Subintimal recanalization for non-acute occlusion of intracranial vertebral artery in an emergency endovascular procedure: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular recanalization of non-acute intracranial artery occlusion is technically difficult, particularly when the microwire enters the subintima. Although the subintimal tracking and re-entry technique has been well established in the endovascular treatment of coronary artery occlusion, there is limited experience with its use in intracranial occlusion due to anatomical variations and a lack of dedicated devices. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old man was admitted to the hospital two days after experiencing acute weakness in both lower extremities, poor speech, and dizziness. After admission, imaging revealed acute ischemic stroke and non-acute occlusion of bilateral intracranial vertebral arteries (ICVAs). On the fourth day of admission, the patient's condition deteriorated and an emergency endovascular recanalization of the left ICVA was performed. During this procedure, a microwire was advanced in the subintima of the vessel wall and successfully reentered the distal true lumen. Two stents were implanted in the subintima. The patient's Modified Rankin Scale was 1 at three months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: We present a technical case of subintimal recanalization for non-acute ICVA occlusion in an emergency endovascular procedure. However, we emphasize the necessity for caution when applying the subintimal tracking approach in intracranial occlusion due to the significant dangers involved.

[Protective Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila and Amuc_1100 Protein on Rats on High-Fat Diet Combined with Streptozotocin Injection].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effects of live or pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila and Amuc_1100 protein on a rat model of diabetes mellitus induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS: A total of 96 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups, including 6 experimental groups and 2 control groups, with 12 rats in each group. HFD combined with STZ injection was given to the rats to create a simulated model of the progression of diabetes mellitus type 2. In addition, the rats were treated with different doses of live or pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila or Amuc_1100 protein by way of gavage for 8 weeks simultaneously. Plasma samples were collected to determine the level of parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism, and inflammation mediators. Colon tissue specimens were collected for HE staining. Stool samples of the rats were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: Compared with the HFD control group, rats in the group treated with Akkermansia muciniphila exhibited significantly lower body mass gain ( P<0.01) and lower plasma TNF-α level ( P<0.05). Administration of Akkermansia muciniphila or Amuc_1100 protein increased the number of goblet cells and mucin secretion. The ß diversity analysis of the samples showed no overall difference in the intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of Akkermansia muciniphila can effectively ameliorate HFD-induced metabolic disorders, including body mass gain and systemic inflammation. Akkermansia muciniphila and Amuc_1100, to a certain degree, improved the gut barrier function. After eight weeks of intervention, there was no significant impact on the structure of the gut microbiota.

[Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila on the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Insulin Secretion of Rat Islet Cell Tumor Cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Akkermansia muciniphila ( A. muciniphila) on the proliferation, apoptosis and insulin secretion of rat pancreatic islet cell tumor cells (INS-1). METHODS: INS-1 cells were divided into three groups, normal, repair, and protect groups, and subsequently every group was subjected with A. muciniphila metabolites, live A. muciniphilaorpasteurized A. muciniphila for 48 h. A group that did not treat with anything was set as blank control. After intervention, the cell viability was determined by MTT method, the insulin secretion level stimulated by glucose was determined by ELISA, the expressions of the genes involved in insulin secretion and apoptosis were tested by qRT-PCR, and the expression of apoptosis related protein Bax was evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: There was no significant change in INS-1 cell morphology after co-incubation with 3 types of A. Muciniphila interventions for 48 h. The proliferative activity of INS-1 cells was decreased in the repair group that treated with live A. muciniphila than that of control ( P<0.005). A. muciniphila intervention had no effect on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells in normal, repair or protection group ( P>0.05). A. muciniphila secretions promoted the expression of glucose transporter 2 ( Glut2) in 3 groups and the expression of glucokinase ( GCK) in repair group ( P<0.05). The expression of Baxof the INS-1 cell in the normal group was decreased after intervented with 3 kinds of A. muciniphila intervention materials ( P<0.001).The expression of Bax gene of the INS-1 cell in the repair group that treated with dead A. muciniphilawas decreased ( P<0.05). The expression of Bax protein of INS-1 cells that treated with A. muciniphila interventions was decreased. CONCLUSION: A. muciniphila can promote the expression of insulin secretion-related genes in INS-1 cells, inhibit the expression of apoptotic genes and apoptosis protein Bax.This research provides a new direction for applying A. muciniphila in improving type 2 diabetes.

[Adsorption of Cr(â ¥) in Water by Maifanite Modified with Different LDHs Coatings].

Under alkaline conditions, the hydrothermal coprecipitation method was used to form different layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by combining different bivalent and trivalent metal compounds, such as ZnCl2, MgCl2, AlCl3, and FeCl3, and then LDHs were coated on the surface of the original maifanite. The effect of LDHs coating-modified maifanite on the improvement of Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption in water was studied using isothermal adsorption, desorption, non-isothermal adsorption, adsorption kinetics, pH, and competitive adsorption tests, respectively. The results show that the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of modified maifanite for Cr(Ⅵ) is close to ten times that of original maifanite at 15℃. The adsorption effect of ZnAl-LDHs coating-loaded modified maifanite is better than that of other LDHs-coating modified maifanites. In contrast, the results of the desorption experiments show that maifanite coated with LDHs enhances the reuse of substrates. The thermodynamic parameters of the substrate for Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption in the experiment were △Gθ < 0, △Hθ < 0, △Sθ > 0, indicating that the substrate adsorption process of Cr(Ⅵ) is spontaneous and exothermic. Based on the adsorption kinetics study, the adsorption process of Cr(Ⅵ) by maifanite could be fitted using a pseudo-secondary reaction process. The adsorption type was mainly chemisorption. By selecting the suitable metal ion combination method to prepare different LDHs-coating modified maifanites, the Cr(Ⅵ) performance can effectively be improved.

[Influencing Factors for Phosphorus Removal by Modified Bio-ceramic Substrates Coated with ZnAl-LDHs Synthesized by Different Modification Conditions].

Under different pH conditions, the hydrothermal and co-precipitation method was used to synthesize layered double hydroxides (LDHs) coated on bio-ceramic substrates with three different Zn2+/Al3+ molar ratios. Applying the original and six kinds of modified bio-ceramic substrates coated with ZnAl-LDHs (bio-ceramic/ZnAl-LDHs) in simulated vertical-flow constructed wetlands, experiments for phosphorus removal and isothermal adsorption were conducted to analyze the mechanism and effect of each synthesis factor. The results showed that ZnAl-LDHs (pH=11) had a more obvious effect on phosphorus removal, especially for bio-ceramic/ZnAl-LDHs (pH=11, 1:1), whose average removal rates of TP, TDP and SRP were enhanced over 70%. Its maximum adsorption capacity for phosphorus was three times higher than that of the original bio-ceramic. Both pH and Zn2+/Al3+ molar ratio affected the configuration and coating properties of bio-ceramic/ZnAl-LDHs at the time of synthesis, and pH was the main synthesis factor for phosphorus removal efficiency of bio-ceramic/ZnAl-LDHs. Through reasonable regulation of pH and Zn2+/Al3+ molar ratio when bio-ceramic/ZnAl-LDHs was synthesized, the phosphorus removal efficiency could be improved effectively.

Diversity and Dynamics of Microbial Community Structure in Different Mangrove, Marine and Freshwater Sediments During Anaerobic Debromination of PBDEs.

Little is known about the diversity and succession of indigenous microbial community during debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). This study examined the diversity and dynamics of microbial community structure in eight saline (mangrove and marine) and freshwater sediment microcosms exhibiting different debrominating capabilities for hexa-BDE 153, a common congener in sediments, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses. The results showed that microbial community structure greatly differed between the saline and freshwater microcosms, likely leading to distinct variations in their debrominating capabilities and pathways. Higher relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Deltaproteobacteria succeed by Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were detected in the two mangrove microcosms with the fastest debrominating capabilities mainly via para pathway, respectively; the dominance of Alphaproteobacteria resulted in less accumulation of tetra-BDEs and more complete debromination of lower brominated congeners (from di- to tetra-BDEs). Meanwhile, the shifts in both microbial community structure and PBDE profiles were relatively small in the less efficient freshwater microcosms, with relatively more ortho and meta brominated products of BDE-153 resulted. Coincidently, one of the freshwater microcosms showed sudden increases of Chloroflexi and Deltaproteobacteria by the end of incubation, which synchronized with the increase in the removal rate of BDE-153. The significant relationship between microbial community structure and PBDEs was confirmed by redundancy analysis (18.7% of total variance explained, P = 0.002). However, the relative abundance of the well-known dechlorinator Dehalococcoides showed no clear correlation with the debrominating capability across different microcosms. These findings shed light in the significance of microbial community network in different saline environments on enhancement of PBDE intrinsic debromination.

[Effects of NO3--N Loading on the Early-Period Efficiency of Denitrification and Carbon Releasing in Constructed Wetland Filled with Bark].

The reuse of tailwater as recycled water requires an advanced nitrogen removal treatment, during which carbon source is added based on the tailwater quality. This study conducted an advanced nitrogen removal model test in constructed wetland to evaluate the effects of influent NO3--N loading on denitrification and carbon releasing. In the constructed wetland, bark was used as filler and carbon source for nitrogen removal. The results showed that nitrogen removal was steady in the constructed wetland filled with bark. Denitrification velocity followed the Monod equation, and it increased as the influent NO3--N loading increased. The saturation constant KS was 19.10 mg·L-1. NO3--N removal rate decreased as the influent NO3--N loading increased. During the early periods of operating the constructed wetland filled with bark, the carbon releasing amount and velocity increased as the influent NO3--N loading increased. Both factors were positively linearly correlated with the influent NO3--N loading. The static carbon releasing velocity was 0.2 mg·(g·d)-1. Compared with the hollow and loose plant carbons, such as rotten wood, bark had a better performance and a longer cycle of carbon releasing, which made bark a good slow-release carbon source.

[Purification Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Combined Bio-filters for Aquaculture Wastewater].

As an effective technology for wastewater treatment, bio-filter has been widely used. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of systematic report on purification efficiency and influencing factors of combined bio-filters. To this end, a novel combined system that consisted of aerated vertical-flow filter (AVF) followed by baffled horizontal-flow filter (BHF) was designed. After setting a series of hydraulic loading rates (131, 94 and 60 mm·d-1) and diversion ratios (8:2、6:4、4:6), we comprehensively assessed the impact of running condition adjustment on treatment performance by multiple statistical analyses. The results showed that, the average removal rates of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved nitrogen in AVF were all above 80%, while the average removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and dissolved nitrogen in BHF were all below 40%. Different running conditions had a significant (P<0.05) impact on treatment performance. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in purification efficiency between the two different kinds of filters. Oxidative degradation was one of the main ways to remove organic matter in the two kinds of filters. There were obvious nitrification and denitrification processes within the two kinds of filters. Nitrification followed by denitrification was the main way to remove total nitrogen since ammonium occupied the most portion of total nitrogen in the synthetic wastewater. Meanwhile, the intensity of nitrification and denitrification in AVF was obviously higher than that in BHF. Phosphorus removal was mainly controlled by hydraulic loading rate, temperature, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, etc. This might indicate that microbial absorption was one of the main ways to remove phosphorus for the two filters. Compared to the sole AVF, the removal of total organic matter and total phosphorus in the combined system was increased by 4.4% and 23.2%, respectively, but the removal of total nitrogen was reduced by 12.1%. Reducing the diversion ratio was helpful to improve the denitrification intensity in BHF. However, due to the introduction of excessive ammonia from the raw wastewater, as well as the limited nitrification capacity in BHF, the removal rate of total nitrogen for the combined system was decreased. Therefore, according to the composition of treated raw wastewater, the control of appropriate diversion ratio, residence time and redox conditions inside the filter bed was the key to enhance the overall performance of the combined system.

[Mechanisms of Phosphorus Removal by Modified Zeolites Substrates Coated with Zn-LDHs in Laboratory-scale Vertical-flow Constructed Wetlands].

Zn-Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were selected to carry out the experiment in present work based on the previous research results. According to the co-precipitation method, three kinds of different Zn-LDHs (FeZn-LDHs, CoZn-LDHs and AlZn-LDHs) were synthesized by ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, and CoCl3 solution in alkaline conditions and Zn-LDHs were in-situ coated on the surface of natural zeolites. With the filling of the natural and three kinds of Zn-LDHs modified zeolites in the columns, test experiments were conducted to study the removal performance of phosphorus in vertical-flow constructed wetlands. The results showed that: compared with the natural zeolites, the removal rates of phosphorus by the three kinds of Zn-modified zeolites were greatly improved, especially for FeZn-LDHs. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity and the desorbed performance of phosphate were enhanced by the Zn-LDHs coated modification. The adsorption type of phosphate was converted from physical adsorption to chemical adsorption. Through reasonable selection of the type of zeolite and the method of modification, Zn-LDHs modified zeolites could be used to enhance the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus for the eutrophic water.

[Coating modification of anthracite substrates in vertical-flow constructed wetlands by LDHs synthesized from different metal compounds and the nitrogen removal efficiencies].

As one kind of vertical-flow constructed wetlands substrates, anthracite was selected in this experiment. LDHs (layered double hydroxides) were synthesized in alkaline conditions by co-precipitation of different kinds of metal compounds, such as CaCl2, ZnCl2, MgCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, CoCl3. The synthesized LDHs were in-situ coated onto the surface of anthracite substrate to achieve the aim of modification. Simulated test columns were constructed to study the nitrogen removal efficiency of the urban sewage using the original anthracite substrates and 9 kinds of modified anthracite substrates. The results showed that: LDHs synthesized by all the 9 different kinds of methods could effectively modify the anthracite substrate by in-situ coating. With Mg2+ involved in the synthesis of modified substrates, good TN and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were observed. The modified anthracite substrates coated with MgCo-LDHs had the optimal performance with average TN and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies of higher than 80% and 85%, respectively. The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies by the modified anthracite substrates coated by LDHs reacted with Mg2+ and Fe3+ were also high. The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies by modified anthracite substrates coated with CaFe-LDHs and MgFe-LDHs were higher than 85%.

[Analysis on the removal efficiency and mechanisms of phosphorus by modified zeolites substrates coated with LDHs reacted by different metal compounds in laboratory-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands].

Six kinds of metal compounds which were CaCl2 , ZnCl2, MgCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, and CoCl3 were formed nine kinds of different combinations in the alkaline conditions to synthesized LDHs (Layered Double Hydroxides), which were in-situ coated on the surface of zeolites. With the filling of the original and nine kinds of modified zeolites in the columns to simulate a laboratory-scale vertical-flow constructed wetland system, the experiments of purified phosphorus were conducted. Combined removal efficiency with adsorption isotherm data of the ten kinds of zeolites, mechanism for strengthening the removal rates of the phosphorus by the modified zeolites was studied. The results showed that compared with the original zeolites, the removal rates of the phosphorus by nine kinds of modified zeolites were enhanced with various degrees. In the cases of Zn involved in the modified zeolites, the removal efficiencies of phosphorus reached a high quality. Especially, the ZnFe-LDHs had the average removal rates of the total phosphorus, the dissolved phosphorus and the phosphate were over 90%, and its maximum adsorption capacity of the phosphorus was three times higher than that of the original zeolites. Therefore, by means of increasing the adsorption capacity and improving the chemical adsorption ability of phosphorus, the modification to coated LDHs on the zeolites reached the aim of strengthening the purification of the phosphorus.

[Study on optimization gradation of substrates in vertical flow constructed wetlands].

Bio-ceramic, anthracite, zeolite, steel slag and vermiculite were used as substrate according to different kinds of gradation to treat wastewater in vertical-flow constructed wetlands simulation systems. The results show that the removal ability of COD by graded substrates according to particle size are better than single substrates, and average removal efficiency by graded bio-ceramic is up to 72.91%. The removal rate of TN by graded zeolite, which reaches 91.23%, is higher than single zeolite. No significant difference (p < 0.05) is detected with regard to organic matter and nitrogen removal between single and combined use of bio-ceramic and zeolite. The pH values in effluents of all columns filled with steel slag and anthracite are within normal limits, but phosphorus removal of all columns filled with steel slag and anthracite are lower than that filled with single substrates, except for the column filled with anthracite, vermiculite and steel slag from up to down. No difference between planted and unplanted systems can be observed. The present results probably provide a basis for vertical-flow constructed wetland design, among which based on the characteristic of wastewater proper selection of high-efficiency graded substrates, e.g., graded bio-ceramic, graded zeolite, graded anthracite, combined use of bio-ceramic, zeolite and anthracite, is a guarantee of better performance at a high hydraulic loading rate.