patient with BPDCN who presented with skin manifestations and was diagnosed with positive CD4, CD56, and CD123 immunohistochemical results. Systematic examination revealed lung involvement and cytopenia.