Bi-layered nanofibrous membrane with osteogenic and antibacterial functions for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have great potential to promote periodontal tissue regeneration and reestablishment. However, the regeneration potential and microbial infection resistance of current GTR membranes still need to be improved. Here, a bi-layered nanofibrous membrane on the basis of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/gelatin with osteogenic and antibacterial functions was fabricated for periodontal tissue regeneration. The antimicrobial layer (AL) of the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane was composed of nanofibrous PLGA/gelatin nanofibers loaded with nano-silver (nAg), while the osteoconductive layer (OL) of the nanofibrous membrane consisted of PLGA/gelatin nanofibers loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA). The bi-layered nanofibrous membrane was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results showed that nHA and nAg particles were well evenly loaded or embedded in PLGA/gelatin nanofibers. The cell culture experiments suggested that the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane possessed good cytocompatibility and the OL of the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane possessed an enhanced osteogenic capacity for human osteoblast-like cells (MG63), which was verified by the good cell viability and the increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, respectively. The results of in vitro antimicrobial study displayed that the AL of the bi-layered nanofibrous membrane possessed an effective antibacterial capability. In conclusion, the prepared bi-layered nanofibrous membrane with osteogenic and antibacterial functions may have great potential for periodontal tissue regeneration and reestablishment.[Formula: see text].

In-Situ Isothermal Crystallization of Poly(l-lactide).

The isothermal crystallization of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) has been investigated by in-situ wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarized optical microscopes (POM) equipped with a hot-stage accessory. Results showed that the spherulites of PLLA were formed at high temperature, whereas irregular morphology was observed under a low temperature. This can be attributed to the varying rates of crystallization of PLLA at different temperatures. At low temperatures, the nucleation rate is fast and hence the chains diffuse very slow, resulting in the formation of imperfect crystals. On the other hand, at high temperatures, the nucleation rate is slow and the chains diffuse fast, leading to the formation of perfect crystals. The change in the value of the Avrami exponent with temperature further verifies the varying trend in the morphological feature of the crystals.

Gold nanoparticle-polymer nanocomposites synthesized by room temperature atmospheric pressure plasma and their potential for fuel cell electrocatalytic application.

Conductive polymers have been increasingly used as fuel cell catalyst support due to their electrical conductivity, large surface areas and stability. The incorporation of metal nanoparticles into a polymer matrix can effectively increase the specific surface area of these materials and hence improve the catalytic efficiency. In this work, a nanoparticle loaded conductive polymer nanocomposite was obtained by a one-step synthesis approach based on room temperature direct current plasma-liquid interaction. Gold nanoparticles were directly synthesized from HAuCl4 precursor in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The resulting AuNPs/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites were subsequently characterized under a practical alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell operation condition for its potential application as an electrocatalyst. Results show that AuNPs sizes within the PEDOT:PSS matrix are dependent on the plasma treatment time and precursor concentration, which in turn affect the nanocomposites electrical conductivity and their catalytic performance. Under certain synthesis conditions, unique nanoscale AuNPs/PEDOT:PSS core-shell structures could also be produced, indicating the interaction at the AuNPs/polymer interface. The enhanced catalytic activity shown by AuNPs/PEDOT:PSS has been attributed to the effective electron transfer and reactive species diffusion through the porous polymer network, as well as the synergistic interfacial interaction at the metal/polymer and metal/metal interfaces.

Equilibrium Melting Temperature of Polymorphic Poly(l-lactide) and Its Supercooling Dependence on Growth Kinetics.

In this study, the isothermal crystallization process of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) has been investigated using in situ XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). Linear and nonlinear extrapolation methods have been deployed to estimate the equilibrium melting temperature ( T m 0 ), which is used for analyzing the supercooling dependence of the PLLA spherulitic growth rate (G). A double-melting behavior observed for PLLA under crystallization Tc < 120 °C has been attributed to the formation of both α' and α crystals. The T m 0 values of both α' and α crystals have been evaluated using the linear method (172.8 °C) and nonlinear method (196.4 °C), with the nonlinear estimate being 23.6 °C higher. A discontinuity in the temperature dependence of spherulite growth rate is observed around 128.3 °C. Regime II⁻III transition is found to occur at 128.3 °C when T m 0 = 196.4 °C as estimated by the nonlinear extrapolation method.

Microplasma Processed Ultrathin Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Polymer Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Transport Performance.

This Research Article reports on the enhancement of the thermal transport properties of nanocomposite materials containing hexagonal boron nitride in poly(vinyl alcohol) through room-temperature atmospheric pressure direct-current microplasma processing. Results show that the microplasma treatment leads to exfoliation of the hexagonal boron nitride in isopropyl alcohol, reducing the number of stacks from >30 to a few or single layers. The thermal diffusivity of the resulting nanocomposites reaches 8.5 mm(2) s(-1), 50 times greater than blank poly(vinyl alcohol) and twice that of nanocomposites containing nonplasma treated boron nitride nanosheets. From TEM analysis, we observe much less aggregation of the nanosheets after plasma processing along with indications of an amorphous carbon interfacial layer, which may contribute to stable dispersion of boron nitride nanosheets in the resulting plasma treated colloids.

Enhanced Dispersion of TiO2 Nanoparticles in a TiO2/PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Nanocomposite via Plasma-Liquid Interactions.

A facile method to synthesize a TiO2/PEDOT:PSS hybrid nanocomposite material in aqueous solution through direct current (DC) plasma processing at atmospheric pressure and room temperature has been demonstrated. The dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles is enhanced and TiO2/polymer hybrid nanoparticles with a distinct core shell structure have been obtained. Increased electrical conductivity was observed for the plasma treated TiO2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite. The improvement in nanocomposite properties is due to the enhanced dispersion and stability in liquid polymer of microplasma treated TiO2 nanoparticles. Both plasma induced surface charge and nanoparticle surface termination with specific plasma chemical species are proposed to provide an enhanced barrier to nanoparticle agglomeration and promote nanoparticle-polymer binding.