ABSTRACT
In vivo, tyrosine phosphorylation is a reversible and dynamic process governed by the opposing activities of protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Defective or inappropriate operation of these proteins leads to aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, which contributes to the development of many human diseases, including cancers. PTP1B, a non-transmembrane phosphatase, is generally considered a negative regulator of the metabolic signaling pathways and a promising drug target for type II diabetes and obesity. Recently, PTP1B is gaining considerable interest due to its important function and therapeutic potential in other diseases. An increasing number of studies have indicated that PTP1B plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of cancers and could be a target for new cancer therapies. Following recent advances in the aspects mentioned above, this review is focused on the major functions of PTP1B in different types of cancer and the underlying mechanisms behind these functions, as well as the potential pharmacological effects of PTP1B inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Humans , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism , Tyrosine/metabolismABSTRACT
Catechins are polyphenolic phytochemicals with many important physiological activities that play a multifaceted health care function in the human body, especially in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In this paper, various experimental and clinical studies have revealed the role of catechins in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, and we review the preventive effects of catechins on cardiovascular disease from the following aspects: Regulating lipid metabolism, regulating blood lipid metabolism, vascular endothelial protection, and reducing blood pressure.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Catechin/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Tea/chemistry , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Humans , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Primary PreventionABSTRACT
A new decalin derivative, monascusic acid A (1), together with a new natural product (2), was isolated from the ethanol extract of red yeast rice. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
