ABSTRACT
Background: Observational studies have yielded conflicting evidence concerning the relationships between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and bone mineral density (BMD). As the exact causal inferences remain inconclusive, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify the causal associations between OSA and BMD. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with OSA were extracted from the FinnGen study. Summary statistics for 10 BMD measured at different age or skeletal sites were obtained from the publicly available IEU GWAS database. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was chosen as the primary analysis, combined with several sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of results. The study design included two-sample MR and network MR. Results: Our primary MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted OSA was positively linked to increased forearm BMD (ß = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.41, p = 0.009) and heel BMD (ß=0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.18, p = 0.018), while no significant causal relationships were observed between OSA and total body BMD, lumbar spine BMD, or femoral neck BMD (all p > 0.05). Network MR suggests that OSA might act as a mediating factor in the effect of BMI on forearm BMD and heel BMD, with a mediated portion estimated at 73% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings provide support for a causal relationship between genetically predicted OSA and increased forearm BMD and heel BMD. Furthermore, our results suggest that OSA may play a role in mediating the influence of BMI on BMD.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the current situation of intimate partner violence (IPV) among young students in Chengdu and its relationship with emotion regulation self-efficacy,and to provide a reference for conducting the education on close relationship.@*Methods@#Totally 1 041 young students with love experience in Chengdu were selected by by stratified cluster random sampling to explore potentional factors related to IPV.@*Results@#The incidence of IPV perpetration among young students with love experience was as high as 69.6% and the incidence of IPV victimization was 62.2%. Young students had committed(65.4%) or been subjected(64.0%) to more than three intimate partner violence. 59.92% young students were both perpetrators and victims of IPV. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with young female students, young male students were not prone to commit violence in intimate relationships(OR=0.59), but may become victims of IPV(OR=1.91). More than half a year in love(OR=1.70), cohabitation(OR=2.47), bullying by peers (OR=1.54) and interference by parents (OR=1.63) were risk factors for IPV perpetration. Among them, more than half a year in love (OR=1.51) and cohabitants (OR=2.52) were positively associated with IPV victimization. The efficacy of managing negative emotions was a negatively associated with IPV perpetration (OR=0.96) and victimization(OR=0.97)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The phenomenon of intimate partner violence among young students is more common, which is closely related to the rearing style of young students, peer relationship, love relationship and the ability to manage negative emotions, which should be paid attention to.
