Efficacy of cutting balloon angioplasty versus high-pressure balloon angioplasty for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula stenoses in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess and compare the therapeutic outcomes of cutting balloon angioplasty and high-pressure balloon angioplasty for arteriovenous fistula stenosis in hemodialysis patients. All studies indexed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Web of Science were retrieved. The retrieval deadline was July 15, 2023. Risk of bias 2.0 was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Revman 5.4 software was used for data analysis. This review included three studies and 180 patients, with 90 patients in the cutting balloon angioplasty group and 90 patients in the high-pressure balloon angioplasty group. The results of the meta-analysis suggested that compared with high-pressure balloon angioplasty, cutting balloon angioplasty can improve primary lesion patency rates of internal arteriovenous fistulas at 6 months (relative risk, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.96; P = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences between the technical success rate (relative risk, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.05; P = 0.72) and clinical success rate (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.07; P = 0.73). Therefore, cutting balloon angioplasty is likely to increase primary lesion patency rates at 6 months. However, more high-quality, large-sample, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are needed for further validation due to the limited number of included studies.

Nrf2 protein in melanoma progression, as a new means of treatment.

Melanoma is a potentially lethal form of skin cancer resulting from the unlimited proliferation of melanocytes. Melanocytic lineage appears to have a greater rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, possibly as a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light and the production of melanin. It has been established that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) serves as a master regulator of the cellular response to oxidative stresses. Recent research has shown that the Nrf2 and its critical negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) are misregulated in melanoma, and the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway has emerged as a promising new target for treating and preventing melanoma. In melanoma, Nrf2 may either limit tumor growth or promote its development. This review covers a wide range of topics, including the dual functions played by the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in melanoma and the most recent targeting techniques of the Nrf2.

Template-assisted Fabrication of O-doped CoP Microflowers with Optimal Electronic Modulation for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution.

Exploring efficient, affordable and stable electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great scientific significance for the practical implementation of the water splitting. The heteroatom doping represents a serviceable strategy to further elevate the catalytic performance for a transition metal-based electrocatalyst because of the electronic regulation effect. Herein, a reliable self-sacrificial template-engaged approach is proposed to synthesize O-doped CoP (denoted as O-CoP) microflowers, which simultaneously considers the regualtion of electronic configuration via anion doping and sufficient exposure of active sites via nanostructure engineering. The suitable O incorporation content in CoP matrix could tremendously modify the electronic configuration, accelerate the charge transfer, promote the exposure of active sites, strengthen the electrical conductivity, and adjust the adsorption state of H*. Consequently, the optimized O-CoP microflowers with optimal O concentration display a remarkable HER property with a small overpotential of 125 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm-2 , a low Tafel slope of 68 mV dec-1 and long-term durability for 32 h under alkaline electrolyte, manifesting a considerable potential application for hydrogen production at large scale. The integration of anion incorporation and architecture engineering in this work will bring in a depth insight for the design of low-cost and effective electrocatalysts in energy conversion and storage systems.

[Academic characteristics of contemporary famous traditional Chinese medicine experts and schools in treatment of chronic renal failure based on SrTO].

According to the systematic review of text and opinion(SrTO) developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI), this study integrated the evidence of the medical cases, papers, medical experience, and other related research of famous experts and schools on the treatment of chronic renal failure in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nephropathy, analyzed the academic characteristics and influencing factors from the aspects of the principle, method, recipe, and medicines, and explored the internal logic and law of inheritance and innovation in TCM nephropathy. A total of 36 famous TCM experts and 4 schools were included. The work areas are concentrated in North and South China. 94.0% of the famous TCM experts have experienced master-disciple teaching. 27.8% have studied TCM through family succession. 38.9% have been taught by multiple famous teachers. And 5.6% have not experienced master-disciple teaching. In terms of principle, method, recipe, and medicines, many innovations have been made, with 30.6% of famous TCM experts proposing new theories, 11.1% advocating staged treatment of chronic renal failure, and 47.2% summarizing the treatment methods. The formation of the academic thoughts of contemporary famous TCM experts and schools on the treatment of chronic renal failure is closely related to the learning mode, era, and work area. Contemporary famous TCM experts and schools have the academic characteristics of combining classical and clinical theories and paying more attention to TCM with western medicine supplemented. The field of TCM nephropathy has the characteristics of simultaneous inheritance and innovation. On the basis of inheriting the classical theories of TCM, it absorbs modern medical theories, combines clinical diagnosis with the syndrome and treatment law of contemporary diseases, and makes innovations in principle, method, recipe, and medicines, which has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic renal failure.

Effects and safety of Ophiocordyceps sinensis preparation in the adjuvant treatment for dialysis patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Ophiocordyceps sinensis(O. sinensis), a genus of ascomycete fungi, has been intensively studied in various disease models, which is a rich source of various bioactive compounds and used in the treatment for end-stage renal disease patients. This systematic review highlights the therapeutic roles of O. sinensis as adjuvant treatment for dialysis patients with clinical evidence. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The systematic review will be performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The protocol is being reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols Statement. An literature search strategy will be developed and adapted for 9 databases. Searches will be run from the database inception until the date of the search implementation and be updated before the review is completed. Randomized controlled trials that investigate the effects of O. sinensis for dialysis patients (peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis) will be included. We will focus on outcomes recommended by the core outcome measures in effectiveness trials, including mortality, cardiovascular disease, infection, vascular access problems, dialysis adequacy, hyperkalaemia, life participation. Two researchers will independently screen the studies, extract data and evaluate study quality using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Subgroup analysis will be performed according to peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted based on the Leave-1-Out Method. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to rate the quality of the evidence. Meta analysis will be performed using Review Manager 5.3 and R packages. OBJECTIVES: Studies have reported positive results of O. sinensis as adjuvant treatment for patients with dialysis. This review will synthesis current evidence on how O. sinensis can improve dialysis. Thus, it is expected that robust and conclusive evidence of the effects of O. sinensis during or after treatment can be obtained. These findings can inform future research and the selection of O. sinensis to promote quality of life for people with dialysis.

Weight gain promotes the progression of IgA nephropathy in Asians: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between weight gain and progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been investigated by many researchers but remains controversial. The incidence of IgAN is significantly higher in Asia than in other regions. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between weight gain and primary IgAN in the Asian population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Seven databases were retrieved up to now. We stratified the included population by body mass index (BMI) and performed a meta-analysis of associated risk factors. OBJECTIVES: In this study, Asian IgAN patients with different BMI were grouped together to clarify the relationship between BMI and IgAN progression in Asian populations, so as to provide more ideas and treatment means for the prevention and treatment of IgAN in the future.

One-Pot Synthesis of Pt Nanobowls Assembled from Ultrafine Nanoparticles for Methanol Oxidation Reaction.

Simultaneously engineering a bowl-like and ultrafine nano-size structure offers an attractive route to not only increase the utilization efficiency of noble metals, the specific surface areas and the availability of active sites, but also boost the structural robustness and long-term stability. However, a great challenge remains in terms of the methods of synthesis. Herein, we report a facile one-pot hydrothermal method for the preparation of hollow porous Pt nanobowls (NBs) assembled from ultrafine particles. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) acts as a structure-directing agent that forms a self-template with Pt ions and drives the nucleation and assembly of Pt metals, resulting in the fabrication of Pt NBs from ultrafine particles. By virtue of their unique structure and morphology, the optimized Pt NBs exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity with 3.1-fold greater mass activity and 2.6-fold greater specific activities compared with those of commercial Pt black catalysts, as well as excellent stability and anti-poisoning ability.

Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Animal Model of IgA Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in the treatment of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). A large number of animal experiments focused on the TCM treatment of IgAN are conducted every year. The evidence for these preclinical studies is not clear. This study summarized and evaluated the results of animal experiments on TCM treatment for IgAN. Methods: We systematically searched animal studies from 6 databases from inception to August 30, 2022. We included Chinese studies from the key magazine of China technology. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with the SYRCLE animal experimental bias risk assessment tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Out of 832 records identified in the initial search, 30 studies were selected. The results indicated that, compared with the control group, the TCM treatment group improved 24 h urine protein (24 h-UP) level (standardized mean difference (SMD) 3.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.48 to 2.66, P < 0.001), urine red blood cell (U-RBC) (SMD 13.66, 95% CI 17.99 to 9.32, P < 0.001), serum creatinine (Scr) (mean difference (MD) 10.89, 95% CI 17.00 to 4.77, P < 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (MD 2.44, 95% CI 3.42 to 1.47, P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (MD 171.28 to 95% CI 323.68 to 18.88, P=0.03), transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß) (SMD 4.02, 95% CI 7.26 to 0.77, P=0.02), matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1(MMP-9/TIMP-1) (MD 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.06, P=0.02), nephrin mRNA (SMD 3.39, 95% CI 2.59 to 4.18, P < 0.001). However, there is no difference in albumin level (MD 1.10, 95% CI 0.06 to 2.26, P=0.06) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (MD 170.77, 95% CI 365.3 to 23.75, P=0.09). Conclusions: TCM can improve 24 h-UP, U-RBC, Scr, BUN, MMP-9/TIMP-1, TNF-α, TGF-ß, and nephrin mRNA of IgAN animal models. Moreover, there is a need for rigorous reporting of preclinical research methodology, which is essential to support the quality of preclinical research. Registration. This review was registered with a systematic review record CRD42020171404 in the PROSPERO database.

Efficacy and safety of colonic dialysis combined with traditional Chinese medicine retention enema in the treatment of chronic renal failure: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a major public health problem worldwide nowadays. It is characterized by a slow reduction in kidney function identified by an increase of serum creatinine levels and a reduction of urine output. CRF is easier to diagnose than to treat. Clinical evidence shows that colonic dialysis combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) enema can treat CRF by reducing serum creatinine. To assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of colonic dialysis combined with Traditional Chinese medicine retention enema in CRF, we created a protocol for a systematic review to inform future clinical applications. METHODS: Eligible random controlled trials were collected from 8 bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database), completed before October 2021. The primary outcome is the serum creatinine, Urea nitrogen, total effective rate, uric acid, creatinine clearance. Secondary outcome: TCM syndrome score, glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, adverse reactions, and adverse events. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by 2 researchers. The quality and bias of the data were assessed using RevMan5.4 software. RESULTS: This study will provide a clinical basis for colonic dialysis combined with TCM retention enema in the treatment of CRF. CONCLUSION: Colonic dialysis combined with TCM retention enema in the treatment of CRF can delay the progression of renal disease, proving its effectiveness and safety. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2021100116.

Efficacy of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of chronic nephritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic nephritis is a common kidney disease that afflicts people worldwide. The disease has main manifestations of proteinuria, hematuria, edema, and hypertension that are associated with kidney-damaging processes that eventually lead to kidney failure. Traditional Chinese medicine involving combination treatment with herbal remedies and acupuncture has been shown clinically to alleviate chronic nephritis, although to date no systematic review of the efficacy of this combination treatment for this purpose has been reported, prompting this study. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized clinical trials to scientific evidence and credible medical references supporting the clinical efficacy of this combination treatment when used to treat chronic nephritis. METHODS: We will search the following 8 electronic Chinese and English databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Scientific Journal Database, and the Wanfang database. All electronic databases will be searched from inception to October 10, 2021. All statistical analyses will be performed using Review Manager Version 5.4 provided by the Cochrane Collaboration Network. RESULTS: The protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis will be applied to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of chronic nephritis. CONCLUSION: We plan to submit the results of this research to a peer-reviewed journal. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY2021100051.

[Retracted] MicroRNA­22 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting SIRT1 in renal cell carcinoma.

Following the publication of this paper, the authors have contacted the Editorial Office to explain that they are unable to reproduce the results of various of their experiments after having repeated some of them, and consequently they wish to retract the paper.owing to a lack of confidence in the presented data. It was also drawn to the attention of the Office that certain of the tumor images shown in Fig. 6A were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors. Considering all these points, the Editor of Oncology Reports is in agreement that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors all agree with the decision to retract this paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Oncology Reports 35: 559­567, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4333].

New-onset glucose disorders in peritoneal dialysis patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are at high risk of developing glucose metabolism disturbance (GMD). The incidence and prevalence of new-onset GMD, including diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fast glucose (IFG), after initiation of PD, as well as their correlated influence factors, varies among studies in different areas and of different sample sizes. Also, the difference compared with hemodialysis (HD) remained unclear. Thus we designed this meta-analysis and systematic review to provide a full landscape of the occurrence of glucose disorders in PD patients. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies through September 2018. Meta-analysis was performed on outcomes using random effects models with subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: We identified 1124 records and included 9 studies involving 13 879 PD patients. The pooled incidence of new-onset DM (NODM) was 8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4-12; I2 = 98%] adjusted by sample sizes in PD patients. Pooled incidence rates of new-onset IGT and IFG were 15% (95% CI 3-31; I2 = 97%) and 32% (95% CI 27-37), respectively. There was no significant difference in NODM risk between PD and HD [risk ratio 0.99 (95% CI 0.69-1.40); P = 0.94; I2 = 92%]. PD patients with NODM were associated with an increased risk of mortality [hazard ratio 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.44); P < 0.001; I2 = 92.5%] compared with non-DM PD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Around half of PD patients may develop a glucose disorder, which can affect the prognosis by significantly increasing mortality. The incidence did not differ among different ethnicities or between PD and HD. The risk factor analysis did not draw a definitive conclusion. The glucose tolerance test should be routinely performed in PD patients.

Protosappanin-A and oleanolic acid protect injured podocytes from apoptosis through inhibition of AKT-mTOR signaling.

Protosappanin-A (PrA) and oleanolic acid (OA), which are important effective ingredients isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L., exhibit therapeutic potential in multiple diseases. This study focused on exploring the mechanisms of PrA and OA function in podocyte injury. An in vitro model of podocyte injury was induced by the sC5b-9 complex and assays such as cell viability, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were performed to further investigate the effects and mechanisms of PrA and OA in podocyte injury. The models of podocyte injury were verified to be successful as seen through significantly decreased levels of nephrin, podocin, and CD2AP and increased level of desmin. The sC5b-9-induced podocyte apoptosis was inhibited in injured podocytes treated with PrA and OA, accompanied by increased protein levels of nephrin, podocin, CD2AP, and Bcl2 and decreased levels of desmin and Bax. The p-AKT/p-mTOR levels were also reduced by treatment of PrA and OA while AKT/mTOR was unaltered. Further, the effects of PrA and OA on injured podocytes were similar to that of LY294002 (a PI3K-AKT inhibitor). PrA and OA were also seen to inhibit podocyte apoptosis and p-AKT/p-mTOR levels induced by IGF-1 (a PI3K-AKT activator). Our data demonstrate that PrA and OA can protect podocytes from injury or apoptosis, which may occur through inhibition of the abnormal activation of AKT-mTOR signaling.

Microarray analysis reveals gene and microRNA signatures in diabetic kidney disease.

The current study aimed to identify therapeutic gene and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The public expression profile GSE30122 was used. Following data preprocessing, the limma package was used to select differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in DKD glomeruli samples and tubuli samples and they were compared with corresponding controls. Then overlapping DEGs in glomeruli and tubuli were identified and enriched analysis was performed. In addition, protein­protein interaction (PPI) network analysis as well as sub­network analysis was conducted. miRNAs of the overlapping DEGs were investigated using WebGestal. A total of 139 upregulated and 28 downregulated overlapping DEGs were selected, which were primarily associated with pathways involved in extracellular matrix (ECM)­receptor interactions and cytokine­cytokine receptor interactions. CD44, fibronectin 1, C­C motif chemokine ligand 5 and C­X­C motif chemokine receptor 4 were four primary nodes in the PPI network. miRNA (miR)­17­5p, miR­20a and miR­106a were important and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3), protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type O (PTPRO) and Kruppel like factor 9 (KLF9) were all predicted as target genes of the three miRNAs in the integrated miRNA­target network. Several genes were identified in DKD, which may be involved in pathways such as ECM­receptor interaction and cytokine­cytokine receptor interaction. Three miRNAs may also be used as biomarkers for therapy of DKD, including miR­17­5p, miR­20a and miR­106a, with the predicted targets of NR4A3, PTPRO and KLF9.

MicroRNA-22 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting SIRT1 in renal cell carcinoma.

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNA-22 (miR-22) was deregulated in many types of cancers and was involved in various cellular processes related to carcinogenesis. However, the exact roles and mechanisms of miR-22 remain unknown in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the relationship between miR-22 expression pattern and clinicopathological features of patients with EOC were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the role of miR-22 and possible molecular mechanisms in EOC were investigated by several in vitro approaches and in a nude mouse model. Results from qRT-PCR showed that miR-22 was significantly downregulated in RCC samples compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues, which was significantly associated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Functional study demonstrated that enforced overexpression of miR-22 in renal cancer cells inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In addition, SIRT1 was identified as a direct target of miR-22 by a luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-22 activated p53 and its downstream target p21 and PUMA, and the apoptosis markers cleaved CASP3 and PARP, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings showed that miR-22 functioned as tumor suppressor in RCC and blocked RCC growth and metastasis by directly targeting SIRT1 in RCC, indicating a potential novel therapeutic role in RCC treatment.

[Evaluation of the capacity of personal protection on poison emergency items in Chinese disease control and prevention institutes].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the capacity of personal protection on poison emergency items in Chinese disease control and prevention institutes. METHODS: Evaluation analysis based on data obtained from investigating personal protection equipments and professional knowledge quizzing about personal protection in poisoning control of 57 different level centers for disease control and prevention selected from China by a multi-stage stratified sampling. RESULTS: All 80.70% of the institutes possessed the protection equipments, provincial, municipal, county level institutes were 100.00%, 95.24%, 66.67%, respectively, with significant statistical difference (H = 7.94, P < 0.05). The average level of the type of individual protective equipments in disease control and prevention institutes was (5.42 +/- 4.00) kinds, the average points in category of provincial, municipal, county level institutes were (11.33 +/- 3.67), (6.52 +/- 3.16), (3.47 +/- 3.10) kinds, being statistically significant (F = 17.30, P < 0.05); type difference counts of disease control and prevention institutes in economic development, secondary, less-developed regions were (6.41 +/- 4.03), (3.55 +/- 3.35), (6.45 +/- 4.07) kinds, with statistical significance (F = 3.70, P < 0.05). Protection equipments chiefly possessed were latex gloves, gauze masks and C-protective clothing. Protective clothing and respiratory protective equipments were insufficient evidently. The average points in testing personal protection basic knowledge were (71.39 +/- 12.52) points; there were no differences between different institutes with different economic regions, levels, technical posts and title degrees. CONCLUSION: Certain advances have been achieved in recent years in personal protection capacity of institutes for disease control and prevention, but far from the actual demands, and maybe no enough effective response on emergency occurred.

[Toxicokinetics of tetramethylene disulphotetramine].

OBJECTIVE: To explore toxicokinetics of tetramethylene disulphotetramine (TETS) in rabbit and the effects on toxicokinetics of TETS after activated charcoal by gavage. METHODS: Eight rabbits were exposed through gavage and vein respectively, the blood samples were collected from the center artery in ear of rabbit at an arranged time. Four rabbits were exposed after being intubated into urethra and common bile duct. The samples of bile and urine were collected at arranged times. After being exposed by gavage, activated charcoal (1 g/kg) was administrated in the activated charcoal group and the distilled water (1 g/kg) administrated to the controls. The samples of blood were collected from the center artery in ear of rabbit at arranged times. The contents of TETS in samples were determined by GC/NPD method. Analysed by the 3p87 soft, toxicokinetics parameters of TETS were acquired. RESULTS: TETS was eliminated very slowly in rabbit. The plasma half time in elimination phase (Tke1/2) of TETS was 56.9 hours in vein exposure group and 262.5 hours in oral exposure group respectively. The plasma clearance (CL) of it was only 15.4 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) in oral exposure group and 24.1 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) in vein exposure group. TETS was eliminated from urine in rabbit. The eliminated amount of it from urine was more 5 times than from bile. All parameters of toxicokinetics of TETS were significantly different between the activated charcoal group and the control. Compared to the control, Tke1/2 of TETS in the activated charcoal group was equal to 55%, CL was increased over 3-fold, area under the curve was equal to 30%. CONCLUSION: TETS was a poison eliminated very slowly in body. The eliminated amount of it from urine was more than from bile. The excretion of TETS could be quickened after activated charcoal by gavage.

[Evaluation of therapeutic project on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine poisoning and effect on intelligence in children].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate four therapeutic measures on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine (TETS) poisoning and the effects of it on intelligence of children. METHODS: All 86 patients of acute TETS poisoning were randomly divided into 4 groups (the control group, sodium valproate group, sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate group and the hemoperfusion group). The therapeutic effects were observed after the arranged treatment was administrated. According to age, residence, sex, education and domestic economy, 30 children were matched by 1:1 with children of TETS poisoning. RESULTS: The termination time of seizure, doses of diazepam, mental symptoms and the continual time of mental symptoms were not significantly different among these three groups. After hemoperfusion, the seizure of patients was terminated or the frequency was obviously decreased, but the level of TETS in blood was not reduced. The average scores of full intelligence quotient (FIQ), the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and the performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) of children in poisoning group were 9.1, 8.8 and 7.7 less than the controls. The average scores of FIQ of children with bad state were 15 less than the controls. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic effects of sodium valproate and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate on acute TETS poisoning should be not better than using diazepam and sodium phenobarbital. Therapeutic effects of hemoperfusion on TETS poisoning is good. TETS poisoning should have a great influence on intelligence of children.