ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Circulating metabolites (CM) play a pivotal role in our overall health, yet the current evidence concerning the involvement of diverse CM in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains limited. Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a promising avenue to explore the potential impact of CM on BPH. METHODS: In a forward MR analysis, a cohort of 249 circulating metabolites was employed as exposures to investigate their potential associations with BPH risk. Conversely, in a reverse MR analysis, BPH was employed as an exposure to assess its effects on CM. RESULTS: The forward MR analysis discerned a linkage between six metabolites and BPH, with careful consideration to excluding heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Subsequently, the reverse MR analysis unveiled that nine metabolic compounds, mainly comprising phospholipids and triglycerides, potentially exhibit elevated levels in BPH patients. CONCLUSION: Bidirectional MR analysis furnishes genetic insight into the interplay between CM and BPH. The prominence of lipids and triglycerides emerges as significant factors intricately linked to BPH risk.
Subject(s)
Prostatic Hyperplasia , Male , Humans , Prostatic Hyperplasia/genetics , Hyperplasia , Mendelian Randomization Analysis , Prostate , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
The relationship between male prostate diseases and the hypoxic microenvironment has drawn increasing attention from the medical world. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a typical factor for the hypoxic microenvironment, in prostate diseases is one of the hotspots in recent studies. HIF-1 plays an important role in different prostate diseases by participating in metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, immune regulation and other life activities. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of HIF-1 in prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
