Enhancement of polysaccharides production in Ganoderma lucidum by the addition of ethyl acetate extracts from Eupolyphaga sinensis and Catharsius molossus.

To screen stimulators from Chinese medicinal insects for mycelial growth and polysaccharides production of Ganoderma lucidum, G. lucidum was inoculated into the media with and without supplementation of medicinal insect extracts. The ethyl acetate extract of Eupolyphaga sinensis at 55 mg l(-1) lead to significant increase in both biomass and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) concentration from 8.53 +/- 0.41 to 14.16 +/- 0.43 and 1.28 +/- 0.09 to 2.13 +/- 0.11 g l(-1), respectively. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract of Catharsius molossus at 55 mg l(-1) significantly enhanced extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production; the EPS yield increased from 350.9 +/- 14.1 to 475.1 +/- 15.3 mg l(-1). There were no new components in the two types of polysaccharides obtained by the addition of the insect extracts.

[In vitro inhibitory efects on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion of 3 new components produced by Ganoderma lucidum in the medium contained Radix sophorae flavescentis extract].

In order to enhance the medical effects of Ganoderma lucidum submergedly cultured broth, the aqueous extract of Radix sophorae flavescentis, a traditional Chinese medicine, was added into the cultivation medium of G. lucidum. The organic acids were extracted with ethanol, chloroform, 5% NaHCO3 and chloroform in turn from the cultured broth of Ganoderma lucidum which cultivation medium contained Radix sophorae flavescentis extract. Six new components were separated from the organic acids with preparative HPLC. Their inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion of HBV DNA transferred HepG2 cell (2.2.15 cell) were investigated. The results indicate that 3 components of the six have significant inhibitory effects on the antigen secretion.

[The process of Chinese medicine by submerged fermentation of pharmaceutical fungi].

The progress of Chinese medicine modernization is slow in china, and one of the reason is the dated process method. The fermentation technology of pharmaceutical fungi is more and more perfect. To process Chinese medicine by pharmaceutical fungi could enhance the effective density of active ingredient in Chinese medicine, and the fungi could produce a variety of active secondary metabolite, moreover, some compounds in Chinese medicine could be bio-transformed to produce new compound by pharmaceutical fungi in the fermentation. So process Chinese medicine by pharmaceutical fungi could produce de novo Chinese medicine preparations which include a variety of bioactive compounds, and it is suitable to produce in a large scale and convenient to control the quality. To process Chinese medicine by submerged fermentation of pharmaceutical fungi provides a new process method for Chinese medicine.

Enhancement of mycelial growth and polysaccharide production in Ganoderma lucidum (the Chinese medicinal fungus, 'Lingzhi') by the addition of ethanol.

Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol, at 1.5% (v/v), enhanced the growth and polysaccharide production of Ganoderma lucidum. Ethanol was the most effective at 1.5% (v/v) for increasing the biomass production, however, the maximal polysaccharide concentration was produced with 2% (v/v) ethanol in the medium. There was no new polysaccharide component produced by the addition of ethanol.

[Enzymatic synthesis of monoglycerides in microaqueous media by using lipase from Pseudomonus fluorescens].

Enzymatic synthesis of monoglycerides by glycerolysis of oil and fats in microaqueous solvent-free media was investigated by using lipase from pseudomonus fluorescens (PFL). Initial eutectic point(IEP) was substituted for melt point of oil and fats in Critical Temperature Theory. By investigating the glycerolysis under different IEP, it is showed that there is a relationship between composition of the oils and the yield of monoglycerides: Y = -0.0006 X3 + 0.0592 X2 - 0.8909 X + 26.753(13% < X < 76.5%), here X is the contents(W/W) of saturated fatty acid residue (C16 + C18) in the oils, Y is the yield of monoglycerides at 40 degrees C. The optimum isothermal reaction conditions for a system which IEP is 40 degrees C are: 40 degrees C, 3%-4.5% (W/W) water in glycerol, dosage of lipase is 500 u/g oil when the mole ratio of glycerol to oil is 2.5:1. The highest yield of monoglycerides is 81.4% in 48 h by means of programming temperature reaction.

[Synthesis of partial glycerol caprates by using lipase in nonaqueous media].

Enzymatic esterification by reacting caparic acid with glycerol in solvent-free system was studied. Lipases from Pseudomonas fluoresces(PFL), Mucor miehei(MML) and Candida antarictica(CAL) possessed good catalytic activity. The optimal reaction conditions to convert capric acid with CAL are: 60 degrees C, 20-100 u of CAL per gram capric acid, 12% (W/W) of initial water content in glycerol. CAL does not express its 1,3-specificity in final product. Mechanical fraying denatured CAL partly. 96.4% of catalytic activity of CAL recovered after 5 batches of reaction. Extraction with sodium carbonate solution can decrease acid value of product from 9.8 mg KOH/g to 0.68 mg KOH/g. Applying the enzymatic esterification in open system, under vacuum or dehydrating with molecular sieves all dehydrate effectively. Molar ratio of reactants does not influence the total conversion of capric acid but influences the yield of monoglyceride. With certain protocols, the reaction period could be shortened dramatically; conversion of capric acid reached 96.9% in 5 h.

The Influence of Different Physicochemical Parameters of the Solvent On The Activity and Selectivity of Lipase.

The asymmetric esterification of octanoic acid with racemic 2-octanol catalyzed by a lipase from Pseudomonas sp. was investigated in several typical solvents. It was found that the catalytic activity and the enantioselectivity of the enzyme were governed by different physicochemical parameters of the solvent employed. While the former depended on the hydrophobicity (lgP) of the solvent, by contrast the latter was a function of the dielectric constant and the dipole moment. A mechanistic model for the binding site of the enzyme was postulated to rationalize this phenomenon based on the results of the kinetic studies of the reaction in some representative solvents.