Interface-regulated S-type core-shell PCN-224@TiO2 heterojunction for visible-light-driven generation of singlet oxygen for selective photooxidation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide.

Selective oxidation of sulfur mustard gas (HD) to non-toxic sulfoxide by the visible-light-catalyzed generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) is a promising degradation strategy. Although PCN-224 can absorb visible light, it suffers from rapid electron-hole recombination and low redox capacity, which limits the performance of HD degradation. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an excellent photocatalyst but it lacks visible-light-activity in degrading HD. In this study, PCN-224@TiO2 heterojunction with S-type core-shell structure was synthesized by in-situ growth method to prolong the visible light absorption capacity of TiO2 and inhibit the rapid recombination of PCN-224. The interface formation and internal electric field were optimized by adjusting the Zr/Ti ratio to enhance the charge transfer, redox capacity, electron-hole separation, and visible light absorption. In this study, the formation of heterojunction composites based on Zr-O-Ti linkages is demonstrated by a series of characterization methods. It is demonstrated by experiments and theoretical calculations that PCN-224@TiO2 can generate nearly 100 % 1O2 under visible light conditions without a sacrificial agent, resulting in efficient and selective oxidation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a simulant of HD, to non-toxic sulfoxide form.

A rapid quantitative UPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of key regulatory oxysterols in biological samples for liver cancer.

An UPLC-APCI-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol(7DHC) and eight oxysterols including 27-hydroxycholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol(7αOHC), 7ß-hydroxycholesterol(7ßOHC), 24S-hydroxycholesterol(24SOHC), 25-hydroxycholesterol(25OHC), 7α,24S-dihydroxycholesterol(7α,24SdiOHC), 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol(7α,25diOHC), and 7α,27-dihydroxycholesterol(7α,27diOHC). It has been used for quantitative analysis of cholesterol, 7DHC and eight oxysterols in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, plasma and tumor tissue samples. And the above compounds were extracted from the biological matrix (plasma and tissue) using liquid-liquid extraction with hexane/isopropanol after saponification to cleave the steroids from their esterified forms without further derivatization. Then cholesterol, 7DHC and oxysterols were separated on a reversed phase column (Agilent Zorbax Eclipse plus, C8) within 8min using a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in H2O and methanol and detected by an APCI triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the cholesterol, 7DHC and oxysterols ranged from 3.9ng/ml to 31.25ng/ml, and the recoveries ranged from 83.0% to 113.9%. Cholesterol, 7DHC and several oxysterols including 27OHC, 7αOHC and 7ßOHC were successfully quantified in HCC cells, plasma, tissues and urine of HCC mice. Results showed that 27OHC was at high levels in three kind of HCC cells and tumor tissues as well as plasma samples from both HepG2 and Huh7 bearing mice model，and the high levels of 27OHC in tumors were associated with HCC development. Moreover, the levels of cholesterol in HCC cells and tumor issues varied in different HCC cells and mice model. Oxysterols profiling in biological samples might provide complementary information in cancer diagnosis.

Neolignans in Magnolia officinalis as natural anti-Alzheimer's disease agents: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Magnolia officinalis, a traditional herbal medicine widely used in clinical practice, exerts antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities. Neolignans are the main active ingredients of M. officinalis and exert a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the published data on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of neolignans on AD in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were systematically reviewed (up to March 1, 2024) for pre-clinical studies. RESULTS: M. officinalis-derived neolignans (honokiol, magnolol, 4-O-methylhonokiol, and obovatol) alleviated behavioral abnormalities, including learning and cognitive impairments, in AD animal models. Mechanistically, neolignans inhibited Aß generation or aggregation, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholinesterase activity; promoted microglial phagocytosis and anti-oxidative stress; alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism, as well as anti-cholinergic deficiency; and regulated intestinal flora. Furthermore, neolignans may achieve neuroprotection by regulating different molecular pathways, including the NF-κB, ERK, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Neolignans exert anti-AD effects through multiple mechanisms and pathways. However, the exact targets, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy in patients with AD need further investigation in multi-center clinical case-control studies.

Using Mercury Stable Isotopes to Quantify Directional Soil-Atmosphere Hg(0) Exchanges in Rice Paddy Ecosystems: Implications for Hg(0) Emissions to the Atmosphere from Land Surfaces.

Gaseous elemental mercury [Hg(0)] emissions from soils constitute a large fraction of global total Hg(0) emissions. Existing studies do not distinguish biotic- and abiotic-mediated emissions and focus only on photoreduction mediated emissions, resulting in an underestimation of soil Hg(0) emissions into the atmosphere. In this study, directional mercury (Hg) reduction pathways in paddy soils were identified using Hg isotopes. Results showed significantly different isotopic compositions of Hg(0) between those produced from photoreduction (δ202Hg = -0.80 ± 0.67‰, Δ199Hg = -0.38 ± 0.18‰), microbial reduction (δ202Hg = -2.18 ± 0.25‰, Δ199Hg = 0.29 ± 0.38‰), and abiotic dark reduction (δ202Hg = -2.31 ± 0.25‰, Δ199Hg = 0.50 ± 0.22‰). Hg(0) exchange fluxes between the atmosphere and the paddy soils were dominated by emissions, with the average flux ranging from 2.2 ± 5.7 to 16.8 ± 21.7 ng m-2 h-1 during different sampling periods. Using an isotopic signature-based ternary mixing model, we revealed that photoreduction is the most important contributor to Hg(0) emissions from paddy soils. Albeit lower, microbial and abiotic dark reduction contributed up to 36 ± 22 and 25 ± 15%, respectively, to Hg(0) emissions on the 110th day. These novel findings can help improve future estimation of soil Hg(0) emissions from rice paddy ecosystems, which involve complex biotic-, abiotic-, and photoreduction processes.

Ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes the development of homocysteine-induced vascular endothelial injury through inflammation mediated by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been recognized as significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, closely related to endothelial injury. While expression of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) significantly increases during Hcy-induced vascular endothelial cell injury, the precise molecular pathways through which CNTF operates remain to be clarified. To induce vascular endothelial cell injury, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with Hcy. Cell viability and apoptosis in HUVECs were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis determined the expression levels of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway, inflammation-related factors (IL-1ß, NLRP3, ICAM-1, VCAM-1), and apoptosis-related factors (cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax). Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were employed to examine CD31 and α-SMA expression. Knockdown of CNTF was achieved using lentiviral interference, and its effects on inflammation and cell injury were evaluated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter analysis were conducted to investigate the interaction between the MAFK and CNTF promoters. Our results indicated that Hcy induced high expression of CNTF and activated the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby upregulating factors associated with inflammation and cell apoptosis. Inhibiting CNTF alleviated Hcy-induced inflammation and cell injury. MAFK was identified as a transcription factor promoting CNTF transcription, and its overexpression exacerbated inflammation and cell injury in Hcy-treated HUVECs through the CNTF-JAK2-STAT3 axis, which could be reversed by knocking down CNTF. Activation of MAFK leads to CNTF upregulation, which activates the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, regulating inflammation and inducing injury in Hcy-exposed vascular endothelial cells. Targeting CNTF or its upstream regulator MAFK may represent potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating endothelial dysfunction associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Analyzing the factors affecting virus invasion by quantitative single-particle analysis.

Viral diseases are among the main threats to public health. Understanding the factors affecting viral invasion is important for antiviral research. Until now, it was known that most viruses have very low plaque-forming unit (PFU)-to-particle ratios. However, further investigation is required to determine the underlying factors. Here, using quantitative single-particle analysis methods, the invasion of Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and influenza A virus (IAV) containing attachment to the cell surface, entry into the cell, transport towards the cell interior, and fusion with endosomes to release nucleocapsids were quantitatively analysed in parallel. It was found that for SFV with an PFU-to-particle ratio of approximately 1:2, an entry efficiency of approximately 31% limited infection. For JEV, whose PFU-to-particle ratio was approximately 1:310, an attachment efficiency of approximately 27% and an entry efficiency of 10% were the main factors limiting its infection. Meanwhile, for IAV with PFU-to-particle ratios of 1:8100, 5% attachment efficiency, 9% entry efficiency, and 53% fusion efficiency significantly limited its infection. These results suggest that viruses with different infectivities have different limited steps in the invasion process. Moreover, there are significant differences in attachment efficiencies among viruses, emphasizing the pivotal role of attachment in viral invasion. The influence of the virus purification method on virus invasion was also investigated. This study, for the first time, reports the efficiencies of different stages of virus invasion, leading to a better understanding of virus invasion and providing a protocol to quantitatively analyse the virus invasion efficiency.

The Improved Antineoplastic Activity of Thermophilic L-Asparaginase Tli10209 via Site-Directed Mutagenesis.

Amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) is a novel anticancer therapy, considered nontoxic and selective. Thermophilic L-asparaginase enzymes display high stability and activity at elevated temperatures. However, they are of limited use in clinical applications because of their low substrate affinity and reduced activity under physiological conditions, which may necessitate an improved dosage, leading to side effects and greater costs. Thus, in an attempt to improve the activity of L-Asn at 37 °C, with the use of a semi-rational design, eight active-site mutants of Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473 L-asparaginase Tli10209 were developed. T70A exhibited a 5.11-fold increase compared with the wild enzyme in physiological conditions. Double-mutant enzymes were created by combining mutants with higher hydrolysis activity. T70A/F36Y, T70A/K48L, and T70A/D50G were enhanced by 5.59-, 6.38-, and 5.58-fold. The immobilized enzyme applied in MCF-7 breast cancer cells only required one-seventh of the dose of the free enzyme to achieve the same inhibition rate under near-infrared irradiation. This provides a proof of concept that it is possible to reduce the consumption of L-Asn by improving its activity, thus providing a method to manage side effects.

Maternal Hypermethylated Genes Contribute to Intrauterine Growth Retardation of Piglets in Rongchang Pigs.

The placenta is a crucial determinant of fetal survival, growth, and development. Deficiency in placental development directly causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). IUGR can lead to fetal growth restriction and an increase in the mortality rate. The genetic mechanisms underlying IUGR development, however, remain unclear. In the present study, we integrated whole-genome DNA methylation and transcriptomic analyses to determine distinct gene expression patterns in various placental tissues to identify pivotal genes that are implicated with IUGR development. By performing RNA-sequencing analysis, 1487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 737 upregulated and 750 downregulated genes, were identified in IUGR pigs (H_IUGR) compared with that in normal birth weight pigs (N_IUGR) (p < 0.05); furthermore, 77 miRNAs, 1331 lncRNAs, and 61 circRNAs were differentially expressed. The protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that among these DEGs, the genes GNGT1, ANXA1, and CDC20 related to cellular developmental processes and blood vessel development were the key genes associated with the development of IUGR. A total of 495,870 differentially methylated regions were identified between the N_IUGR and H_IUGR groups, which included 25,053 differentially methylated genes (DMEs); moreover, the overall methylation level was higher in the H_IUGR group than in the N_IUGR group. Combined analysis showed an inverse correlation between methylation levels and gene expression. A total of 1375 genes involved in developmental processes, tissue development, and immune system regulation exhibited methylation differences in gene expression levels in the promoter regions and gene ontology regions. Five genes, namely, ANXA1, ADM, NRP2, SHH, and SMAD1, with high methylation levels were identified as potential contributors to IUGR development. These findings provide valuable insights that DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and mammalian development and that DNA-hypermethylated genes contribute to IUGR development in Rongchang pigs.

Metal-Free C60-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Drives Red-Light Photocatalysis.

The pursuit of novel strategies for synthesizing high-performance nanostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered increasing scholarly attention in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, we have successfully designed a metal-free photocatalyst by integrating mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) and C60 through a straightforward and innovative method, marking the first instance of such an achievement. Under red light, the C60/mpg-C3N4 composite exhibited a significantly accelerated rhodamine B (RhB) photodecomposition rate, surpassing bulk g-C3N4 by more than 25.8 times and outperforming pure mpg-C3N4 by 7.8 times. The synergistic effect of C60 and the mesoporous structure significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 by adjusting its electronic structure, broadening the light absorption range, increasing the active sites, and reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. This work presents a promising avenue for harnessing a metal-free, stable, efficient photocatalyst driven by red light, with potential for enhancing solar energy utilization in environmental remediation.

Association of C-reactive protein with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with gout.

AIMS: To test the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with gout. METHODS: This cohort study included 502 participants with gout from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were utilized to examine the association of CRP levels with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. RESULTS: After adjusting for multiple variables, Cox regression analysis showed that compared with individuals in the lowest tertile of CRP levels, those in the middle and highest tertiles experienced increases in all-cause mortality risk of 74.2% and 149.7%, respectively. Similarly, the cancer mortality risk for individuals in the highest tertile of CRP levels increased by 283.9%. In addition, for each standard deviation increase in CRP, the risks of all-cause and cancer mortality increased by 25.9% and 35.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association between CRP levels and all-cause mortality remained significant across subgroups of age (≤ 60 and > 60 years), gender (male), presence or absence of hypertension, non-diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular disease and non-cancer. Furthermore, the association with cancer mortality was significant in subgroups including males, those without hypertension and cancer, and those with or without diabetes. However, the association with cardiovascular mortality was only significant in the non-hypertension subgroup (P < 0.05). Nonlinear association of CRP with all-cause mortality and linear association with cancer mortality were also confirmed (P for nonlinearity = 0.008 and 0.135, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CRP levels were associated with increased all-cause and cancer mortality among individuals with gout.

Characterisation and Expression Analysis of LdSERK1, a Somatic Embryogenesis Gene in Lilium davidii var. unicolor.

The Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is a variant of the Sichuan lily of the lily family and is a unique Chinese 'medicinal and food' sweet lily. Somatic cell embryogenesis of Lilium has played an important role in providing technical support for germplasm conservation, bulb propagation and improvement of genetic traits. Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERKs) are widely distributed in plants and have been shown to play multiple roles in plant life, including growth and development, somatic embryogenesis and hormone induction. Integrating the results of KEGG enrichment, GO annotation and gene expression analysis, a lily LdSERK1 gene was cloned. The full-length open reading frame of LdSERK1 was 1875 bp, encoding 624 amino acids. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that LdSERK1 was highly similar to rice, maize and other plant SERKs. The results of the subcellular localisation in the onion epidermis suggested that the LdSERK1 protein was localised at the cell membrane. Secondly, we established the virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) system in lily scales, and the results of LdSERK1 silencing by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) showed that, with the down-regulation of LdSERK1 expression, the occurrence of somatic embryogenesis and callus tissue induction in scales was significantly reduced. Finally, molecular assays from overexpression of the LdSERK1 gene in Arabidopsis showed that LdSERK1 expression was significantly enhanced in the three transgenic lines compared to the wild type, and that the probability of inducing callus tissue in seed was significantly higher than that of the wild type at a concentration of 2 mg/L 2,4-D, which was manifested by an increase in the granularity of the callus tissue.

Intervention of computer-assisted cognitive training combined with occupational therapy in people with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Investigate the impact of combined computerized cognitive training and occupational therapy on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We randomly assigned 118 MCI patients into two groups: a combined intervention group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 81), the latter receiving standard nursing care. The intervention group additionally underwent 12 weeks of computerized cognitive training and occupational therapy. Blind assessors evaluated cognitive performance, anxiety, depression, and daily living activities before the intervention, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the sMoCA scores, HAMA scores, and ADL scores of the experimental group at T2 (post-intervention) and T3 (3-month follow-up) were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.026). Conclusion: Computerized cognitive training combined with occupational therapy can improve patients' cognitive status, enhance their compliance with continuing care, and maintain their anxiety and self-care ability at a stable level. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html, identifier ChiCTR2200065014.

Impact of fast-track surgery-oriented care pathways on perioperative rehabilitation indices in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Fast-Track Surgery (FTS)-oriented care pathways on perioperative rehabilitation indicators in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. METHODS: The clinical data of 120 patients admitted to Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer from September 2020 to October 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a control group (n=60, receiving standard care) and an FTS group (n=60 patients receiving FTS-oriented care) according to different nursing methods. The perioperative rehabilitation indices were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The FTS group exhibited shorter hospitalization duration (P=0.001), postoperative anal exhaust time (P=0.012), drain removal time (P=0.007), gastrointestinal recovery time (P=0.008), and a lower total complication rate (P=0.016) compared to the control group. The scores of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (P=0.001, P=0.003, P=0.015) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (P=0.011, P=0.005, P=0.007) at 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively were significantly lower in the FTS group than in the control group. Hospitalization cost (P=0.002) and medication expenses (P=0.016) were notably lower in the FTS group. During a 12-month follow-up, the FTS group showed a significantly lower complication rates (3.33%) compared to the control group (18.33%) (P=0.009). CONCLUSION: The application of FTS-oriented nursing pathway in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer significantly enhances postoperative rehabilitation, reduces pain, lowers hospitalization and medication costs, and improves postoperative quality of life, which contributes positively to the nurse-patient relationship and patient outcome.

Global, regional, and national health inequalities of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in 204 countries, 1990-2019.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), pose growing global health challenges. Socio-demographic and economic development acts paradoxically, complicating the process that determines how governments worldwide designate policies and allocate resources for healthcare. METHODS: We extracted data on ADRD and PD in 204 countries from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Health disparities were estimated using the slope index of inequality (SII), and concentration index (CIX) based on the socio-demographic index. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were employed to evaluate temporal trends. RESULTS: Globally, the SII increased from 255.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 215.2 to 295.5)] in 1990 to 559.3 (95% CI, 497.2 to 621.3) in 2019 for ADRD, and grew from 66.0 (95% CI, 54.9 to 77.2) in 1990 to 132.5 (95% CI, 118.1 to 147.0) in 2019 for PD; CIX rose from 33.7 (95% CI, 25.8 to 41.6) in 1990 to 36.9 (95% CI, 27.8 to 46.1) in 2019 for ADRD, and expanded from 22.2 (95% CI, 21.3 to 23.0) in 1990 to 29.0 (95% CI, 27.8 to 30.3) in 2019 for PD. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years displayed considerable upward trends for ADRD [EAPC = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.59)] and PD [0.34 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.38)]. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, the burden of ADRD and PD continues to increase with growing health disparities. Variations in health inequalities and the impact of socioeconomic development on disease trends underscored the need for targeted policies and strategies, with heightened awareness, preventive measures, and active management of risk factors.

Associations between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: evidence from two national cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the longitudinal association between eating alone and depressive symptoms, and have focused on the effect of eating alone transition. This study aims to explore the longitudinal association between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms among two national surveys using a cohort study design. METHODS: The participants aged ≥ 45 years were recruited for the 2016 to 2018 waves China Family Panel Data (CFPS) and 2015 to 2018 waves China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Eating alone was assessed by self-reported. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cox hazard regression was used to explore the associations between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: A total of 21,476 participants were included in this study. The Cox model showed that compared with commensality, eating alone was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, both in the CFPS, CHARLS and pooled analysis. In addition, compared with commensality consistently, the transition from commensality to alone and eating alone consistently were associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. The sensitivity analyses showed that the association remained robust. CONCLUSIONS: Eating alone and a change from commensality to eating alone were associated with higher risks of depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults in two cohorts. This study suggested that providing eating partners may be an effective intervention method to prevent depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.

Necrotizing enterocolitis in a term newborn after spontaneous cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and intracranial hemorrhage are severe emergencies in the neonatal period. The two do not appear to be correlated. However, our report suggests that parenchymal brain hemorrhage in full-term newborns may put patients at risk for NEC by altering intestinal function through the brain-gut axis. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of spontaneous parenchymal cerebral hemorrhage in a full-term newborn who developed early-stage NEC on Day 15. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to consider brain parenchymal hemorrhage as a risk factor for the appearance of NEC. Clinicians should be highly cautious about NEC in infants who have experienced parenchymal hemorrhage. This article is the first to discuss the relationship between parenchymal hemorrhage and NEC in full-term newborns.

Cancer patients' perceptions of the meaning in life: a protocol for a meta-synthesis of qualitative research.

INTRODUCTION: The onset of cancer compels patients to grapple with existential questions. Enabling individuals with cancer, irrespective of the disease stage, to experience meaningful lives is of utmost importance in enhancing their overall quality of life. This study will synthesise qualitative research evidence to understand cancer patients' perceptions and perspectives regarding their meaning in life. Such insights ultimately contribute to enhancing the profound experience of meaning throughout the life course of cancer patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The English and Chinese databases we will search include the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMbase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Two independent reviewers will assess the quality of the included studies using the standard JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research and extract data using the standard JBI Data Extraction Tool for Qualitative Research. The JBI meta-aggregation approach will be employed to compare, analyse and summarise the original results. To enhance confidence in the synthesised results of the qualitative study, the final synthesised study results will be graded using the JBI ConQual approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: External ethical approval is not necessary for this review since it involves a retrospective analysis of publicly available primary data through secondary analysis. The findings of the review will be disseminated by publishing them in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023447664.

Cryoprotective Activity of Different Characterized Fractions Isolated from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Croceine Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea).

In this study, ultrafiltration fractions (<3 k Da, LMH; >3 k Da, HMH) and solid-phase extraction fractions (hydrophilic hydrolysate, HIH; hydrophobic hydrolysate, HOH) from trypsin hydrolysate purified from croceine croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) isolate were obtained to investigate the cryoprotective effects of the different fractions, achieved by means of maceration of turbot fish meat after three freeze-thaw cycles. Alterations in the texture, color, moisture loss, myofibrillar protein oxidation stability and conformation, and microstructure of the fish were analyzed after freezing and thawing. The results demonstrate that HIH maximized the retention of fish texture, reduced moisture loss, minimized the oxidation and aggregation of myofibrillar proteins, and stabilized the secondary and tertiary structures of myofibrillar proteins compared to the control group. In conclusion, the HIH component in the trypsin hydrolysates of croceine croaker significantly contributes to minimizing freeze damage in fish meat and acts as an anti-freezing agent with high industrial application potential.

Construction of logic gate computation for the assay of the nerve agent sarin based on an AChE-based dual-channel sensing system.

Nerve agents have posed a huge threat to national and human security, and their sensitive detection is crucial. Herein, based on the oxidation of Ce4+ and the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of glutathione-protected gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs), a cascade reaction was designed to prepare oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB) and GSH-Au NCs crosslinked by Ce3+ (Ce3+-GSH-Au NCs). oxTMB had a broad UV-visible absorption range (500-700 nm) and was capable of quenching the fluorescence of Ce3+-GSH-Au NCs at 590 nm through the internal filtration effect (IFE). Thiocholine (TCh), the hydrolysis product of acetylthiocholine chloride (ATCl) catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reduced oxTMB completely, resulting in a decrease in the absorption of oxTMB and the recovery of IFE-quenched fluorescence of Ce3+-GSH-Au NCs. Nerve agent sarin (GB) hindered the production of TCh and the reduction of oxTMB by inhibiting the AChE activity, leading to the fluorescence of Ce3+-GSH-Au NCs being quenched again. The dual-output sensing system (AChE + ATCl + oxTMB + Ce3+-GSH-Au NCs) exhibited a low limit of detection to GB (2.46 nM for colorimetry and 1.18 nM for fluorimetry) and excellent selectivity toward common interferences being unable to inhibit AChE. Moreover, the intelligent logic gate constructed based on the sensing system showed promising applications in the field of smart sensing of nerve agents.