[Color Doppler ultrasonic measurements of normal mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy children].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of color Doppler ultrasound in evaluating the mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy children. METHODS: The mesenteric lymph nodes were examined with color Doppler ultrasonography for 730 randomly selected healthy children under 14 years of age, including 410 boys and 298 girls who did not report any recent medical conditions. RESULTS: Abdominal lymph node detection rate was higher in boys than in girls. Abdominal lymph nodes were detected most often in children between the ages of 1 and 4 years, and the lymph node size decreased gradually with age. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler ultrasonography is valuable for evaluating abdominal lymph nodes in children.

[Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes in children: a clinical analysis with ultrasonography and the implications].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes in healthy children with those children with mesenteric lymphadenitis. METHODS: According to the diagnostic criteria defining lymph node enlargement as a 5-mm enlargement or greater in the short diameter, 137 healthy children and 148 children with mesenteric lymphadenitis were retrospectively analyzed for mesenteric lymph node enlargement based on the ultrasonographic data. RESULTS: The distribution of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes was detected in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) in 46.3%, in the para-aortic areas in 19.2%, and in the left lower quadrant (LLQ) in 13.6% of the children. The clusters of lymph nodes between the two groups showed no significant difference in the distribution, age, L/W, longitudinal diameter or clusters, only the short diameter differed significantly between them. CONCLUSION: Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes are present in many healthy children, which does not necessarily suggests any abnormalities. The mesenteric lymph nodes increase with the age until 6 years and then decrease. The lymph nodes with a short diameter larger than 8 mm may indicate the condition of mesenteric lymphadenitis.

[The analysis of fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and hemodynamics of retrobulbar blood vessels in central serous chorioretinopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of the retrobulbar blood vessels' hemodynamics changes and the choroidal circulation disorder, and to observe the relations between retinal pigment epithelium's (RPE) pathological changes and them. METHODS: It was a case control study. For 57 (57 affected eyes and 57 contralateral eyes) unilateral eye affected patients and 25 (50 eyes) normal health adults, we examined ophthalmic arteries (OA), posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) by color Doppler flow Imaging (CDFI), and recorded the peak systolic velocities (PSV), end diastolic velocities (EDV) and resistance indexes (RI) of them. We compared each hemodynamic parameter of the normal eyes with it of the affected eyes and contralateral eyes in patients group respectively, and contrasted them between affected eyes and contralateral eyes of the patients. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed simultaneously on 57 patients with Heidelberg retina angiography, and the images were analyzed in contrast. We used SPSS 12.0 statistics software was used in the study. To the PSV, EDV and RI of the OA, PCA and SPCA in affected eyes and contralateral eyes of the patients, we used paired t-test for the same sample to compare their hemodynamic parameters; to compare normal health adults' eyes with the affected eyes and the contralateral eyes of patients group respectively, we used two-group t-test. When the P-value was less than 0.05, there was a statistical significance. RESULTS: There was a more significant decrease of the hemodynamic parameters in both PSVs and EDVs of temporal PCAs (PSV: t = 3.044, P = 0.005; EDV: t = 3.731, P = 0.001) and temporal SPCAs (PSV: t = 2.822, P = 0.008; EDV: t = 3.194, P = 0.003) compared the patients group's affected eyes with normal health adults group eyes, there was a more significant decrease of them of temporal PCAs (PSV: t = 3.219, P = 0.003; EDV: t = 3.807, P = 0.001) and temporal SPCAs (PSV: t = 3.931, P = 0.000, EDV: t = 3.145, P = 0.003) compared the patients group's contralateral eyes with normal health adults group eyes, and there was a statistical significance of them (P < 0.05). There was no difference in hemodynamic parameters of both PSVs and EDVs of temporal PCAs (PSV: t = 0.608, P = 0.548; EDV: t = 0.122, P = 0.904) and temporal SPCAs (PSV: t = 0.730, P = 0.470; EDV: t = 0.109, P = 0.914) between affected eyes and contralateral eyes of the patients, and there was no statistical significance of them (P > 0.05). The results of FFA and ICGA showed that all the RPE's leaks of 57 affected eyes appeared at the hypofluorescent regions of relative choroids; 52 cases of 57 affected eyes were followed by choroidal vessels dilatation at the early hypofluorescent regions, and appeared hyperfluorescence leakages in the late phase images; At the all regions of RPE's transmitted fluorescences of affected eyes and contralateral eyes, the corresponding choroids showed hyperfluorescence in the late phase images in ICGA; There were no RPE's transmitted fluorescences at the regions of 20 affected eyes and 16 contralateral eyes in FFA, which showed hyperfluoresceince leakages in the late phase images of choroids in ICGA. CONCLUSIONS: CSC is possibly a bilateral disease associated with systemic pathologic conditions. Hypoperfusion and ischemia are the basal characteristics of retrobulbar blood vessels' circulation disorder and choroidal ultracirculation disorder. The damage of RPE is following to the choroidal circulation disorder.