Mendelian randomization analysis does not reveal a causal association between migraine and Meniere's disease.

Background: According to observational research, migraine may increase the risk of Meniere's disease (MD). The two have not, however, been proven to be causally related. Methods: Using Mendelian random (MR) analysis, we aimed to evaluate any potential causal relationship between migraine and MD. We extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving European individuals, focusing on migraine and MD. The main technique used to evaluate effect estimates was inverse-variance weighting (IVW). To assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy, sensitivity analyses were carried out using weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR-PRESSO. Results: There was no discernible causative link between genetic vulnerability to MD and migraine. The migraine dose not increase the prevalence of MD in the random-effects IVW method (OR = 0.551, P = 0.825). The extra weighted median analysis (OR = 0.674, P = 0.909), MR-Egger (OR = 0.068, P = 0.806), Simple mode (OR = 0.170, P = 0.737), and Weighted mode (OR = 0.219, P= 0.760) all showed largely consistent results. The MD dose not increase the prevalence of migraine in the random-effects IVW method (OR = 0.999, P = 0.020). The extra weighted median analysis (OR = 0.999, P = 0.909), MR-Egger (OR = 0.999, P = 0.806), Simple mode (OR = 0.999, P = 0.737), and Weighted mode (OR = 1.000, P = 0.760). Conclusion and significance: This Mendelian randomization study provides casual evidence that migraine is not a risk factor for MD and MD is also not a risk factor for migraine.

[Advances in the study of fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss].

Fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss（FSNHL） is a special type of sensorineural hearing loss, which can be manifested in many clinical diseases. In this paper, some clinical diseases associated with FSNHL are summarized, such as Meniere's disease, large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, acute low frequency sensorineural hearing loss, delayed endolymphatic hydrops, autoimmune inner ear disease and syndromes leading to FSNHL. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of FSNHL were summarized in order to improve clinicians' understanding of FSNHL, reduce the probability of misdiagnosis of related diseases and improve the prognosis of patients.

Research on Factors and Influencing Correlation of Coal Core Temperature during Coring.

The core-tube method is a common method to measure the coal seam gas content (CSGC). However, cutting heat and friction heat will be generated in the core-tube coring process, which will increase the coal core temperature and the coal core gas loss, thus resulting in a large error in the determination of the gas content. The accuracy of the gas content determination is closely related to the temperature variation of coal core during core-taking. Based on this, the team developed the "thermal effect simulation device of coal core in the core-taking process" and carried out the temperature change test experiment of the coal core in the core-taking process under different conditions. The results show that the temperature variation of the coal core during the core-taking process shows four stages: constant temperature, rapid temperature rise, slow temperature rise, and temperature drop. The temperature rise rate, temperature rise duration, and temperature rise peak of the coal core increase with the increase in rotate speed, coal strength, friction area, and frictional load. In the axial direction, the closer to the upper end of the core pipe, the higher the core temperature. In the radial direction, the closer the core is to the wall of the core pipe, the higher the core temperature is. Under the influence of cutting heat and friction heat in the process of core-taking, the maximum heating rate of the core-taking tube wall within 8 min is 20 °C/min, the peak temperature is 158.4 °C, the average temperature of the wall is above 100 °C, and the average temperature rise of the coal core reaches 55.7 °C. Within 60 min, the average temperature of the coal core remained above 50 °C. The order of influence of coal core temperature from large to small is as follows: rotate speed, frictional load, friction area, and coal strength. It can provide a reference for accurately determining CSGC using the core-tube method or designing a coring device to eliminate or reduce the thermal effect during coring.

In Situ Volume Recovery Method for Non-Seal Gas Pressure Measurement Technology: A Comparative Study.

Coal seam gas pressure is one of the basic parameters for coalbed methane resource exploitation and coal mine gas disaster prevention. However, the present coal seam gas pressure measurement technology requires harsh field measurement conditions and a long testing period. In this study, a novel non-seal gas pressure measurement technology is proposed, and this technology is mainly aimed at three different changes before and after the collection of coal samples and realizes the real gas pressure measurement through the compensation of gas leakage, in situ volume recovery of the coal core, and reservoir temperature simulation. The technique not only can measure the original gas pressure of coal seam quickly and accurately but also does not need to seal the measuring hole. This paper focuses on the study of a key factor that affects the accuracy of non-seal gas pressure measurement: the restoration of in situ volume. Based on this, the influence of four different in situ volume recovery methods on the measurement accuracy is compared with the self-developed non-sealing gas pressure measuring system. Experimental results show that the in situ volume of the coal core cannot be completely restored by stress loading. Although the contact injection method can restore the original volume of the coal core, the pressure recovery error is large due to the replacement and displacement of the gas effect of water and the inclusion of the coal body effect of oil. Interestingly, the combination of stress loading and contact oil injection can not only restore the original volume of the coal core but also minimize the pressure recovery error, which is only less than 10%. Finally, based on the abovementioned experimental results, the in situ volume recovery method of non-seal gas pressure measurement technology is improved. Therefore, the research results of this paper provide a scientific basis for the field application of non-seal gas pressure measurement technology.

Vestibular function in children with cochlear implant: Impact and evaluation.

Over the last 30 years, cochlear implant (CI) has been dedicated to improving the rehabilitation of hearing impairments. However, CI has shown potential detrimental effects on vestibular function. For children, due to atypical symptoms and difficulty in cooperating with vestibular function tests, systematic and objective assessments of vestibular function with CI have been conducted sparsely. This review focuses on the impact of vestibular function in children with CI and summarized the evaluation of vestibular function in children. In addition, some recommended strategies are summarized and proposed.

[The application value of video head impulse test, caloric test and dizziness handicap inventory in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma].

Objective:To explore the application value of video head impulse test（vHIT）, caloric test（CT） and the dizziness handicap inventory（DHI） in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma（AN）, to analyze the correlation between vHIT and CT, and to determine the correlationsof tumor size, vHIT, CT and DHI score. Methods:The clinical data of 24 patients with AN who underwent surgery in our department from January 2019 to January 2022 were analyzed retrospectively, including craniocerebral MRI, vHIT, caloric test and DHI score. All the data were statistically analyzed by GraphPadPrism9.0. Results:There was a significant negative correlation between the UW value of CT and the vestibular eye reflex gain of vHIT（P<0.01, r=-0.62）. The tumor size was significantly correlated with the increase of UW value of CT（P<0.01, r=0.69）, and with the decrease of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain of vHIT（P<0.01, r=-0.53）. The average Dizziness Handicap Inventory score was 8.9±16.2, which was not correlated with tumor size（P>0.05）. Conclusion:Both vHIT and CT can effectively evaluate the vestibular function of patients with AN（and they are complementary）, and they are related to the size of the tumor and have certain value in the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma.

Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Electroencephalogram Feature Learning and Emotion Recognition With Attention-Based Antagonism Neural Network.

Inspired by the neuroscience research results that the human brain can produce dynamic responses to different emotions, a new electroencephalogram (EEG)-based human emotion classification model was proposed, named R2G-ST-BiLSTM, which uses a hierarchical neural network model to learn more discriminative spatiotemporal EEG features from local to global brain regions. First, the bidirectional long- and short-term memory (BiLSTM) network is used to obtain the internal spatial relationship of EEG signals on different channels within and between regions of the brain. Considering the different effects of various cerebral regions on emotions, the regional attention mechanism is introduced in the R2G-ST-BiLSTM model to determine the weight of different brain regions, which could enhance or weaken the contribution of each brain area to emotion recognition. Then a hierarchical BiLSTM network is again used to learn the spatiotemporal EEG features from regional to global brain areas, which are then input into an emotion classifier. Especially, we introduce a domain discriminator to work together with the classifier to reduce the domain offset between the training and testing data. Finally, we make experiments on the EEG data of the DEAP and SEED datasets to test and compare the performance of the models. It is proven that our method achieves higher accuracy than those of the state-of-the-art methods. Our method provides a good way to develop affective brain-computer interface applications.

Li-Rich Li[Li1/6 Fe1/6 Ni1/6 Mn1/2 ]O2 (LFNMO) Cathodes: Atomic Scale Insight on the Mechanisms of Cycling Decay and of the Improvement due to Cobalt Phosphate Surface Modification.

Lithium-rich Li[Li1/6 Fe1/6 Ni1/6 Mn1/2 ]O2 (0.4Li2 MnO3 -0.6LiFe1/3 Ni1/3 Mn1/3 O2 , LFNMO) is a new member of the xLi2 MnO3 ·(1 - x)LiMO2 family of high capacity-high voltage lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes. Unfortunately, it suffers from the severe degradation during cycling both in terms of reversible capacity and operating voltage. Here, the corresponding degradation occurring in LFNMO at an atomic scale has been documented for the first time, using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), as well as tracing the elemental crossover to the Li metal anode using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is also demonstrated that a cobalt phosphate surface treatment significantly boosts LFNMO cycling stability and rate capability. Due to cycling, the unmodified LFNMO undergoes extensive elemental dissolution (especially Mn) and O loss, forming Kirkendall-type voids. The associated structural degradation is from the as-synthesized R-3m layered structure to a disordered rock-salt phase. Prior to cycling, the cobalt phosphate coating is epitaxial, sharing the crystallography of the parent material. During cycling, a 2-3 nm thick disordered Co-rich rock-salt structure is formed as the outer shell, while the bulk material retains R-3m crystallography. These combined cathode-anode findings significantly advance the microstructural design principles for next-generation Li-rich cathode materials and coatings.