Effectiveness of risk-based caries management among Chinese preschool children: a randomized controlled single-blind trial.

BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) remain a serious oral health problem on a global scale. Risk-based caries management (RBCM) implemented in some parts of the world has been effective in preventing ECC. However, there is a lack of prospective research on the application of RBCM among Chinese children, and little is known about its effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of RBCM in preventing caries among children aged 3-5 years in Wanzhou District, Chongqing Municipality, China. METHODS: Three- to five-year-old children from four kindergartens in Wanzhou were randomly selected for baseline dental examination and caries risk assessment (CRA) and randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG) according to the kindergarten. The EG received caries prevention measures of different intensities based on the child's caries risk level. The CG received full-mouth fluoride twice a year according to standard prevention, regardless of their caries risk. One year later, another dental examination and CRA were conducted, to observe changes in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index and caries risk, and to analyze potential factors that may affect the incidence of new caries. RESULTS: Complete data were collected from 291 children (EG, N = 140, 84.8%; CG, N = 181, 83.4%). A total of 25.7% of the EG and 50.3% of the CG children developed new caries, with newly added dmft scores of 0.54 ± 1.12 and 1.32 ± 1.72, respectively (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that children living in rural areas, assigned to the CG, and rated as high-risk at baseline were more likely to develop new caries (P < 0.05). The proportion of children with an increased caries risk in the EG was significantly lower than that in the CG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RBCM effectively prevented new caries in 3- to 5-year-old Wanzhou children and reduced the proportion of children at increased risk of caries. It is an effective approach for preventing ECC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Register. The registration number was ChiCTR230067551 (11/01/2023).

Nanoparticles targeting OPN loaded with BY1 inhibits vascular restenosis by inducing FTH1-dependent ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Vascular restenosis following angioplasty continues to pose a significant challenge. The heterocyclic trioxirane compound [1, 3, 5-tris((oxiran-2-yl)methyl)-1, 3, 5-triazinane-2, 4, 6-trione (TGIC)], known for its anticancer activity, was utilized as the parent ring to conjugate with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, resulting in the creation of the spliced conjugated compound BY1. We found that BY1 induced ferroptosis in VSMCs as well as in neointima hyperplasia. Furthermore, ferroptosis inducers amplified BY1-induced cell death, while inhibitors mitigated it, indicating the contribution of ferroptosis to BY1-induced cell death. Additionally, we established that ferritin heavy chain1 (FTH1) played a pivotal role in BY1-induced ferroptosis, as evidenced by the fact that FTH1 overexpression abrogated BY1-induced ferroptosis, while FTH1 knockdown exacerbated it. Further study found that BY1 induced ferroptosis by enhancing the NCOA4-FTH1 interaction and increasing the amount of intracellular ferrous. We compared the effectiveness of various administration routes for BY1, including BY1-coated balloons, hydrogel-based BY1 delivery, and nanoparticles targeting OPN loaded with BY1 (TOP@MPDA@BY1) for targeting proliferated VSMCs, for prevention and treatment of the restenosis. Our results indicated that TOP@MPDA@BY1 was the most effective among the three administration routes, positioning BY1 as a highly promising candidate for the development of drug-eluting stents or treatments for restenosis.

Clinical feasibility of laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection with magnetic anchor technique: The first clinical study from China.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic anchor technique (MAT) has been applied in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy, but has not been reported in laparoscopic partial hepatectomy. AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of the MAT in laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of eight patients who underwent laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection assisted by MAT in our department from July 2020 to November 2021. The Y-Z magnetic anchor devices (Y-Z MADs) was independently designed and developed by the author of this paper, which consists of the anchor magnet and magnetic grasping apparatus. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative accidents, operator experience, postoperative incision pain score, postoperative complications, and other indicators were evaluated and analyzed. RESULTS: All eight patients underwent a MAT-assisted laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection, including three patients undertaking conventional 5-port and five patients having a transumbilical single-port operation. The mean operation time was 138 ± 34.32 min (range 95-185 min) and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 123 ± 88.60 mL (range 20-300 mL). No adverse events occurred during the operation. The Y-Z MADs showed good workability and maneuverability in both tissue and organ exposure. In particular, the operators did not experience either a "chopstick" or "sword-fight" effect in the single-port laparoscopic operation. CONCLUSION: The results show that the MAT is safe and feasible for laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection, especially, exhibits its unique abettance for transumbilical single-port laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection.

[Effect of Biochar on NO3--N Transport in Loessial Soil and Its Simulation].

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different amounts of biochar on the migration process and characteristics of NO3--N in loessial soil. In this study, six groups of mixed soil samples with biochar and loessial soil mass ratios of 0% (T0), 1% (T1), 2% (T2), 3% (T3), 4% (T4), and 5% (T5) were used as research objects. NO3--N was used as the tracer. Through the indoor soil column solute transport simulation tests, the effects of different biochar application amounts on the NO3--N transport process in loessial soil were simulated and studied. The results showed that the breakthrough curve of NO3--N in loessial soil shifted to the right with the increasing of biochar application, and the peak value gradually decreased. The initial penetration time, complete penetration time, and total penetration time increased with the increasing of biochar application amount. The total penetration time of NO3- in the T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 treatments was 1.26, 2.31, 2.72, 3.22, and 3.57 times that of T0, respectively. The R2 was > 0.997 and RMSE was < 2.083 of the two-zone model (TRM). Compared with the convection-dispersion equation (CDE), the TRM model had higher fitting accuracy and could better simulate the NO3--N migration process in loessial soil after the application of different contents of biochar. The analysis of the fitting parameters of the TRM model showed that the average pore velocity, hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and water content ratio in the movable zone gradually decreased with the increasing of biochar application, whereas the dispersion and mass exchange coefficient showed an increasing trend. The results showed that biochar application could effectively enhance the ability of loessial soil to fix NO3--N, reduce the leakage of NO3--N to groundwater, and play an important role in maintaining soil fertility and preventing groundwater pollution.

Changes of soil nutrients and organic carbon fractions in Caragana korshinskii forests with different restoration years in mountainous areas of southern Ningxia, China.

Vegetation restoration can effectively enhance soil quality and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. In this study, the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients and SOC along soil profile (0-100 cm), and their responses to restoration years (16, 28, 38 years) were studied in Caragana korshinskii plantations in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia, compared with cropland and natural grassland. The results showed that: 1) the contents of SOC, soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and the proportion of particulate organic carbon to total organic carbon (POC/SOC) all decreased with increasing soil depth. The ratio of mineral-associated organic carbon to total organic carbon (MAOC/SOC) exhibited an opposite trend. 2) The contents of SOC, TN, TP, C:P, N:P, POC and MAOC gra-dually decreased as the restoration years increased. However, the C:N ratio showed no significant change. The POC/SOC ratio initially increased and then decreased, while the MAOC/SOC ratio decreased initially and then increased. 3) In three different types of vegetation, POC, MAOC, and SOC showed a highly significant positive linear correlation, with the increase in SOC mainly depended on the increase in MAOC. The SOC, TN, TP, POC and MAOC contents in natural grassland and C. korshinskii plantations were significantly higher than those in cropland. In conclusion, soil nutrients and POC and MAOC contents of C. korshinskii plantations gradually decreased with the increases in restoration years. However, when compared with cropland, natural grassland and C. korshinskii plantations demonstrated a greater capacity to maintain and enhance soil nutrient and carbon storage.

Five new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa.

Five undescribed eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, remophilanetriols E-I (1-5), along with seven known compounds (6-12) were isolated from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and their absolute configurations were determined by comparing their calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and experimental ECD spectra. The anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities of all compounds were evaluated in vitro by MTT methods, and compounds 2, 8, 10, and 12 exhibited excellent anti-pulmonary fibrosis activities. In addition, compound 2 can reduce the levels of ROS and apoptosis in TGF-ß1-induced BEAS-2B cells.

Efficient O- and S-glycosylation with ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzyl thioglycoside donors by catalytic strain-release.

We herein present a strain-release glycosylation method employing a rationally designed ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzyl (CCPB) thioglycoside donor. The donor is activated through the nucleophilic ring-opening of a remotely activable donor-acceptor cyclopropane (DAC) catalyzed by mild Sc(OTf)3. Our new glycosylation method efficiently synthesizes O-, N-, and S-glycosides, providing facile chemical access to the challenging S-glycosides. Because the activation conditions of conventional glycosyl donors and our CCPB thioglycoside are orthogonal, our novel donor is amenable to controlled one-pot glycosylation reactions with conventional donors for expeditious access to complex glycans. The strain-release glycosylation is applied to the assembly of a tetrasaccharide of O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O-33 in one pot and the synthesis of a 1,1'-S-linked glycoside oral galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitor, TD139, to demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the novel method for constructing both O- and S-glycosides.

[Distribution characteristics of microbial necromass carbon along soil profiles in different restoration periods of Caragana korshinskii in mountainous areas of Southern Ningxia, China]. / å®å—å±±åŒºä¸åŒæ¢å¤å¹´é™æŸ æ¡æž—åœ°åœŸå£¤å¾®ç”Ÿç‰©æ®‹ä½“ç¢³æ²¿å‰–é¢åˆ†å¸ƒç‰¹å¾.

Microbial necromass, an important and stable source of soil organic carbon (SOC), is an important index to evaluate the contribution of microorganisms to SOC transformation and accumulation. It is not clear about the accumulation of microbial necromass in deep soil layer and its contribution to SOC during the restoration process of Caragana korshinskii forests. Combined with the biomarker method, we investigated the carbon contents of bacte-rial, fungal, and microbial necromass in the soil profiles (0-100 cm) of C. korshinskii forests in 16, 28, and 38 years of restoration, with natural grassland as control. We further examined the contribution of microbial necromass to soil organic carbon. The results showed that: 1) Along the soil profile (0-100 cm), the contents of fungal necromass carbon (FNC), bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), and microbial necromass carbon (MNC) significantly decreased with increasing soil depth in natural grassland and C. korshinskii forests. Except for the significant decrease in FNC/SOC, BNC/SOC, and MNC/SOC in the soil of C. korshinskii forests in 38 years of restoration, FNC/SOC and MNC/SOC generally showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend in other plots, while BNC/SOC gradually decreased. 2) With the increases of restoration years, the contents of FNC, BNC, and MNC significantly decreased in C. korshinskii forests. FNC/SOC and MNC/SOC showed an overall increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend, while BNC/SOC gradually decreased. 3) The average contribution of microbial necromass carbon to SOC was highest in C. korshinskii forests in 28 years of restoration (35.0%), followed by C. korshinskii forests in 16 years of restoration (33.5%), natural grassland (31.0%), and C. korshinskii forests in 38 years of restoration (28.6%). In conclusion, when the restoration years of C. korshinskii forests are 16, the contents of microbial necromass carbon and their contributions to SOC are higher compared to natural grassland, which are beneficial for SOC sequestration.

Assessing cognitive biases induced by acute formalin or hotplate treatment: an animal study using affective bias test.

Pain, a universal and burdensome condition, influences numerous individuals worldwide. It encompasses sensory, emotional, and cognitive facets, with recent research placing a heightened emphasis on comprehending pain's impact on emotion and cognition. Cognitive bias, which encompasses attentional bias, interpretation bias, and memory bias, signifies the presence of cognitive distortions influenced by emotional factors. It has gained significant prominence in pain-related research. Human studies have shown that individuals experiencing pain exhibit cognitive bias. Similarly, animal studies have demonstrated cognitive bias in pain-induced states across various species and disease models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the memory bias displayed by rats experiencing acute pain, using the affective bias test (ABT) as a tool and administering either hotplate or formalin to induce acute pain. Our data showed that rats demonstrated a significant preference for the control treatment-related substrate over the substrate associated with formalin treatment (p < 0.001), an indication of the prominent memory bias stimulated by acute formalin injections. However, when exposed to substrates related to hotplate treatment and control treatment, the acute pain induced by the hotplate treatment failed to generate a statistically significant choice bias in rats (p = 0.674). Our study demonstrates that the negative emotions associated with acute pain can be reflected by memory bias in ABT, at least for formalin-induced acute pain. This finding will augment our comprehension of the emotional and cognitive aspects of acute pain.

Oxygen vacancy chemistry in oxide cathodes.

Secondary batteries are a core technology for clean energy storage and conversion systems, to reduce environmental pollution and alleviate the energy crisis. Oxide cathodes play a vital role in revolutionizing battery technology due to their high capacity and voltage for oxide-based batteries. However, oxygen vacancies (OVs) are an essential type of defect that exist predominantly in both the bulk and surface regions of transition metal (TM) oxide batteries, and have a crucial impact on battery performance. This paper reviews previous studies from the past few decades that have investigated the intrinsic and anionic redox-mediated OVs in the field of secondary batteries. We focus on discussing the formation and evolution of these OVs from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, as well as their impact on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of oxide cathodes. Finally, we offer insights into the utilization of OVs to enhance the energy density and lifespan of batteries. We expect that this review will advance our understanding of the role of OVs and subsequently boost the development of high-performance electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices.

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of enterovirus D68 from 2013 to 2020 in Shanghai.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging pathogen that has caused outbreaks of severe respiratory disease worldwide, especially in children. We aim to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of EV-D68 in children from Shanghai. Nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples collected from children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia were screened for EV-D68. Nine of 3997 samples were EV-D68-positive. Seven of nine positive samples were sequenced and submitted to GenBank. Based on partial polyprotein gene (3D) or complete sequence analysis, we found the seven strains belong to different clades and subclades, including three D1 (detected in 2013 and 2014), one D2 (2013), one D3 (2019), and two B3 (2014 and 2018). Overall, we show different clades and subclades of EV-D68 spread with low positive rates (0.2%) among children in Shanghai between 2013 and 2020. Amino acid mutations were found in the epitopes of the VP1 BC and DE loops and C-terminus; similarity analysis provided evidence for recombination as an important mechanism of genomic diversification. Both single nucleotide mutations and recombination play a role in evolution of EV-D68. Genetic instability within these clinical strains may indicate large outbreaks could occur following cumulative mutations.

Novel lncRNA Gm33149 modulates metastatic heterogeneity in melanoma by regulating the miR-5623-3p/Wnt axis via exosomal transfer.

The high mortality rate associated with melanoma primarily results from metastasis and recurrence. However, the precise mechanisms driving these processes remain poorly understood. Intercellular communication between cancer cells and non-cancer cells significantly influences the tumor microenvironment and plays a crucial role in metastasis. Therefore, our current study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating the interaction between melanoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-CSCs during the metastatic colonization process. This study has characterized a novel lncRNA called Gm33149. Importantly, we provide evidence for the first time that Gm33149, originating from highly metastatic melanoma stem cells (OL-SD), can be packaged into exosomes and transferred to low-metastatic nonstem cells (OL). Once internalized by OL cells, Gm33149 exerts its function through a competitive endogenous RNA mechanism (ceRNA) involving miR-5623-3p. Specifically, Gm33149 competitively binds to miR-5623-3p, thereby activating the Wnt signaling pathway and promoting the acquisition of a more aggressive metastatic phenotype by OL cells. In summary, our findings suggest that targeting lncRNA Gm33149 within extracellular vesicles could potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Schematic representation of the mechanisms underlying the pro-metastatic activity of lncRNA Gm33149 mediated by exosomal transfer. The figure illustrates the key mechanisms involved in the pro-metastatic activity of lncRNA Gm33149 through exosomal transfer. Melanoma stem cells (OLSD) release exosomes containing lncRNA Gm33149. These exosomes are taken up by non-stem melanoma cells (OL), delivering lncRNA Gm33149 to the recipient cells. Within OL cells, lncRNA Gm33149 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), sequestering miR-5623-3p. This sequestration prevents miR-5623-3p from binding to its target genes, thereby activating the Wnt signaling pathway. The activated Wnt signaling pathway enhances the migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization capabilities of OL cells. The transfer of lncRNA Gm33149 via exosomes contributes to OL cells acquiring "metastatic competency" while promoting their metastatic colonization. These findings underscore the importance of lncRNA Gm33149 in intercellular communication and the metastatic progression of melanoma.

A novel lung cancer stem cell extracellular vesicles lncRNA ROLLCSC modulate non-stemness cancer cell plasticity through miR-5623-3p and miR-217-5p targeting lipid metabolism.

BACKGROUND: The high mortality rate of lung cancer is largely attributed to metastasis. Lung cancer stem cells (CSC) are conducive to cancer heterogeneity. Long noncoding RNAs are known to participate in various biological processes regulating the development of lung cancer. However, characterization of the role and mechanisms of lncRNA in lung cancer metastasis remains a challenge. RESULTS: We demonstrate that ROLLCSC, a highly expressed lncRNA in LLC-SDs, promotes the metastasis of the low metastatic LLCs both in vitro and in vivo. ROLLCSC can be transferred from LLC-SD to LLC through encapsulation in extracellular vesicles (EVs), ultimately leading to the enhancement of the metastatic phenotype of LLCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the pro-metastatic activity of ROLLCSC is achieved through its function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-5623-3p and miR-217-5p to stimulate lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: In this study, we have characterized ROLLCSC, a novel lncRNA, as a pivotal regulator in the metastasis of lung cancer, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Specifically, we show that ROLLCSC is encapsulated by the EVs of LLC-SDs and transmitted to the LLCs, where it acts as a ceRNA of miR-5623-3p and miR-217-5p to stimulate lipid metabolism and ultimately augments metastatic colonization of LLCs.

P-coumaric acid ameliorates Aß25-35-induced brain damage in mice by modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. There is great potential for natural products to be used in the development of anti-AD drugs. P-coumaric acid (PCA), a small molecule phenolic acid widely distributed in the plant kingdom, has pharmacological effects such as neuroprotection, but its anti-AD mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of PCA intervention in the Aß25-35-induced AD model using gut microbiomics and serum metabolomics combined with in vitro and in vivo pharmacological experiments. PCA was found to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and neuronal cell damage in Aß25-35-injected mice as measured by behavioral, pathological and biochemical indicators. 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics showed that PCA reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory-associated microbiota (morganella, holdemanella, fusicatenibacter and serratia) in the gut, which were closely associated with metabolites of the glucose metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and phospholipid metabolism pathways in serum. Next, in vivo and in vitro pharmacological investigations revealed that PCA regulated Aß25-35-induced disruption of glucose metabolism through activation of PI3K/AKT/Glut1 signaling. Additionally, PCA ameliorated Aß25-35-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB and by modulating upstream MAPK signaling. In conclusion, PCA ameliorated cognitive deficits in Aß25-35-induced AD mice by regulating glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation, and the mechanism is related not only to restoring homeostasis of gut microbiota and serum metabolites, but also to PI3K/AKT/Glut1 and MAPK/NF-κB signaling.

Hydrolysis of Gluten-Derived Celiac Disease-Triggering Peptides across a Broad pH Range by RmuAP1: A Novel Aspartic Peptidase Isolated from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.

An aspartate peptidase with proteolytic activity toward gluten was identified from an isolated red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain. This peptidase consists of 425 amino acids, comprising an N-terminal signal peptide, a propeptide, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The catalytic domain, termed RmuAP1CD, could be secreted by the recombinant oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, whose genome contains the expression cassette for RmuAP1CD. RmuAP1CD exhibited optimum activity at pH 2.5 when acting on bovine serum albumin. Moreover, it facilitated the hydrolysis of gluten-derived immunogenic peptides (GIPs), which are responsible for triggering celiac disease symptoms, across a pH range of 3.0-6.0. The preferred cleavage sites are P-Q-Q-↓-P-Q in the 26-mer and P-Q-L-↓-P-Y in the 33-mer GIPs. Conversely, porcine pepsin cannot hydrolyze these two GIPs. The ability of RmuAP1CD to degrade GIPs under acidic conditions of the stomach indicates its potential as a viable oral enzyme therapy for celiac disease.

[Platycladi Semen oil ameliorates Aß_(25-35)-induced brain injury in mice based on network pharmacology and gut microbiota].

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of Platycladi Semen oil(SP) on Aß_(25-35)-induced brain injury in mice to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Male Kunming(KM) mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group(brain injection of Aß_(25-35), 200 µmol·L~(-1), 0.15 µL·g~(-1)), a positive drug group(donepezil, 10 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-and high-dose SP groups(0.5 and 1 mL·kg~(-1)). Learning and memory ability, neuronal damage, levels of Aß_(1-42)/Aß_(1-40), p-Tau, related indicators of apoptosis and oxidative stress, and immune cells, and protein and mRNA expression related to the sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5(S1PR5) signaling pathway of mice in each group were determined. In addition, compounds in SP were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The mechanism of SP against AD was investigated by network pharmacology, 16S rDNA gene sequencing for gut microbiota(GM), and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that SP could improve the learning and memory function of Aß_(25-35)-induced mice, reduce hippocampal neuronal damage, decrease the levels of Aß_(1-42)/Aß_(1-40), p-Tau, and indicators related to apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain, and maintain the homeostasis of immune cells and GM. Network pharmacology and sequencing analysis for GM showed that the therapeutic effect of SP on AD was associated with the sphingolipid signaling pathway. Meanwhile,(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid and(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, the components with the highest content in SP, showed good binding activity to SPHK1 and S1PR5. Therefore, it is inferred that SP exerts anti-apoptosis and antioxidant effects by regulating GM and inhibiting SPHK1/S1P/S1PR5 pathway, thereby improving brain injury induced by Aß_(25-35) in mice. Moreover,(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid and(Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid may be the material basis for the anti-AD effect of SP.

Phosphorylation of the AMPARs regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) and protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) contribute to orofacial neuropathic pain.

The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) has been recognized to play a vital role in the development of neuropathic pain. Recent studies have indicated that protein kinase C (PKC) and protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) are involved in the phosphorylation of AMPARs. However, whether PKC and PICK1 were involved in the AMPAR phosphorylation in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) to participate in orofacial neuropathic pain remains enigmatic. A behavioral test was utilized to evaluate the head withdrawal threshold (HWT) after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). The distribution and expression of GluA1, GluA2, PKC, and PICK1 were examined in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) by immunofluorescence, real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and co-immunoprecipitation. Intra-ganglionic injections of drugs were performed to investigate the regulation mechanism. The present study demonstrated that CCI-ION-induced mechanical allodynia was maintained over at least 21 days. GluA1 and GluA2 were mainly expressed in the neurons. Trigeminal nerve injury potentiated the phosphorylation of GluA1, GluA2, and PKC in the TG, which was prevented by inhibiting PKC with chelerythrine chloride. Additionally, PICK1 colocalized and interacted with GluA2 in the TG. Following blocking PICK1 with FSC-231, the phosphorylation of GluA2 decreased. Finally, inhibition of PKC and PICK1 both alleviated mechanical allodynia in the whisker pad of CCI-ION mice. In conclusion, activation of PKC and PICK1 contribute to orofacial allodynia by regulating AMPAR phosphorylation in the TG of male mice, which provides potential therapeutic targets for alleviating orofacial neuropathic pain.

Novel deformable self-assembled magnetic anastomosis ring for endoscopic treatment of colonic stenosis via natural orifice.

BACKGROUND: Although endoscope-assisted magnetic compression anastomosis has already been reported for colonic anastomosis, there is no report on a single-approach operation using the natural orifice. AIM: To design a deformable self-assembled magnetic anastomosis ring (DSAMAR) for colonic anastomosis for use in single-approach operation and evaluate its feasibility and safety through animal experiments. METHODS: The animal model for colonic stenosis was prepared by partial colonic ligation in eight beagles. The magnetic compression anastomosis of their colonic stricture was performed by endoscopically assisted transanal implantation of the DSAMAR. The anastomotic specimen, obtained 2 wk after the operation, was observed by both the naked eye and a light microscope. RESULTS: The DSAMAR was successfully inserted into the proximal end of colon stenosis through the anus. The DSAMAR of seven dogs was successfully transformed into rings, while that of the remaining dog was removed after the first deformation failed. The rings were successfully retransformed after optimization. All animals underwent colonic anastomosis using the DSAMAR. No device-related or procedure-related adverse events were observed. The colostomy specimens of the experimental dogs were obtained 2 wk after the operation. Both gross and histological observations showed good anastomotic healing. CONCLUSION: The DSAMAR is a safe and feasible option for the treatment of colon stenosis. Its specific deformation and self-assembly capability maximize the applicability of the minimally invasive treatment.

Stabilized O3-Type Layered Sodium Oxides with Enhanced Rate Performance and Cycling Stability by Dual-Site Ti4+ /K+ Substitution.

High-capacity O3-type layered sodium oxides are considered one of the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of Na-ion batteries (NIBs). However, these cathodes usually suffer from low high-rate capacity and poor cycling stability due to structure deformation, native air sensitivity, and interfacial side reactions. Herein, a multi-site substituted strategy is employed to enhance the stability of O3-type NaNi0.5 Mn0.5 O2 . Simulations indicate that the Ti substitution decreases the charge density of Ni ions and improves the antioxidative capability of the material. In addition, the synergistic effect of K+ and Ti4+ significantly reduces the formation energy of Na+ vacancy and delivers an ultra-low lattice strain during the repeated Na+ extraction/insertion. In situ characterizations verify that the complicated phase transformation is mitigated during the charge/discharge process, resulting in greatly improved structure stability. The co-substituted cathode delivers a high-rate capacity of 97 mAh g-1 at 5 C and excellent capacity retention of 81% after 400 cycles at 0.5 C. The full cell paired with commercial hard carbon anode also exhibits high capacity and long cycling life. This dual-ion substitution strategy will provide a universal approach for the new rational design of high-capacity cathode materials for NIBs.

Primary animal experiment to test the feasibility of a novel Y-Z magnetic hepatic portal blocking band.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic portal blood flow occlusion is a common technique for reducing hepatic hemorrhage during hepatectomy. We designed a novel Y-Z magnetic hepatic portal blocking band (Y-Z MHPBB) based on the principle of magnetic compression technique. AIM: To introduce the Y-Z MHPBB device and verify the feasibility of this device for hepatic portal blood flow occlusion in dogs. METHODS: Ten beagles were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, the number of portal blood flow occlusions, the total time spent on adjusting the blocking band, and the average time spent on adjusting the blocking band were recorded. The surgeons evaluated the feasibility and flexibility of the two portal occlusion devices. RESULTS: Laparoscopic hepatectomy was successfully performed in both the experimental group and control group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the number of hepatic portal blood flow occlusions. With respect to the total time spent on adjusting the blocking band and the average time spent on adjusting the blocking band, the experimental group showed significantly better outcomes than the control group, with a statistical difference (P < 0.05). The operators found that the Y-Z MHPBB was superior to the modified T-tube in terms of operational flexibility. CONCLUSION: The Y-Z MHPBB seems to be an ingenious design, accurate blood flow occlusion effect, and good flexibility; and it can be used for hepatic portal blood flow occlusion during laparoscopic hepatectomy.