Maternal mRNA deadenylation is defective in in vitro matured mouse and human oocytes.

Oocyte in vitro maturation is a technique in assisted reproductive technology. Thousands of genes show abnormally high expression in in vitro maturated metaphase II (MII) oocytes compared to those matured in vivo in bovines, mice, and humans. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Here, we use poly(A) inclusive RNA isoform sequencing (PAIso-seq) for profiling the transcriptome-wide poly(A) tails in both in vivo and in vitro matured mouse and human oocytes. Our results demonstrate that the observed increase in maternal mRNA abundance is caused by impaired deadenylation in in vitro MII oocytes. Moreover, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of dormant Btg4 and Cnot7 mRNAs, which encode key components of deadenylation machinery, is impaired in in vitro MII oocytes, contributing to reduced translation of these deadenylase machinery components and subsequently impaired global maternal mRNA deadenylation. Our findings highlight impaired maternal mRNA deadenylation as a distinct molecular defect in in vitro MII oocytes.

Long-Term Remission with Novel Combined Immune-Targeted Treatment for Histiocytic Sarcoma Accompanied by Follicular Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an extremely rare but aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, and the prognosis has been reported to be rather unfavorable with a median overall survival of merely 6 months. We presented a 58-year-old female patient complaining of abdominal pain and fever, who was admitted to our institution in September 2021. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) scan showed enlargement of generalized multiple lymph nodes. Subsequently, laparoscopic retroperitoneal lesion biopsy and bone marrow aspiration were performed. The pathological findings indicated the diagnosis of HS concurrent with follicular lymphoma. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the tumor lesion revealed a high expression of CD38 and PD-L1 proteins. Furthermore, KRAS gene mutation was identified by means of next-generation sequencing. The patient exhibited poor treatment response to both first- and second-line cytotoxic chemotherapies. Therefore, she underwent six cycles of Daratumumab (anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody), Pazopanib (multi-target receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor) combined with third-line chemotherapy, followed by involved-site radiotherapy and maintenance therapy with the PD-1 inhibitor Tislelizumab. Long-term partial remission was finally achieved after multi-modality treatment. Duration of remission and overall survival reached 22 and 32 months, respectively. Our case indicated that immuno-targeted treatment coupled with chemotherapy and radiotherapy might constitute a potential therapeutic option for HS.

Development of ultra-short pulse reflectometry on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST).

Microwave reflectometry is an invaluable diagnostic tool for measuring electron density profiles in large fusion devices. Density fluctuations near the plasma cutoff layer, particularly those that are time-varying on the timescale of the reflectometry measurement, can result in distortions in phase and/or amplitude of the reflected waveform, which present challenges to the accuracy of the reconstructed profile. The ultra-short pulse reflectometry (USPR) technique eliminates the time-varying issue in that reflectometry data are collected on a nanosecond timescale, essentially freezing the fluctuations in place. An X-mode dedicated 32-channel USPR system has been developed and installed on the EAST, covering the operation frequency range from 52 to 92 GHz. This system enables high-resolution density profile measurements in the plasma pedestal and scrape-off layer, with resolutions reaching 5 mm and 1 µs, respectively. Laboratory testing of the system performance has been conducted, demonstrating the potential of the USPR technique to provide accurate and high-temporal-resolution density profiles in challenging plasma environments.

Prognostic impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation in myocardial infarction with and without improved ejection fraction.

AIMS: Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (impEF) often presents in contemporary acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) during AMI is an important predictor of subsequential heart failure (HF), while its impact on the trajectory of post-MI left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and prognostic implication in patients with and without impEF remains undetermined. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impacts of NOAF in AMI patients with and without impEF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive AMI patients without a prior history of AF between February 2014 and March 2018 with baseline LVEF ≤ 40% and had ≥1 LVEF measurement after baseline were included. ImpEF was defined as a baseline LVEF ≤ 40% and a re-evaluation showed both LVEF > 40% and an absolute increase of LVEF ≥ 10%. Persistently reduced EF (prEF) was defined as the second measurement of LVEF either ≤40% or an absolute increase of LVEF < 10%. The primary endpoint was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) that was composed of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. Cox regression analysis and competing risk analysis were performed to assess the association of post-MI NOAF with MACE. Among 293 patients (mean age: 66.6 ± 11.3 years, 79.2% of males), 145 (49.5%) had impEF and 67 (22.9%) developed NOAF. Higher heart rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.97; P = 0.015), prior MI (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09-0.69; P = 0.008), and STEMI (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.77; P = 0.006) were independent predictors of post-MI impEF. Within up to 5 years of follow-up, there were 22 (15.2%) and 53 (35.8%) MACE in patients with impEF and prEF, respectively. NOAF was an independent predictor of MACE in patients with impEF (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.34, 95% CI: 2.49-21.59; P < 0.001) but not in those with prEF (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.39-1.55; P = 0.483) after multivariable adjustment. Similar results were obtained when accounting for the competing risk of all-cause death (subdistribution HR and 95% CIs in impEF and prEF were 6.47 [2.32-18.09] and 0.79 [0.39-1.61], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The NOAF was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes in AMI patients with impEF.

Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Right Ventricular Function of Clinically Well Patients with Heart Transplantation.

Heart transplantation (HT) is the mainstream therapy for end-stage heart disease. However, the cardiac graft function can be affected by several factors. It is important to monitor HT patients for signs of graft dysfunction. Transthoracic echocardiography is a simple, first-line, and non-invasive method for the assessment of cardiac function. The emerging speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) could quickly and easily provide additive information over traditional echocardiography. STE longitudinal deformation parameters are markers of early impairment of ventricular function. Although once called the "forgotten ventricle", right ventricular (RV) assessment has gained attention in recent years. This review highlights the potentially favorable role of STE in assessing RV systolic function in clinically well HT patients.

Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Enteropeptin A.

The total synthesis and structural elucidation of the antimicrobial sactipeptide enteropeptin A is reported. Enteropeptin A contains a thioaminoketal group with an unassigned stereochemical configuration that is embedded in a highly unusual thiomorpholine ring. In this synthesis, a linear peptide containing a dehydroamino acid and a pendant cysteine residue is subjected to Markovnikov hydrothiolation by a dithiophosphoric acid catalyst. This cyclization reaction forms the central thiomorpholine ring found in the enteropeptins. Both diastereomers at the unassigned thioaminoketal stereocenter of enteropeptin A were prepared, and their comparison to an authentic standard allowed for the unambiguous stereochemical assignment of the natural product to be of the D configuration. This inaugural total synthesis of enteropeptin A represents the first total synthesis of a sactipeptide reported to date. Moreover, the strategy disclosed herein serves as a general platform for the synthesis of stereochemically defined thiomorpholine-containing peptides, which may enable the discovery of new cyclic peptide antibiotics.

Creating CoRu Dual Active Sites Codecorated Stable Porous Ceria Support for Enhanced Li-CO2 Batteries Cathodes.

Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2) battery represents a high-energy density energy storage with excellent real-time CO2 enrichment and conversion, but its practical utilization is hampered by the development of an excellent catalytic cathode. Here, the synergistic catalytic strategy of designing CoRu bimetallic active sites achieves the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 and the efficient decomposition of the discharge products, which in turn realizes the smooth operation of the Li-CO2 battery. Moreover, obtained support based on metal-organic frameworks precursors facilitates the convenient diffusion and adsorption of CO2, resulting in higher reaction concentration and lower mass transfer resistance. Meanwhile, the optimization of the interfacial electronic structure and the effective transfer of electrons are achieved by virtue of the strong interaction of CoRu at the support interface. As a result, the Li-CO2 cell assembled based on bimetallic CoRu active sites achieved a discharge capacity of 19,111 mA h g-1 and a steady-state discharge voltage of 2.58 V as well as a cycle life of >175 cycles at a rate of 100 mA g-1. Further experiments combined with density-functional theory calculations achieve a deeply view of the connection between cathode and electrochemical performance and pave a way for the subsequent development of advanced Li-CO2 catalytic cathodes.

SOD3 suppresses early cellular immune responses to parasite infection.

Host immune responses are tightly controlled by various immune factors during infection, and protozoan parasites also manipulate the immune system to evade surveillance, leading to an evolutionary arms race in host‒pathogen interactions; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We observed that the level of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) was significantly elevated in both Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients and mice infected with four parasite species. SOD3-deficient mice had a substantially longer survival time and lower parasitemia than control mice after infection, whereas SOD3-overexpressing mice were much more vulnerable to parasite infection. We revealed that SOD3, secreted from activated neutrophils, bound to T cells, suppressed the interleukin-2 expression and concomitant interferon-gamma responses crucial for parasite clearance. Overall, our findings expose active fronts in the arms race between the parasites and host immune system and provide insights into the roles of SOD3 in shaping host innate immune responses to parasite infection.

Iridium(III) carbene complexes as potent girdin inhibitors against metastatic cancers.

Many cancer-driving protein targets remain undruggable due to a lack of binding molecular scaffolds. In this regard, octahedral metal complexes with unique and versatile three-dimensional structures have rarely been explored as inhibitors of undruggable protein targets. Here, we describe antitumor iridium(III) pyridinium-N-heterocyclic carbene complex 1a, which profoundly reduces the viability of lung and breast cancer cells as well as cancer patient-derived organoids at low micromolar concentrations. Compound 1a effectively inhibits the growth of non-small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer xenograft tumors, impedes the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells, and can be modified into an antibody-drug conjugate payload to achieve precise tumor delivery in mice. Identified by thermal proteome profiling, an important molecular target of 1a in cellulo is Girdin, a multifunctional adaptor protein that is overexpressed in cancer cells and unequivocally serves as a signaling hub for multiple pivotal oncogenic pathways. However, specific small-molecule inhibitors of Girdin have not yet been developed. Notably, 1a exhibits high binding affinity to Girdin with a Kd of 1.3 µM and targets the Girdin-linked EGFR/AKT/mTOR/STAT3 cancer-driving pathway, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and metastatic activity. Our study reveals a potent Girdin-targeting anticancer compound and demonstrates that octahedral metal complexes constitute an untapped library of small-molecule inhibitors that can fit into the ligand-binding pockets of key oncoproteins.

Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction in artificial intelligence based on left ventricular opacification.

Background: Left ventricular opacification (LVO) improves the accuracy of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by enhancing the visualization of the endocardium. Manual delineation of the endocardium by sonographers has observer variability. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve the reproducibility of LVO to assess LVEF. Objectives: The aim was to develop an AI model and evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of LVO in the assessment of LVEF. Methods: This retrospective study included 1305 echocardiography of 797 patients who had LVO at the Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2013 to 2021. The AI model was developed by 5-fold cross validation. The validation datasets included 50 patients prospectively collected in our center and 42 patients retrospectively collected in the external institution. To evaluate the differences between LV function determined by AI and sonographers, the median absolute error (MAE), spearman correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Results: In LVO, the MAE of LVEF between AI and manual measurements was 2.6% in the development cohort, 2.5% in the internal validation cohort, and 2.7% in the external validation cohort. Compared with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), the left ventricular (LV) volumes and LVEF of LVO measured by AI correlated significantly with manual measurements. AI model provided excellent reliability for the LV parameters of LVO (ICC > 0.95). Conclusions: AI-assisted LVO enables more accurate identification of the LV endocardium and reduces observer variability, providing a more reliable way for assessing LV function.

Ginkgolic acids induce liver injury in mice through cell cycle arrest and immune stress under specific condition.

Ginkgo biloba L. is a valuable plant, which can be used for medicine, food and ornamental purposes. Despite the above benefits, the components of ginkgolic acids (GA) in ginkgo are considered to cause allergies, embryotoxicity, liver damage and some other adverse reactions. However, the mechanism of GA induced liver injury is still unclear. In this study, we developed an acute liver injury model induced by GA in mice, and investigated the mechanism of GA induced liver injury from the perspectives of oxidative stress, steatosis, apoptosis, and immune response. Intraperitoneal injection of GA (400 mg/kg) can cause liver damage. The levels of serum transaminase, oxidation and triglycerides were increased, liver fibrosis, hepatocyte apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest of the hepatic cell cycle and monocyte infiltration in the liver were detected in GA-treated mice. Flow cytometry analysis of cells separated from the spleen showed that the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells were increased, and the proportion of Th2 cells were decreased in GA-treated mice. The rise in Th1/Th2 ratio and Th17 cell ratio usually cause inflammatory problems. At the same time, cleaved Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 were detected in hepatocytes, indicating that GA may induce apoptosis through FADD pathway. Although GA is capable of causing the above problems, the inflammation and damage in liver tissue are not severe and there are certain individual differences. Our study reveals the potential hepatotoxicity of GA in ginkgo and its mechanism of action, providing a new perspective for the intervention and prevention of ginkgo toxicity.

Heterotopic pregnancy: a case report of intrauterine hydatidiform mole with tubal pregnancy.

We herein report a rare case of simultaneous intrauterine molar pregnancy and tubal pregnancy. A woman of childbearing age who had never been pregnant underwent an ultrasound examination 70 days after the onset of menopause. She had a history of ovulation induction. The ultrasound findings suggested a partial hydatidiform mole. She was then pathologically confirmed to have a complete hydatidiform mole after uterine suction dilation and curettage. On postoperative day 4, an ultrasound examination before discharge showed an inhomogeneous mass in the left adnexal region with mild lower abdominal pain. On postoperative day 17, the blood human chorionic gonadotropin level did not drop as expected, and a follow-up examination still indicated a mass in the left adnexal region. We were unable to rule out an ectopic hydatidiform mole. Hysteroscopy with laparoscopic exploration of the left adnexal mass and salpingotomy suggested a diagnosis of intrauterine hydatidiform mole combined with left tubal pregnancy.

An innovative approach to improving lactic acid production from food waste using iron tailings.

In this study, the feasibility of promoting the lactic acid (LA) fermentation of food waste (FW) with iron tailings (ITs) addition was explored. The best LA yield was 0.91 g LA/g total sugar when 1 % ITs were added into the system. The mechanisms for promoting LA production were acidification alleviation effects and reduction equivalent supply of ITs. Furthermore, the addition of ITs promoted carbohydrate hydrolysis, and the carbohydrates digestibility reached 88.85 % in the 1 % ITs group. The ITs also affected the microbial communities, Lactococcus gradually replaced Streptococcus as the dominant genus, and results suggested that Lactococcus had a positive correlation with LA production and carbohydrate digestibility. Finally, the complex LAB in FW had significant effects on heavy metal removal from ITs, and the removal efficiency Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg can reach 50.84 %, 26.72 %, 59.65 %, 49.75 % and 78.87 % in the 1 % ITs group, respectively.

Bottom-up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction.

One challenge confronting the Cu2O catalysts in the electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is the reduction of active Cu(I) species, resulting in low selectivity and quick deactivation. In this study, we for the first time introduce a bottom-up growth of convex sphere with adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interfaces (Cux@Cu2O convex spheres). Interestingly, the interfaces are dynamically modulated by varying hydrothermal time, thus regulating the conversion of C1 and C2 products. In particular, the 4 h hydrothermal treatment applied to Cu0.25@Cu2O convex sphere with the favorable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface results in the highest selectivity for C2 products (90.5 %). In situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal that the Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface lowers the energy barrier for the production of ethylene and ethanol while increasing the coverage of localized *CO adsorbate for increased dimerization. This work establishes a novel approach for transforming the state of valence-sensitive electrocatalysts into high-value energy-related engineering products.

Effect of Chinese quince proanthocyanidins on the inhibition of heterocyclic amines and quality of fried chicken meatballs and tofu.

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) have potential carcinogenic and mutagenic activity and are generated in cooked protein-rich foods. Adding proanthocyanidins (PAs) to these foods before frying is an effective way to reduce HCAs. In this study, polymeric PAs (PPA) and ultrasound-assisted acid-catalyzed/catechin nucleophilic depolymerized PAs (UAPA, a type of oligomeric PA) were prepared from Chinese quince fruits (CQF). Different levels of PPA and UAPA (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15%) were added to chicken meatballs and tofu; then these foods were fried, and the content of HCAs in them after frying was investigated. The results showed that PPA and, particularly, UAPA significantly inhibited the formation of HCAs in fried meatballs and tofu, and this inhibition was dose-dependent. The inhibition of HCAs by both PPA and UAPA was stronger in the chicken meatballs than in fried tofu. The level of total HCAs was significantly reduced by 57.84% (from 11.93 to 5.03 ng/g) after treatment of meatballs with 0.15% UAPA, with inhibition rates of 78.94%, 50.37%, and 17.81% for norharman, harman, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), respectively. Of note, there was a negative correlation between water, lipid, protein, creatine, and glucose content and HCA content in the crust, interior, and whole (crust-plus-interior) measurements of all fried samples. Interestingly, PPA and UAPA were found more effective in inhibiting HCAs in the exterior crust than in the interior of the fried chicken meatballs. These results provide evidence that further studies on the reduction of the formation of harmful HCAs in fried foods by adding CQF PAs could be valuable to the fried food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chinese quince proanthocyanidins treatments significantly inhibited the generation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in chicken meatballs and tofu when deep-fried. These results suggest that Chinese quince proanthocyanidins can be used as natural food additive for reducing HCAs in fried foods, laying the foundation for using Chinese quince fruit proanthocyanidins for HCA inhibition in the food industry.

Design and optimization of an octuple-electrode array for micro-particle chain rotation via electrorotation integrated with machine vision technology.

Microparticle rotation is an important process in biomedical engineering, such as biosensors, cell injection or cell morphology. Single particle rotation has been widely investigated, while rotation of particle chains has gained rare attention. In this paper, we utilize a noncontact manipulation method to rotate microparticle chains via electrorotation by designing an octuple-electrode array (OEA). Finite element simulations were conducted for analyzing the desired electrode field and optimizing the structure of microelectrode pairs. The direction of the electric field in the workspace is investigated with different voltage signal inputs through specially designed circuits. In the experiment, microparticles are driven to form several chains in the proposed electrode fields. With the rotation of the electric field, particle chains could be rotated synchronously. Automated rotation and detection of polystyrene microspheres and yeast cell chains are achieved using machine vision technology. Results show that the proposed method could be utilized to rotate ordered microparticles with an appropriate input signal.

Toll-like receptor 9 signaling is associated with immune responses to Trypanosoma brucei infection.

Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of human and animal trypanosomiasis, regularly switches its major surface antigen to avoid elimination by the immune system. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a key modulator for resistance to host-infective trypanosomes; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains indistinct. Thus, we first approached the issue using Tlr9-mutant mice that render them non-responsive to TLR9 agonists. After infection, T cells in the spleens of Tlr9-mutant mice were analyzed by flow cytometry and a reduction in CD8+, CD4+ T, and NKT cells was observed in Tlr9-mutant mice compared to WT mice. We further found that the responses of inflammatory cytokines in the sera were reduced in Tlr9-mutant mice after T. brucei infection. The underlying molecular mechanism was that T. b. brucei DNA activated TLR9, which consequently upregulated the expression of p38 and ERK/MAPK, resulting in host resistance to trypanosome infection. In conclusion, these findings provide novel insights into the TLR9-mediated host responses to trypanosome infection.

Why are graminoid species more dominant? Trait-mediated plant-soil feedbacks shape community composition.

Species traits may determine plant interactions along with soil microbiome, further shaping plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs). However, how plant traits modulate PSFs and, consequently, the dominance of plant functional groups remains unclear. We used a combination of field surveys and a two-phase PSF experiment to investigate whether forbs and graminoids differed in PSFs and in their trait-PSF associations. When grown in forb-conditioned soils, forbs experienced stronger negative feedbacks, while graminoids experienced positive feedbacks. Graminoid-conditioned soil resulted in neutral PSFs for both functional types. Forbs with thin roots and small seeds showed more-negative PSFs than those with thick roots and large seeds. Conversely, graminoids with acquisitive root and leaf traits (i.e., thin roots and thin leaves) demonstrated greater positive PSFs than graminoids with thick roots and tough leaves. By distinguishing overall and soil biota-mediated PSFs, we found that the associations between plant traits and PSFs within both functional groups were mainly mediated by soil biota. A simulation model demonstrated that such differences in PSFs could lead to a dominance of graminoids over forbs in natural plant communities, which might explain why graminoids dominate in grasslands. Our study provides new insights into the differentiation and adaptation of plant life-history strategies under selection pressures imposed by soil biota.

Negative Emotions Will Be Welcomed: The Effect of Upward Comparison on Counterhedonic Consumption.

Upward comparisons are prevalent in life and have a significant influence on consumer psychology and subsequent behavior. Previous research examined the effects of upward comparisons on consumption behavior, mainly focusing on behavior that evokes positive emotions (e.g., donation behavior, sustainable consumption) or behavior that evokes negative emotions (e.g., impulsive consumption, compulsive consumption) and less on behavior that evokes both negative emotions and positive emotions (i.e., counterhedonic consumption). This research examined the effect of upward comparisons on counterhedonic consumption. Five studies (N = 1111) demonstrated that upward comparison (vs. non-upward comparison) leads to counterhedonic consumption, and this effect is mediated by relative deprivation (Studies 2 and 3). In addition, this research showed that the comparison targets moderate the effects of upward comparisons on counterhedonic consumption. Specifically, when the comparison target is a friend, an upward comparison (vs. non-upward comparison) leads to counterhedonic consumption. When the comparison target is a stranger, an upward comparison (vs. non-upward comparison) has no significant influence on counterhedonic consumption (Study 5). Our findings extend the research on upward comparisons, relative deprivation, and counterhedonic consumption.

Copper-Bearing Metal-Organic Framework with Mucus-Penetrating Function for the Multi-Effective Clearance of Mucosal Colonized Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori colonizes over 50% of people worldwide. Biofilm formation through penetrating gastric mucus and resistance acquired by H. pylori markedly reduces the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. The present triple therapy and bismuth-based quadruple therapy inevitably causes intestinal flora disturbance and fails to address the excessive H. pylori-triggered inflammatory response. Herein, a mucus-permeable therapeutic platform (Cu-MOF@NF) that consists of copper-bearing metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) loaded with nitrogen-doped carbon dots and naturally active polysaccharide fucoidan is developed. The experimental results demonstrate that Cu-MOF@NF can penetrate the mucus layer and hinder H. pylori from adhering on gastric epithelial cells of the stomach. Notably, released Cu2+ can degrade the polysaccharides in the biofilm and interfere with the cyclic growing mode of "bacterioplankton ↔ biofilm", thereby preventing recurrent and persistent infection. Compared with traditional triple therapy, the Cu-MOF@NF not only possesses impressive antibacterial effect (even include multidrug-resistant strains), but also improves the inflammatory microenvironment without disrupting the balance of intestinal flora, providing a more efficient, safe, and antibiotic-free new approach to eradicating H. pylori.