Absence of causative genetic association between Helicobacter pylori infection and glaucoma: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Background: While clinical research has indicated a potential link between Helicobacter pylori infection and the onset of glaucoma, the causality of this association remains uncertain due to the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding factors and reverse causation. Methods: A comprehensive two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to assess the causal connection between H. pylori infection and glaucoma. Glaucoma was categorized into primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), and pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma (PEG). Various methods, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and mode-based estimator, were employed for effect estimation and pleiotropy testing. To enhance result robustness, a sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding proxy single nucleotide polymorphisms. Results: Genetic predisposition for H. pylori infection has no causal effect on glaucoma: (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.95-1.06, p = 0.980), (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.86-1.09, p = 0.550), and (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.90-1.08, p = 0.766) with POAG, NTG, and PEG, respectively. An inverse MR showed no causal effect of POAG, NTG, and PEG on H. pylori infection (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.97-1.05, p = 0.693), (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.98-1.03, p = 0.804), and (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.96-1.01, p = 0.363), respectively. Heterogeneity (p > 0.05) and pleiotropy (p > 0.05) analysis confirmed the robustness of MR results. Conclusion: These results indicated that there was no genetic evidence for a causal link between H. pylori and glaucoma, suggesting that the eradication or prevention of H. pylori infection might not benefit glaucoma and vice versa.

The Mutual Regulatory Role of Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy in Anti-tumor Therapy.

Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is triggered by the presence of ferrous ions and is characterized by lipid peroxidation induced by these ions. The mechanism exhibits distinct morphological characteristics compared to apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. A notable aspect of ferroptosis is its ability to inhibit uncontrolled tumor replication and immortalization, especially in malignant, drug-resistant, and metastatic tumors. Additionally, immunotherapy, a novel therapeutic approach for tumors, has been found to have a reciprocal regulatory relationship with ferroptosis in the context of anti-tumor therapy. A comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis and immunotherapy in tumor therapy is presented in this paper, highlighting the potential for mutual adjuvant effects. Specifically, we discuss the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and immunotherapy, emphasizing their ability to improve the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance immunotherapeutic effects. Furthermore, we investigate how immunotherapeutic factors may increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis. We aim to provide a prospective view of the promising value of combined ferroptosis and immunotherapy in anticancer therapy by elucidating the mutual regulatory network between each.

Strong anisotropic third-harmonic generation in layered violet phosphorus.

We demonstrate that layered violet phosphorus, an emerging 2D semiconductor, undergoes strong anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG). Polarization dependence of in-plane THG presents a cruciate-flower-shaped curve. Through theoretical modeling of the in-plane THG response, done by considering crystalline symmetry of violet phosphorus, we successfully quantify four non-zero third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor elements. From control experiments, the magnitude of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility |χ3| is calculated to be about 4.0 × 10-19 m2 V-2, which is comparable to those of conventional 2D layered semiconductors. These results indicate that the layered violet phosphorus can serve as an ideal building block for nonlinear optical applications.

Strain-Prompted Giant Flexo-Photovoltaic Effect in Two-Dimensional Violet Phosphorene Nanosheets.

As a second-order nonlinear optical phenomenon, the bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect is expected to break through the Shockley-Queisser limit of thermodynamic photoelectron conversion and improve the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Here, we have successfully induced a strong flexo-photovoltaic (FPV) effect, a form of BPV effect, in strained violet phosphorene nanosheets (VPNS) by utilizing strain engineering at the h-BN nanoedge, which was first observed in nontransition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) systems. This BPV effect was found to originate from the disruption of inversion symmetry induced by uniaxial strain applied to VPNS at the h-BN nanoedge. We have revealed the intricate relationship between the bulk photovoltaic effect and strain gradients in VPNS through thickness-dependent photovoltaic response experiments. A bulk photovoltaic coefficient of up to 1.3 × 10-3 V-1 and a polarization extinction ratio of 21.6 have been achieved by systematically optimizing the height of the h-BN nanoedge and the thickness of VPNS, surpassing those of reported TMD materials (typically less than 3). Our results have revealed the fundamental relationship between the FPV effect and the strain gradients in low-dimensional materials and inspired further exploration of optoelectronic phenomena in strain-gradient engineered materials.

Characterization, Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effect of Peptides from Cordyceps militaris Cultivated with Tussah Pupa on Oxidative Injured HepG2 Cells.

The antioxidant capacity and protective effect of peptides from protein hydrolysate of Cordyceps militaris cultivated with tussah pupa (ECPs) on H2O2-injured HepG2 cells were studied. Results indicated ECP1 (<3 kDa) presented the strongest antioxidant activity compared with other molecular weight peptides. Pretreated with ECPs observably enhanced survival rates and reduced apoptosis rates of HepG2 cells. ECPs treatment decreased the ROS level, MDA content and increased CAT and GSH-Px activities of HepG2 cells. Besides, the morphologies of natural peptides from C. militaris cultivated with tussah pupa (NCP1) and ECP1 were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characterization results suggested the structure of NCP1 was changed by enzymatic hydrolysis treatment. Most of hydrophobic and acidic amino acids contents (ACC) in ECP1 were also observably improved by enzymatic hydrolysis. In conclusion, low molecular weight peptides had potential value in the development of cosmetics and health food.

Synergistic effect of lipoprotein(a) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a large prospective cohort study.

Objective: Although lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) are closely associated with the mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), their synergistic effect on the risk of death remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the combined effect of Lp(a) and Hs-CRP on the incidence of all-cause and cardiovascular death in AMI patients. Methods: A comprehensive cohort study enrolled 912 AMI patients, categorizing them into four groups based on Lp(a) and Hs-CRP levels: Group 1 [Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL & Hs-CRP < 2 mg/L], Group 2 [Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL & Hs-CRP ≥ 2 mg/L], Group 3 [Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL & Hs-CRP < 2 mg/L], and Group 4 [Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL & Hs-CRP ≥ 2 mg/L]. Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and sensitivity analysis were employed to determine the combined effects of Lp(a) and Hs-CRP on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death. Results: Over a median observation period of 38.98 months, 217 patients passed away, with 137 deaths attributed to cardiovascular causes. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that in the comprehensively adjusted Model 3, only Lp(a) and the combination of Lp(a) and Hs-CRP exhibited a strong association with cardiovascular death risk. Specifically, for Lp(a) levels ≥ 30 mg/dL compared to < 30 mg/dL, the hazard ratio (HR) was 2.434 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.653-3.583 (P < 0.001); for log10(Lp(a)), the HR was 2.630 with a 95% CI of 1.530-4.523 (P < 0.001); for Group 4 versus Group 1, the HR was 2.346 with a 95% CI of 1.054-5.220 (P = 0.037); and for Group 4 versus Groups 1 + 2 + 3, the HR was 1.878 with a 95% CI of 1.284-2.748 (P = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the synergy between Lp(a) and Hs-CRP continued to be independently associated with the risk of cardiovascular death. For Group 3 versus Group 1, the HR was 3.353 with a 95% CI of 1.133-9.917 (P = 0.029); for Group 4 versus Group 1, the HR was 3.710 with a 95% CI of 1.466-9.392 (P = 0.006); and for Group 4 versus Groups 1 + 2 + 3, the HR was 2.433 with a 95% CI of 1.620-3.656 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to elevated levels of either Lp(a) or Hs-CRP alone, the concurrent high levels of both significantly increased the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with AMI, underscoring the importance of considering their combined effects in the prognostic management of AMI patients.

TYG Index as a Novel Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure with Renal Dysfunction Patients.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TYG) index is a novel and reliable marker reflecting insulin resistance. Its predictive ability for cardiovascular disease onset and prognosis has been confirmed. However, for advanced chronic heart failure (acHF) patients, the prognostic value of TYG is challenged due to the often accompanying renal dysfunction (RD). Therefore, this study focuses on patients with aHF accompanied by RD to investigate the predictive value of the TYG index for their prognosis. Methods and Results: 717 acHF with RD patients were included. The acHF diagnosis was based on the 2021 ESC criteria for acHF. RD was defined as the eGFR < 90 mL/(min/1.73 m2). Patients were divided into two groups based on their TYG index values. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and the secondary endpoints is all-cause mortality (ACM). The follow-up duration was 21.58 (17.98-25.39) months. The optimal cutoff values for predicting MACEs and ACM were determined using ROC curves. Hazard factors for MACEs and ACM were revealed through univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses. According to the univariate COX regression analysis, high TyG index was identified as a risk factor for MACEs (hazard ratio = 5.198; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.702-7.298; P < 0.001) and ACM (hazard ratio = 4.461; 95% CI, 2.962-6.718; P < 0.001). The multivariate COX regression analysis showed that patients in the high TyG group experienced 440.2% MACEs risk increase (95% CI, 3.771-7.739; P < 0.001) and 406.2% ACM risk increase (95% CI, 3.268-7.839; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with high TyG index levels had an elevated risk of experiencing MACEs and ACM within 30 months. Conclusion: This study found that patients with high TYG index had an increased risk of MACEs and ACM, and the TYG index can serve as an independent predictor for prognosis.

De novo transcriptome assembly database for 100 tissues from each of seven species of domestic herbivore.

Domesticated herbivores are an important agricultural resource that play a critical role in global food security, particularly as they can adapt to varied environments, including marginal lands. An understanding of the molecular basis of their biology would contribute to better management and sustainable production. Thus, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of 100 to 105 tissues from two females of each of seven species of herbivore (cattle, sheep, goats, sika deer, horses, donkeys, and rabbits) including two breeds of sheep. The quality of raw and trimmed reads was assessed in terms of base quality, GC content, duplication sequence rate, overrepresented k-mers, and quality score distribution with FastQC. The high-quality filtered RNA-seq raw reads were deposited in a public database which provides approximately 54 billion high-quality paired-end sequencing reads in total, with an average mapping rate of ~93.92%. Transcriptome databases represent valuable resources that can be used to study patterns of gene expression, and pathways that are related to key biological processes, including important economic traits in herbivores.

Ultrasensitive Near-Infrared Polarization Photodetectors with Violet Phosphorus/InSe van der Waals Heterostructures.

Near-infrared (NIR) polarization photodetectors with two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have presented great impact for the development of a wide range of technologies, such as in the optoelectronics and communication fields. Nevertheless, the lack of a photogenerated charge carrier at the device's interface leads to a poor charge carrier collection efficiency and a low linear dichroism ratio, hindering the achievement of high-performance optoelectronic devices with multifunctionalities. Herein, we present a type-II violet phosphorus (VP)/InSe vdW heterostructure that is predicted via density functional theory calculation and confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Benefiting from the type-II band alignment, the VP/InSe vdW heterostructure-based photodetector achieves excellent photodetection performance such as a responsivity (R) of 182.8 A/W, a detectivity (D*) of 7.86 × 1012 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11,939% under a 1064 nm photon excitation. Furthermore, the photodetection performance can be enhanced by manipulating the device geometry by inserting a few layers of graphene between the VP and InSe (VP/Gr/InSe). Remarkably, the VP/Gr/InSe vdW heterostructure shows a competitive polarization sensitivity of 2.59 at 1064 nm and can be integrated as an image sensor. This work demonstrates that VP/InSe and VP/Gr/InSe vdW heterostructures will be effective for promising integrated NIR optoelectronics.

Bacterial elimination via cell membrane penetration by violet phosphorene peripheral sub-nanoneedles combined with oxidative stress.

The effectiveness of an antibacterial agent is strongly influenced by its antibacterial mechanism, which, in turn, depends on the agent's topological structure. In the natural world, the nanoprotrusions on the surface of insect wings give them excellent antimicrobial properties through physical penetration while being compatible with host cells. Inspired by the novel nanostructure of insect wings, violet phosphorus (VP), a new member of the phosphorus family, has antibacterial potential due to the sub-nanoneedle on its edge. Here, we demonstrate that VP and its exfoliated product, violet phosphorene nanosheets (VPNSs), have superior antibacterial capability against pathogens via cell membrane penetration induced by peripheral sub-nanoneedles combined with oxidative stress. The results show that VPNSs can inactivate more than 99.9% of two common pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and more than 99.9% of two antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli pUC19 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), while showing almost no toxicity toward normal cells at a high concentration of 2.0 mg mL-1. Moreover, VPNSs can achieve effective treatment of induced skin wound infections and bacterial keratitis (BK) by Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, showing promising potential for ocular and skin wound infection theragnostics.

Regulation of band gap and localized surface plasmon resonance by loading Au nanorods on violet phosphene nanosheets for photodynamic/photothermal synergistic anti-infective therapy.

In the face of the serious threat to human health and the economic burden caused by bacterial antibiotic resistance, 2D phosphorus nanomaterials have been widely used as antibacterial agents. Violet phosphorus nanosheets (VPNSs) are an exciting bandgap-adjustable 2D nanomaterial due to their good physicochemical properties, yet the study of VPNS-based antibiotics is still in its infancy. Here, a composite of gold nanorods (AuNRs) loaded onto VPNS platforms (VPNS/AuNR) is constructed to maximize the potential of VPNSs for antimicrobial applications. The loading with AuNRs not only enhances the photothermal performance via a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, but also enhances the light absorption capacity due to the narrowing of the band gap of the VPNSs, thus increasing the ROS generation capacity. The results demonstrate that VPNS/AuNR exhibits outstanding antibacterial properties and good biocompatibility. Attractively, VPNS/AuNR is then extensively tested for treating skin wound infections, suggesting promising in vivo antibacterial and wound-healing features. Our findings may open a novel direction to develop a versatile VPNS-based treatment platform, which can significantly boost the progress of VPNS exploration.

EEG microstates in epilepsy with and without cognitive dysfunction: Alteration in intrinsic brain activity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the difference between epilepsy comorbid with and without cognitive dysfunction. METHOD: Participants were classified into patients with epilepsy comorbid cognitive dysfunction (PCCD) and patients with epilepsy without comorbid cognitive dysfunction (nPCCD). Microstate analysis was applied based on 20-channel electroencephalography (EEG) to detect the dynamic changes in the whole brain. The coverage, occurrence per second, duration, and transition probability were calculated. RESULT: The occurrence per second and the coverage of microstate B in the PCCD group were higher than that of the nPCCD group. Coverage in microstate D was lower in the PCCD group than in the nPCCD group. In addition, the PCCD group has a higher probability of A to B and B to A transitions and a lower probability of A to D and D to A transitions. CONCLUSION: Our research scrutinizes the disparities observed within EEG microstates among epilepsy patients both with and without comorbid cognitive dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE: EEG microstate analysis offers a novel metric for assessing neuropsychiatric disorders and supplies evidence for investigating the mechanisms and the dynamic change of epilepsy comorbid cognitive dysfunction.

[Retracted] Exogenous hydrogen sulfide protects against high glucose­induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by inhibiting the STAT3/HIF­1α pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8036.].

The Simplified Thrombo-Inflammatory Score as a Novel Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The simplified thrombo-inflammatory score (sTIPS) has recently emerged as a novel prognostic score. Hence, we investigated the prognostic value of sTIPS for predicting long-term mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods: A total of 3741 patients were analyzed in this study. The sTIPS was calculated based on the white blood cell count (WBC) and the mean platelet volume to platelet count (MPV/PC) ratio at admission. The mean follow-up time was 22.75 months. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the sTIPS and all-cause mortality (ACM). Results: In the whole study population, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients in both the sTIPS 2 and sTIPS 1 groups had significantly increased risk of ACM as compared with patients in the sTIPS 0 group (hazard ratio [HR]=1.706, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.405-2.072, P<0.001 and HR = 1.431, 95% CI 1.270-1.612, P<0.001). The same significant trend was observed in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients (sTIPS1 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.366, 95% CI 1.100-1.697, P = 0.005; sTIPS2 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.995, 95% CI 1.460-2.725, P<0.001). However, only sTIPS 1 group had a significantly increased the risk of ACM compared to the sTIPS 0 group among patients with HFmrEF (sTIPS1 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.648, 95% CI 1.238-2.194, P = 0.001) and HFrEF (sTIPS1 vs sTIPS0: HR = 1.322, 95% CI 1.021-1.712, P = 0.035). Conclusion: sTIPS is useful in predicting risk for long-term mortality in patients with HF.

Diabetic kidney disease as an independent predictor of long-term adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetic mellitus.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) had been proposed as a contributor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationship of DKD and the long-term adverse outcomes in patients with CAD after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was still undiscovered. Methods: Approximately 892 patients with CAD enrolled from January 2012 to December 2016. The patients were divided into two groups, the DKD group (n = 341) and the None DKD group (n = 551). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after PCI. The average follow-up time was 1,897 ± 1,276 days. Results: Baseline data showed that some factors were significantly different between the two groups, including age, body mass index, gender (female), hypertension, smoking, stroke history, heart failure, duration of diabetic mellitus (DM), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urinary protein/creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, platelet, antiplatelet, beta blocker, statin, antihypertensive drugs, and insulin (all p < 0.005). There were significant differences between the two groups in MACE, 40.3% vs. 52.2% (p = 0.001), and in cardiovascular death events and all-cause death events (5.6% vs. 20.5%, p < 0.001 and 4.4% vs. 13.5%, p < 0.001, respectively). In the DKD group, the risk of MACE was elevated to 141.9% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.419, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.164-1.730, p = 0.001] in the Cox univariable regression analyses; after adjusting co-variables, the Cox multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that DKD was an independent predictor for MACE (HR = 1.291, 95% CI: 1.027-1.624, p = 0.029) in patients with CAD after PCI, as well as in cardiovascular death events (HR = 2.148, 95% CI: 1.292-3.572, p = 0.003) and all-cause death events (HR = 2.229, 95% CI: 1.325-3.749, p = 0.003). Conclusion: This study suggests that DKD is an independent and novel predictor of long-term adverse outcomes in patients with CAD and DM who underwent PCI.

P-N Bonds-Mediated Atomic-Level Charge-Transfer Channel Fabricated between Violet Phosphorus and Carbon Nitride Favors Charge Separation and Water Splitting.

Heterostructures are widely employed in photocatalysis to promote charge separation and photocatalytic activity. However, their benefits are limited by the linkages and contact environment at the interface. Herein, violet phosphorus quantum dots (VPQDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) are employed as model materials to form VPQDs/g-C3 N4 heterostructures by a simple ultrasonic pulse excitation method. The heterostructure contains strong interfacial P-N bonds that mitigate interfacial charge-separation issues. P-P bond breakage occurs in the distinctive cage-like [P9] VPQD units during longitudinal disruption, thereby exposing numerous active P sites that bond with N atoms in g-C3 N4 under ultrasonic pulse excitation. The atomic-level interfacial P-N bonds of the Z-scheme VPQDs/g-C3 N4 heterostructure serve as photogenerated charge-transfer channels for improved electron-hole separation efficiency. This results in excellent photocatalytic performance with a hydrogen evolution rate of 7.70 mmol g-1  h-1 (over 9.2 and 8.5 times greater than those of pure g-C3 N4 and VPQDs, respectively) and apparent quantum yield of 11.68% at 400 nm. Using atomic-level chemical bonds to promote interfacial charge separation in phosphorene heterostructures is a feasible and effective design strategy for photocatalytic water-splitting materials.

[Metabolomics of interventional effects of Coptidis Rhizoma and its processed products on oral ulcer due to excess heat in rats].

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was employed to examine the impact of Coptidis Rhizoma(CR) and its processed products on the metabolism in the rat model of oral ulcer due to excess heat and to compare the effectiveness of CR and its three products. Male SD rats were randomly allocated to the sham-operation(Sham), model(M, oral ulcer due to excess heat), CR, wine/Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens/Euodiae Fructus processed CR(wCR/zCR/eCR), and Huanglian Shangqing Tablets(HST) groups. Except the Sham group, the other groups were administrated with Codonopsis Radix-Astragali Radix decoction by gavage for two consecutive weeks. The anal temperature and water consumption of rats were monitored throughout the modeling period of excess heat. Following the completion of the modeling, oral ulcer was modeled with acetic acid. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe the mucosal pathological changes in oral ulcer. A colorimetric assay was employed to determine the serum level of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was conducted to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the serum. The non-targeted metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was conducted on the serum samples. Metabolic profiles were then built, and the potential biomarkers were screened by principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The Mev software was used to establish a heat map and conduct cluster analysis on the quantitative results of the markers. The online databases including MBRole, KEGG, and MetaboAnalyst were used for pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic network building. The experimental results showed that the modeling led to pathological damage to the oral mucosa, elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, and MDA, and lowered levels of SOD and GSH-Px in rats. The drug administration recovered all the indices to varying extents, and wCR exhibited the best performance. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 48 differential metabolites including 27 metabolites in the positive ion mode and 21 metabolites in the negative ion mode. Five enriched pathways were common, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. Conclusively, CR and its three processed products could alleviate the inflammation and oxidative stress injury in rats suffering from oral ulcers due to excess heat by regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism. Notably, wCR demonstrated the most significant therapeutic effect.

Te-doped-WSe2/W as a stable monolith catalyst for ampere-level current density hydrogen evolution reaction.

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds immense importance in the context of large-scale hydrogen production from water. Nevertheless, the practical application of such catalysts still relies on precious platinum-based materials. There is a pressing need to design high-performing, non-precious metal electrocatalysts capable of generating hydrogen at substantial current levels. We report here a stable monolith catalyst of Te-doped-WSe2 directly supported by a highly conductive W mesh. This catalyst demonstrates outstanding electrocatalytic performance and stability in acidic electrolytes, especially under high current conditions, surpassing the capabilities of commercial 5% Pt/C catalysts. Specifically, at current densities of 10 and 1200 mA cm-2, it exhibits a minimal overpotential of 79 and 232 mV, along with a small Tafel slope of 55 mV dec-1, respectively. The remarkable catalytic activity of Te-WSe2 can be attributed to the exceptional electron transfer facilitated by the stable monolithic structure, as well as the abundant and efficient active sites in the material. In addition, density functional theory calculations further indicate that Te doping adjusts H atom adsorption on various positions of WSe2, making it closer to thermal neutrality compared to the original material. This study presents an innovative approach to develop cost-effective HER electrocatalysts that perform optimally under high current density conditions.

Comparison of in-patient glucose team based management with conventional blood glucose management- a retrospective study from China.

BACKGROUND: Glycemic control for patients with diabetes in the surgical department is often unsatisfactory. Compounding this issue is the fact that conventional glucose management models are often inefficient and difficult to monitor over time. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of inpatient glucose team-based management on glycemic control and hospital days in surgical patients with diabetes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 4156 patients with diabetes in the surgical department who received inpatient management of diabetes at a tertiary medical center from June 2020 to May 2022. Based on whether they received inpatient glucose team-based management, the surgical patients with diabetes were divided into two groups: the inpatient glucose team-based management (GM group, consisting of 1698 participants) and the conventional blood glucose management group (control group, consisting of 2458 participants). We compared the two groups in terms of glycemic control, hospital days, and health-care costs. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to build the hospital days prediction model and nomogram. Finally, the performance of the model was evaluated. RESULTS: The rate of glucose detection was higher in the GM group at 2 h postprandial (P < 0.01). The incidence of hypoglycemia and severe hyperglycemia, blood glucose attainment time, pre-operative preparation days, hospital days, and health-care costs were lower in the GM group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The linear regression model revealed that blood glucose attainment time, incidence of hypoglycemia (< 3.9mmol/L), preoperative preparation days, perioperative complications, and health-care costs were the factors influencing the hospital days (Total Point 83.4 points, mean hospital days 9.37 days). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram had good accuracy for predicting hospital days (area under the ROC curve 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.92). CONCLUSION: Inpatient glucose team-based management demonstrated significant improvements in glycemic control among surgical patients with diabetes, resulting in reduced hospital days and associated costs. The developed nomogram also exhibited promising potential in predicting hospital days, offering valuable clinical applications.