Bibliometric and visual analysis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension from 2013 to 2022.

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is caused by chronic persistent hypoxia, which leads to the continuous increase of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in research on HPH. To study the trends of HPH research over the last decade, we used WOSCC to search for relevant research on this topic, and dealt with the relevant information using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R-tool. Our results show that the number of publications on HPH has generally increased in the last decade, albeit not significantly, while the average number of citations has been declining year by year. Researchers from the USA top the list with 5498 publications, who widely cooperate with researchers from other countries, followed by those from China. Kurt R. Stenmark has an authoritative position in this field, ranking first with 635 citations. American Journal of Physiology Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pulmonary Circulation have published 151 articles on HPH in the last 10 years, but the former has higher impact factor and article quality. Circulation proved its leadership in this field with 8812 citations. Our findings reveal the trends in HPH research and should provide researchers with plenty of useful information.

[Performance Assessment of Field-scale Dry Grass Swale with Shallow Substrate Layer].

A field-scale dry grass swale with impermeable bottom and shallow substrate layer was built in Shanghai, where the groundwater table is very high, to avoid groundwater pollution caused by runoff infiltration. The underdrain pipe of the facility was up bended to avoid outside water flowing backward because local ground elevation is very low. Performance of the facility under the actual precipitation conditions was evaluated in the rainy season of 2019. The average runoff volume reduction is 39.4%, and the peak flow is reduced effectively when rain intensity is lower than 8.0 mm ·h-1. Influent mass load reduction of TSS, COD, TP, and TN are 95.4%, 83.1%, 90.0%, and 57.7%, respectively. Wood chips in the substrate layer and the saturated zone are effective for denitrification during the wet and dry periods, respectively. Hydraulic loading rate and antecedent drying period are the main factors affecting denitrification. Improved influent quality combined with the storage volume supplied by the local urban river network could meet the goal of annual runoff volume reduction and annual pollution load removal in districts with high groundwater levels.

Comparison in efficacy and safety of forceps biopsy for peripheral lung lesions guided by endobronchial ultrasound-guided sheath (EBUS-GS) and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy combined with EBUS (ENB-EBUS).

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided sheath (EBUS-GS) and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy combined with EBUS (ENB-EBUS) are two diagnostic methods used to obtain lung tissue for biopsy of peripheral lung lesions. This study retrospectively summarized the case data of patients who underwent EBUS-GS or ENB-EBUS, both procedures performed at the respiratory endoscopy center of Tangdu Hospital, and the study compared the diagnostic efficacy and complications of the two methods. The study included 93 patients who underwent EBUS-GS and 26 who underwent ENB-EBUS. The diagnostic rates of EBUS-GS and ENB-EBUS were 71.1% and 65.4%, respectively, with no statistical difference (P=0.581). Furthermore, 89.2% of patients in the EBUS-GS group were diagnosed with malignant disease, which was significantly higher than 23.5% diagnosed with malignant disease in the ENB-EBUS group (P=0.00). An analysis of the factors influencing the diagnosis rate showed that the diagnosis rate of EBUS-GS in cases with bronchial signs was 82.5%, which was significantly higher than the 42.9% in the cases in the ENB-EBUS group with bronchial signs (P<0.05). An analysis of the complications showed that the incidence of complications in the EBUS-GS group was 8.4%, and the incidence of complications in the ENB-EBUS group was 3.8%, with no statistical difference (P>0.05). Both EBUS-GS and ENB-EBUS can be used for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary disease. However, the diagnostic rate of EBUS-GS is significantly higher than ENB-EBUS in cases with bronchial signs associated with the lesion, and the diagnostic rate of ENB-EBUS in cases with no bronchial signs was higher than that of EBUS-GS with no statistical difference.

Study on the regulation of earthworm physiological function under cadmium stress based on a compound mathematical model.

A cadmium (Cd) stress test was carried out on Eisenia fetida in artificial soil. Six Cd concentration gradient solutions (0, 50, 100, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) were prepared. Two treatment groups, short-term stress and long-term stress, were established. The former lasted for 10 days, and the latter lasted for 30 days. The Biolog ECO-microplate culture method was used to determine the utilization of the 31 carbon sources by the microbes in earthworm homogenate. The total protein content (TP), peroxidase activity (POD), catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST), malondialdehyde content (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in earthworm were determined in order to investigate the regulation of oxidative stress and the functional diversity of microbial communities in earthworms under Cd stress. By combining the entropy weight method (EW) and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution model (TOPSIS), the physiological functional indices of earthworms were assessed objectively and scientifically, and the physiological changes under the different stress periods were evaluated. The results showed that a Cd-tolerant dominant population appeared in the microbial community under Cd stress. In the short-term test, oxidative stress were more effective in coping with Cd stress than the microbial community, and oxidative stress regulated the microbial community functional diversity. Under long-term Cd stress, the regulatory effect was weak or non-existent. In this study, a new evaluation model was established to explore the regulation process of earthworm on its oxidation stress and the functional diversity of microbial communities under Cd stress, and provide a theoretical basis for revealing the detoxification mechanism of earthworms.

Multiple sclerosing hemangioma of the right lung in a 23-year-old female patient: A case report and review of the literature.

Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is a relatively uncommon benign tumor of the lung, predominantly affecting young and middle-aged women. In the majority of the patients, PSH is incidentally found on physical examination and typically presents as a solitary nodule with smooth borders, as it is generally asymptomatic or lacks typical symptoms. In the present case, a 23-year-old woman was incidentally diagnosed with pulmonary nodules during routine physical examination and reported suffering from intermittent fevers for >2 months. The patient received antituberculosis therapy for 1 year; however, a computed tomography imaging examination revealed that the lesions had progressed. Finally, the patient underwent thoracoscopic lung biopsy followed by histopathological examination and the lesions were diagnosed as multiple sclerosing hemangioma. The aim of the present study was to review the relevant literature in order to improve our understanding of PSH.

Gallic acid has anticancer activity and enhances the anticancer effects of cisplatin in non­small cell lung cancer A549 cells via the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Gallic acid (3,4,5­trihydroxybenzoic acid; GA), a plant­derived natural phenolic compound, has been reported to prevent the development and progression of various types of cancers. However, there has been little elaboration of the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of GA alone and/or in combination with cisplatin in non­small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effects of GA on NSCLC A549 cells and its auxiliary effects on the anticancer activity of cisplatin. The results revealed that GA inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of NSCLC A549 cells in dose­ and time­dependent manners, which was associated with upregulated B­cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl­2)­associated X protein (Bax) and downregulated Bcl­2. Notably, the results also indicated that GA enhanced the anticancer effects of cisplatin in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and the induction of cell apoptosis following elevated Bax expression and suppressed Bcl­2 expression. Furthermore, the results of the present study also demonstrated that GA exerted independent anticancer effects on NSCLC A549 cells, and facilitated the anticancer effects of cisplatin by modulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and downstream apoptotic molecules. These results may serve as a rationale for further basic studies and preclinical investigations on the anticancer effects of GA and its auxiliary effects on cisplatin function in human NSCLC.

CaWRKY40, a WRKY protein of pepper, plays an important role in the regulation of tolerance to heat stress and resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum infection.

WRKY proteins form a large family of plant transcription factors implicated in the modulation of numerous biological processes, such as growth, development and responses to various environmental stresses. However, the roles of the majority WRKY family members, especially in non-model plants, remain poorly understood. We identified CaWRKY40 from pepper. Transient expression in onion epidermal cells showed that CaWRKY40 can be targeted to nuclei and activates expression of a W-box-containing reporter gene. CaWRKY40 transcripts are induced in pepper by Ralstonia solanacearum and heat shock. To assess roles of CaWRKY40 in plant stress responses we performed gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Overexpression of CaWRKY40 enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum and tolerance to heat shock in tobacco. In contrast, silencing of CaWRKY40 enhanced susceptibility to R. solanacearum and impaired thermotolerance in pepper. Consistent with its role in multiple stress responses, we found CaWRKY40 transcripts to be induced by signalling mechanisms mediated by the stress hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). Overexpression of CaWRKY40 in tobacco modified the expression of hypersensitive response (HR)-associated and pathogenesis-related genes. Collectively, our results suggest that CaWRKY40 orthologs are regulated by SA, JA and ET signalling and coordinate responses to R. solanacearum attacks and heat stress in pepper and tobacco.

[Longitudinal study of the physical catch-up growth in 84 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants].

OBJECTIVE: To study the growth rhythm of preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants by investigating their physical catch-up growth characteristics. METHODS: Eighty-four preterm AGA newborns (44 males and 40 females) with gestational ages between 28-36 weeks were enrolled. The weight, length and head circumference were evaluated by Z score according to the criterions of actual and corrected ages. RESULTS: The preterm infants had the catch-up growth in weight, length and head circumference in the first year of life. The growth velocity within the first three months was the highest. The velocity in the weight catch-up was higher than that in the length. CONCLUSIONS: The fastest growing period is the early three month of life in preterm AGA infants. The catch-up growth in weight and length is unbalanced.

Stepwise increasing and decreasing fluid shear stresses differentially regulate the functions of osteoblasts.

It is well accepted that osteoblasts respond to fluid shear stress (FSS) depending on the loading magnitude, rate, and temporal profiles. Although in vivo observations demonstrated that bone mineral density changes as the training intensity gradually increases/decreases, whether osteoblasts perceive such slow temporal changes in the strength of stimulation remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that osteoblasts can detect and respond differentially to the temporal gradients of FSS. In specific, we hypothesized that when the temporal FSS gradient is high enough, i) the increasing FSS inhibits the osteoblastic potential in supporting osteoclastogenesis and enhances the osteoblastic anabolic responses; ii) on the other hand, the deceasing FSS would have opposite effects on osteoclastogenesis and anabolic responses. To test the hypotheses, stepwise varying FSS was applied on primary osteoblasts and osteogenic and resorption markers were analyzed. The cells were subjected to FSS increasing from 5, 10, to 15 or decreasing from 15, 10, to 5 dyn/cm(2) at a step of 5 dyn/cm(2) for either 6 or 12 hours. In a subset experiment, the cells were stimulated with stepwise increasing or decreasing FSS at a higher step (10 dyn/cm(2)) for 12 hours. Our results showed that, with the step of 5 dyn/cm(2), the stepwise increasing FSS inhibited the osteoclastogenesis with a 3- to 4-fold decrease in RANKL/OPG gene expression versus static controls, while the stepwise decreasing FSS increased RANKL/OPG ratio by 2- to 2.5-fold versus static controls. Both increasing and decreasing FSS enhanced alkaline phosphatase expression and calcium deposition by 1.0- to 1.8 fold versus static controls. For a higher FSS temporal gradient (three steps of 10 dyn/cm(2) over 12 hour stimulation), the increasing FSS enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase expression and calcium deposition by 1.3 fold, while the decreasing FSS slightly inhibited them by -10% compared with static controls. Taken together, our results suggested that osteoblasts can detect the slow temporal gradients of FSS and respond differentially in a dose-dependent manner, which may account for the observed bone mineral density changes in response to the gradual increasing/decreasing exercise in vivo. The stepwise FSS can be a useful model to study bone cell responses to long-term mechanical usage or disuse. These studies will complement the short-term studies and provide additional clinically relevant insights on bone adaptation.