Association between antenatal depression and adverse perinatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Antenatal depression might cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, previous study results were inconsistent, especially in the low- and middle- income countries. We aimed to study the association between antenatal depression and adverse perinatal outcomes in a Chinese population. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study and enrolled pregnant women from January 2020 to January 2021. Antenatal depressive symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy were evaluated by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. After adjusting for confounding factors (age, occupation, education level, and annual income), multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the associations between antenatal depression and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 5209 participants, 1448 (27.7 %) pregnant women were positive for depression. After adjusting for potential confounders, women with antenatal depressive symptoms were significantly more likely to deliver prematurely [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.404, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.020-1.933, P = 0.037] and receive cesarean section (OR = 1.154, 95 % CI = 1.002-1.331, P = 0.048). LIMITATIONS: EPDS, not a structured diagnostic interview, was used for psychological assessment. In addition, we only screened the women in their third trimester in a single research center. The association between the duration of antenatal depression and perinatal outcomes was not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms were common among Chinese women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Women with antenatal depressive symptoms had increased cesarean section and preterm delivery risks. Screening and treatment for antenatal depression are needed during the prenatal care.

Cyclic Trinuclear Copper(I) Complex Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission: A Novel Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of Gold(III) Ions.

Coordination complexes with aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) behavior has drawn much attention because of their promising applications. Conventionally, the AIE-active metal-organic complexes are prepared from an AIE-active organic ligand, and the construction of such coordination complexes from aggregation-caused-quenching (ACQ) ligands is still challenging. Herein, we have synthesized two new cyclic trinuclear complexes (CTCs), namely, 1 and 2, from copper(I) and silver(I) and a ACQ ligand [4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzaldehyde, HL]. (1) exhibited AIE behavior, and the emission intensity is enhanced ∼20 times when it aggregates, which can be attributed to its tight packing and multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds that restrained the intramolecular rotation, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. On the other hand, (2) displayed ACQ effects, and the emission intensity is decreased ∼5 times when it aggregates. This ACQ behavior of 2 is related to its loose packing and free rotation of the ligand in crystals, resulting in nonradiative decay and fluorescence quenching. Interestingly, the CTCs 1 and 2 both exhibited a good affinity to gold(III) ions, allowing selective detection and sensing of gold ions. More importantly, the 2 shows a good limit of detection (3.28 µmol/L) and an ultrafast responsive time (∼2 s). Our studies pave a new route to designing novel AIE-active coordination complexes and further exploring the functionality of CTCs.

Realization of Ethylene Production from Its Quaternary Mixture through Metal-Organic Framework Materials.

Ethylene production from oxidative coupling of methane is a sustainable and economically attractive alternative to that through traditional hydrocarbon cracking technology. However, efficient ethylene separation from the complex reaction mixture is a daunting challenge that hinders the practical adoption of this technology. Herein, we report the efficient adsorptive separation of the CH4/CO2/C2H4/C2H6 mixture using three representative metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (UTSA-74, MOF-74, and HKUST-1) with diverse open metal sites. The efficient separation relies on tuning the selectivity through the convergence of characteristics including Lewis acidity of open metal sites, pore space, and cooperative binding behavior. The separation performance of these materials has been evaluated through single-component gas adsorption and dynamic breakthrough experiments. HKUST-1 provides the highest separation potential (4.1 mmol/g) thanks to its simultaneously high ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivity and ethylene adsorption capacity, representing a benchmark material for such a challenging quaternary separation.

[Hydrochemical Characteristics and Possible Controls of the Surface Water in Ranwu Lake Basin].

To study the chemistry of surface water and potential control measures in the Ranwu Lake basin, 19 samples were collected from Ranwu Lake in 2019. Conventional hydrochemical techniques and statistical analysis methods (descriptive statistics, the Gibbs figure, ion ratio, Piper triangular diagrams) were applied to better understand the solute geochemistry and surface water hydrochemistry in the Ranwu Lake catchment. Surface water in the Ranwu catchment is slightly alkaline (pH of the samples ranged from 7.54 to 8.48 with an average value of 8.06). The concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water range from 59.89 to 96.75 mg ·L-1 with an average of 79.98 mg ·L-1, the total dissolved solids of all samples are less than 100 mg ·L-1 and belong to fresh water. The TDS are dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, and SO42- in the Ranwu Lake. The ion concentrations in the lake water samples are in the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. The concentrations of Na+and K+are very low. Ranging from 0.5 to 1.21 mg ·L-1, with an average value of 0.58 mg ·L-1, the equivalent concentration of Ca2+ accounts for 63.3% to 76.2% of total cations with an average value of 67.2%. The equivalent concentration of Mg2+ accounts for 23.4% to 36.2% of total cations with an average value of 31.4%. Ca2+ and Mg2+ account for 98.5% of total cations. The main anions were HCO3- and SO42-. The equivalent concentration of HCO3- accounts for 74.31% to 84.29% of total anions with an average value of 78.21%. The equivalent concentration of SO42- accounts for 9.59% to 19.37% of total anions with an average value of 15.34%. HCO3- and SO42- together account for 93.55% of total anions on average. All the water samples fall in the water-rock interaction field, which suggests that the weathering of rocks primarily controls the major ion chemistry of groundwater in this area. Solutes are mainly derived from carbonate weathering and silicate weathering. The role of cation exchange in the geochemical process of the lake and the influence of human activities on the lake are found to be weak.

Doubly Interpenetrated Metal-Organic Framework of pcu Topology for Selective Separation of Propylene from Propane.

Adsorptive separation is an appealing alternative technology to reduce the high energy and capital cost of the distillation separation of propylene/propane; however, it is very challenging to realize. A new flexible metal-organic framework (MOF) material [Zn2(BDC-Cl)2(Py2TTz)] with a doubly interpenetrated pillared paddle wheel structure of pcu (primitive cubic) topology has been realized for this difficult separation for the first time. Through a judicious choice of linkers, the framework has small pore apertures that lead to much more propylene adsorption than propane. The selective adsorption relies on the sieving effect of the flexible framework. The column breakthrough experiment further demonstrated that efficient separation can be achieved under dynamic conditions.

The browning of white adipose tissue and body weight loss in primary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) triggers white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and cachexia in lung cancer mouse models. It remains unknown whether excessive PTH secretion affects WAT browning and to what extent it contributes to body weight change in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). METHODS: Using the adeno-associated virus injection, Pth gene over-expressed mice mimicking PHPT were firstly established to observe their WAT browning and body weight alteration. The association between PTH and body weight was investigated in 496 PHPT patients. The adipose browning activities of 20 PHPT and 60 control subjects were measured with PET/CT scanning. FINDINGS: Elevated plasma PTH triggered adipose tissue browning, leading to increased energy expenditure, reduced fat content, and finally decreased body weight in PHPT mice. Higher circulating PTH levels were associated with lower body weight (ß = -0.048, P = .0003) independent of renal function, serum calcium, phosphorus,and albumin levels in PHPT patients. PHPT patients exhibited both higher prevalence of detectable brown/beige adipose tissue (20% vs 3.3%, P = .03) and increased browning activities (SUV in cervical adipose was 0.77 vs 0.49,P = .02) compared with control subjects. INTERPRETATION: Elevated serum PTH drove WAT browning program, which contributed in part to body weight loss in both PHPT mice and patients. These results give insights into the novel pathological effect of PTH and are of importance in understanding the metabolic changes of PHPT. FUND: This research is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and National Natural Science Foundation of China.

[Major Ionic Features and Their Possible Controls in the Water of the Niyang River Basin].

In order to study the hydrochemical characteristics and their possible controls for the chemical composition of the water from the Niyang River Basin, 30 samples were collected from wells, springs, and the river in 2014 and major ion concentrations were measured. Descriptive statistics, the Gibbs figure, an ion ratio, and Piper triangular diagrams were used to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics, influencing factors, and hydrochemical evolution of the water in the basin. The results showed that the major cations in this water were Ca2+ and Mg2+, accounting for more than 84% of cations and the main anions were HCO3- and SO42-, accounting for more than 97% of anions The hydrochemical typology of the water is HCO3·SO4(SO4·HCO3)-Ca·Mg (Mg·Ca). The total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water ranges from 79.11 to 290.48 mg·L-1 with an average of 165.21 mg·L-1. The chemical composition of water samples is located to the left of the Gibbs model, which indicates that the chemical process of Niyang River Basin are controlled by rock weathering. According to the principal component analysis and correlation analysis, the hydrochemical composition is controlled by silicate weathering, however, carbonate weathering also plays an important role.

UPLC-MS-MS Determination of Dihydrocodeine in Human Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study.

A sensitive and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) method was developed to determine dihydrocodeine (DHC) in human plasma using diazepam as the internal standard (IS). Sample preparation was accomplished through a liquid-liquid extraction procedure with ethyl acetate. The analyte and IS were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 1% formic acid in water with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with positive-ion electrospray ionization by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions at m/z 302.3 → 199.2 for DHC and m/z 285.1 → 193.1 for IS. The linearity of this method was found to be within the concentration range of 0.5-100 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL. The overall run time was 4.0 min. The method herein described was superior to previous methods and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of DHC in healthy Chinese volunteers after oral administration.

Determination of kurarinone in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS.

A sensitive and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine kurarinone in rat plasma using chlorzoxazone as the internal standard (IS). Sample preparation was accomplished through a liquid-liquid extraction procedure with ethyl acetate to 0.2 mL plasma sample. The analyte and IS were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 1% formic acid in water with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) of the transitions at m/z 437.0→301.2 for kurarinone and m/z 168.1→132.1 for IS. The linearity of this method was found to be within the concentration range of 20-2000 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 20 ng/mL. Only 3.0 min was needed for an analytical run. The matrix effect was 94.7-107.2% for kurarinone. The intra- and inter-day precision (RSD%) were less than 8.2% and accuracy (RE%) was within ±9.0%. The recovery ranged from 77.3% to 85.6%. Kurarinone was sufficiently stable under all relevant analytical conditions. The method was also successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of kurarinone in rats.

[Observation of clinical effect of vertically fractured molar teeth treated with elastic ligation].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of vertically fractured posterior teeth treated with elastic ligation. METHODS: Eighty-six vertically fractured posterior teeth were chosen to be treated with elastic ligation for external fixation before root canal therapy (RCT), and then full crown prostheses were made for rehabilitation. RESULTS: The success rate after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years were 97.67%, 93.02% and 88.37%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Elastic ligation for vertically fractured posterior tooth before RCT can effectively prevent tooth fracture during treatment and preserve the tooth for functional use.