Epidemiological characteristics of injury deaths among children and adolescents in China, 2010-2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the epidemic characteristics of injury related deaths in children and adolescents aged 1-24 years old in China from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of policies and measures related to the control of injuries and deaths among children and adolescents.@*Methods@#The data were sourced from the China Death Cause Monitoring Dataset from 2010 to 2020. Annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of injury deaths in China in this age group during the period 2010 to 2020 were analyzed by Join point regression.@*Results@#From 2010 to 2020, the standardized death rate of injury showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-6.90%, t =4.58, P <0.01). The standardized death rates of male and rural injuries showed an overall downward trend, with AAPC rates of -8.37% and -7.79%( t =11.87, 10.34, P <0.01). An increasing trend was observed in the 20-24 year-old age group during 2010-2018 (APC=18.11%, t =6.50, P <0.01). The death rate from injuries was higher in males than females, and higher in rural areas compared with urban areas ( χ 2=16 483.64, 3 268.65 , P <0.01). A downward trend was observed in accidental falls and suicide, the overall standardized mortality rate of traffic accidents, accidental poisoning, fire, drowning, homicide and other injuries (AAPC=-10.22%, -6.21%, -7.50%, -7.94%, -9.01% , -10.97%, t =16.23, 7.29, 2.53, 9.32, 7.88, 4.58, P <0.05). @*Conclusion@#From 2010 to 2020, the overall injury standardized mortality rate in the 1-24 year-old age group shows a decreasing trend, but it remains at a relatively high level. Prevention efforts should be continuously strengthened, especially for urban areas, and should focus on women and those aged 20-24 years old, as well as accidental falls and suicide prevention.

Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to the bladder: A case report.

Urothelial cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of malignant tumor in the bladder, of which primary adenocarcinoma accounts for a small percentage. Secondary malignancies, in particular metastatic adenocarcinoma from the lung, are exceedingly rare, with only six cases previously reported in the literature. The present study describes the case of a 71-year-old Chinese male patient with known lung cancer for >2 years, who was diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma to the bladder. The histopathological characteristics and immunohistochemical features of the patient are reported. It was proposed that pathologists should consider the possibility of metastatic adenocarcinoma from the lung, rather than assume a diagnosis of primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder or direct invasion of adenocarcinoma from the surrounding organs. Furthermore, it is essential to determine the medical history of each patient and observe the immunohistochemical features of all tumors prior to diagnosis.

Primary mediastinal giant liposarcoma with smooth muscle and neural differentiation: A case report.

Liposarcoma has previously been described in Western studies, however, such cases are rarely reported in the mediastinum. In addition, the presence of a liposarcoma with smooth muscle and neural differentiation has not been previously reported. Thus, the present study describes the rare case of a 28-year-old Chinese male admitted to our hospital with the symptoms of chest tightness and shortness of breath due to a recurrent fibrolipoma in the mediastinum. The resected tumor measured 23 cm at its largest diameter, with histopathological and immunohistochemical features indicating a well-differentiated liposarcoma accompanied by smooth muscle and neural differentiation. Following the resection, the patient underwent radiation treatment and remains alive with no evidence of disease recurrence at two months post-surgery. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report a case of liposarcoma with smooth muscle and neural differentiation, which indicates that liposarcomas could potentially originate from stem cells. The present study highlights the fact that pathologists must carefully investigate the histopathological characteristics of liposarcomas in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis.

[Dendritic cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells pulsed with p53 induce a specific immune response against HMCC97 hepatocellular carcinoma cells].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dendritic cells induced immune response against hepatocellular carcinoma by pulsed CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells originated dendritic cells with p53 gene. METHODS: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were harvested after mobilization by chemotherapy and G-CSF. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell apheresis was induced to differentiate into dendritic cells by cytokine cocktail IL-4,GM-CSF and TNF-alpha. On day 7, dendritic cells were transfected with plasmid pEGFP-C3/p53 DNA. The CTL response triggered by p53 pulsed dendritic cells was assayed by MTT method. RESULTS: Dendritic cells originated from CD34+ cell apheresis had typical dendritic stick and expressed high level CD1a, CD11c, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR molecules. After being pulsed with p53 gene, dendritic cells expressed green fluorescence protein and immunofluorescence assay (Cy3 labeled anti-P53 antibody) showed that transfected dendritic cells emitted red fluorescence. Dendritic cells inducing CTL response against HMCC97 cells (P53 positive) and HepG2 cells (P53 negative) were assessed by MTT method. P53 pulsed dendritic cells could induce P53 specific immune response against HMCC97 cells and the cytotoxin rate was (49.3+/-4.6)% compared with pEGFP-C3 transfection group [(25.4+/-4.1)%] and control group [(24.8+/-3.8)%] (P < 0.05). However, P53 pulsed dendritic cells could not induce specific CTL against P53 expression negative HepG2 cells, which the cytotoxin rates were (30.8+/-4.6)%, (27.3+/-4.3)%, and (28.5+/-5.1)% respectively in pEGFP-C3/P53 transfection group, pEGFP-C3 transfection group and control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: P53 gene transfecting hematopoietic stem cell apheresis originated dendritic cells could induce specific CTL response against P53-expressing hepatocellular carcinoma cells. P53 may be a potential candidate for dendritic cell based immunotherapy of cancer.

Comparative analysis of DC fused with tumor cells or transfected with tumor total RNA as potential cancer vaccines against hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: DC vaccination with the use of tumor cells provides the potential to generate a polyclonal immune response to multiple known and unknown tumor Ag. Our study comparatively analyzed DC fused with tumor cells or transfected with tumor total RNA as potential cancer vaccines against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Immature DC generated from PBMC of patients with HCC were fused with HepG2-GFP (HepG2 cell line transfected stably with plasmid pEGFP-C3) cells or transfected with their total RNA. Matured DC were used to stimulate autologous T cells, and the resultant Ag-specific effector T cells were analyzed by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. RESULTS: DC were capable of further differentiation into mature DC after fusion with HepG2-GFP cells or transfection with HepG2-GFP cell total RNA, and were able to elicit specific T-cell responses in vitro. Both methods of Ag loading could result in stimulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but with the indication that fusion loading was more efficient than RNA loading in priming the Th1 response, while RNA loading was more effective in CTL priming. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that DC fused with tumor cells or transfected with tumor total RNA represent promising strategies for the development of cancer vaccines for treatment of HCC. They may have potential as an adjuvant immunotherapy for patients with HCC.

Induction of alpha-fetoprotein-specific CD4- and CD8-mediated T-cell response using RNA-transfected dendritic cells.

alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) may be a possible target for a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific vaccination. But some studies have demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs) treated with AFP become dysfunctional. So in this study, we try to transfect AFP mRNA into DCs and observe the ability of DCs to induce AFP-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We hope that AFP can be processed and presented by DCs directly, rather than released to the cultures. So there will be no AFP negative effect on the function of DCs. In the study, immature DCs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A2(+) HCC patients were transfected with AFP mRNA. Then the transfected, matured DCs were used to stimulate autologous T cells. The results showed that the expressions of membrane molecules of DCs after transfection were increased dramatically, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) p70 release in the supernatant was elevated significantly. There was only a minority of AFP release in the supernatants of transfected DCs. CTLs induced by the transfected DCs recognized HLA-matched AFP positive HepG2 cell line specifically and the AFP-specific proliferative T-cell responses could also be induced. These findings indicate that this AFP mRNA transfection strategy could generate fully functional DCs, which could induce specific T cells to recognize AFP(+) HCC cells.

Construction and expression of recombined human AFP eukaryotic expression vector.

AIM: To construct a recombined human AFP eukaryotic expression vector for the purpose of gene therapy and target therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: The full length AFP-cDNA of prokaryotic vector was digested, and subcloned to the multi-clony sites of the eukaryotic vector. The constructed vector was confirmed by enzymes digestion and electrophoresis, and the product expressed was detected by electrochemiluminescence and immunofluorescence methods. RESULTS: The full length AFP-cDNA successfully cloned to the eukaryotic vector through electrophoresis, 0.9723 IU/ml AFP antigen was detected in the supernatant of AFP-CHO by electrochemiluminescence method. Compared with the control groups, the differences were significant (P<0.05). AFP antigen molecule was observed in the plasma of AFP-CHO by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION: The recombined human AFP eukaryotic expression vector can express in CHO cell line. It provides experimental data for gene therapy and target therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.