ABSTRACT
Although aberrant alveolar myofibroblasts (AMYFs) proliferation and differentiation are often associated with abnormal lung development and diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), epigenetic mechanisms regulating proliferation and differentiation of AMYFs remain poorly understood. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) is the only reported type III enzyme responsible for monomethylation of arginine residue on both histone and nonhistone substrates. Here we provide evidence for PRMT7's function in regulating AMYFs proliferation and differentiation during lung alveologenesis. In PRMT7-deficient mice, we found reduced AMYFs proliferation and differentiation, abnormal elastin deposition, and failure of alveolar septum formation. We further shown that oncogene forkhead box M1 (Foxm1) is a direct target of PRMT7 and that PRMT7-catalyzed monomethylation at histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3me1) directly associate with chromatin of Foxm1 to activate its transcription, and thereby regulate of cell cycle-related genes to inhibit AMYFs proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of Foxm1 in isolated myofibroblasts (MYFs) significantly rescued PRMT7-deficiency-induced cell proliferation and differentiation defects. Thus, our results reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism through which PRMT7-mediated histone arginine monomethylation activates Foxm1 transcriptional expression to regulate AMYFs proliferation and differentiation during lung alveologenesis and may represent a potential target for intervention in pulmonary diseases.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Forkhead Box Protein M1/metabolism , Myofibroblasts/cytology , Myofibroblasts/metabolism , Organogenesis , Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism , Pulmonary Alveoli/embryology , Actins/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Elastin/metabolism , Epigenesis, Genetic , Gene Deletion , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Mesoderm/embryology , Mice , Models, Biological , Organ Specificity , Organogenesis/genetics , Phenotype , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Protein Binding , Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/deficiency , Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
B cells are the center of humoral immunity and produce Abs to protect against foreign Ags. B cell defects lead to diseases such as leukemia and lymphomas. Histone arginine methylation is important for regulating gene activation and silencing in cells. Although the process commonly exists in mammalian cells, its roles in B cells are unknown. To explore the effects of aberrant histone arginine methylation on B cells, we generated mice with a B cell-specific knockout of PRMT7, a member of the methyltransferases that mediate arginine methylation of histones. In this article, we showed that the loss of PRMT7 led to decreased mature marginal zone B cells and increased follicular B cells and promoted germinal center formation after immunization. Furthermore, mice lacking PRMT7 expression in B cells secreted low levels of IgG1 and IgA. Abnormal expression of germinal center genes (i.e., Bcl6, Prdm1, and Irf4) was detected in conditional knockout mice. By overexpressing PRMT7 in the Raji and A20 cell lines derived from B cell lymphomas, we validated the fact that PRMT7 negatively regulated Bcl6 expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR, we found that PRMT7 could recruit H4R3me1 and symmetric H4R3me2 to the Bcl6 promoter. These results provide evidence for the important roles played by PRMT7 in germinal center formation.
