The safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy following laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a multicenter Real-world clinical study.

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remain controversial. METHODS: Patients with LAGC who received either nICT or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) at 3 tertiary referral teaching hospitals in China between January 2016 and October 2022 were analysed. After propensity-score matching (PSM), comparing the radiological response, pathological response rate, perioperative outcomes, and early recurrence between the two groups. RESULTS: After PSM, 585 patients were included, with 195 and 390 patients comprising the nICT and nCT groups, respectively. The nICT group exhibited a higher objective response rate (79.5% versus [vs.] 59.0%; P<0.001), pathological complete response rate (14.36% vs. 6.41%; P=0.002) and major pathological response rate (39.49% vs. 26.15%; P=0.001) compared with the nCT group. The incidence of surgical complications (17.44% vs. 16.15%, P=0.694) and proportion of perioperative textbook outcomes (80.0% vs. 81.0%; P=0.767) were similar in both groups. The nICT group had a significantly lower proportion of early recurrence than the nCT group (29.7% vs. 40.8%; P=0.047). Furthermore, the multivariable logistic analysis revealed that immunotherapy was an independent protective factor against early recurrence (odds ratio 0.62 [95% CI 0.41-0.92]; P=0.018). No significant difference was found in neoadjuvant therapy drug toxicity between the two groups (51.79% vs. 45.38%; P=0.143). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with nCT, nICT is safe and effective, which significantly enhanced objective and pathological response rates, and reduced the risk for early recurrence among patients with LAGC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov.

Preparation and property analysis of antioxidant of carbazole derivatives.

Carbazole derivatives can be used as antioxidants in the lubricating oil industry. The alkylation of carbazole with 2-chloro-2-methylpropane and 2-bromopropane catalyzed by anhydrous aluminum chloride was studied. Initially, 3,6-di-iso-propylcarbazole and 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole were using dichloromethane and dibromomethane as solvents at room temperature, respectively. The synthesis conditions were optimized. Subsequently, the effects of reaction time, catalyst dosage, and molar ratio of carbazole to alkylating agent were investigated, and orthogonal experiments were performed. The structures of the carbazole derivatives were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The thermal stability of the synthesized carbazole derivatives was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The carbazole derivatives were added into the lubricating oil with a mass fraction of 0.8% and the miscibility, stability and oxidation resistance of the mixed system were evaluated by mechanical stirring and a rotary pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT). The DSC results showed that there was good thermal stability for the carbazole derivatives. The mechanical stirring method revealed good solubility and stability for the mixture of oil and carbazole derivatives. The RPVOT results showed that isopropyl carbazole derivatives could increase the oxidation induction period of lubricating oil to 1.39 times, and tert-butyl carbazole derivatives could increase the oxidation induction period of lubricating oil to 1.91 times. The antioxidant effect of tert-butyl carbazole derivatives was better than that of isopropyl carbazole derivatives.

Long-term survival outcomes of robotic total gastrectomy for locally advanced proximal gastric cancer: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Robotic gastrectomy is a safe and feasible approach for gastric cancer (GC); however, its long-term oncological efficacy remains unclear. We evaluated the long-term survival outcomes and recurrence patterns of patients with locally advanced proximal GC who underwent robotic total gastrectomy (RTG). METHODS: This prospective study (FUGES-014 study) enrolled 48 patients with locally advanced proximal GC who underwent RTG between March 2018 and February 2020 at a tertiary referral teaching hospital. Patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) in the FUGES-002 study were enrolled in a 2:1 ratio to compare the survival outcomes between RTG and LTG. The primary endpoint of the FUGES-014 study was postoperative 30-day morbidity and has been previously reported. Here we reported the results of 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), 3-year overall survival (OS), and recurrence patterns. RESULTS: After propensity score matching, 48 patients in the RTG and 96 patients in the LTG groups were included. The 3-year DFS rates were 77.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66.1-89.9%) for the RTG and 68.8% (95% CI 60.1-78.7%) for the LTG groups ( P =0.261). The 3-year OS rates were not significantly different between the groups (85.4% vs. 74.0%, P =0.122). Recurrence occurred in nine patients (18.8%) in the RTG and 27 (28.1%) patients in the LTG groups ( P =0.234). Recurrence patterns and causes of death were similar between the groups ( P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The oncological outcome of RTG was non-inferior to that of LTG. Thus, RTG might be an alternative surgical treatment for locally advanced proximal GC.

A novel Bi2S3 QD-based DPV/ECL synchronous dual-mode molecularly imprinted sensor for enrofloxacin detection in eggs.

Herein, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) dual-mode-based molecularly imprinted (MIP) sensor had been established for the detection of enrofloxacin (ENR) in eggs. Firstly, bismuth sulfide quantum dots (Bi2S3 QDs) as ECL luminophore were synthesized. Furthermore, a MIP film with ionic liquid (ILs), Bi2S3 QDs, and ENR was prepared via the electrochemical polymerization procedure on the electrode. As ENR was identified and captured by the imprinted cavities, the electron transfer pathway was blocked on the electrochemical interface, resulting in the decrease of both DPV signals and ECL signals. As a novel synchronous dual-mode sensing strategy, a pulsed voltage was applied to produce both the DPV signal and ECL signal simultaneously. The ECL and DPV response showed the good linear relationships with the concentration of ENR with the ranges of 0.5 Nm-25 µM and 5 nM-25 µΜ and the detection limits of 0.13 nM and 1.59 nM, respectively.

Neuroprotective effects of annexin A1 tripeptide in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, with limited treatment options available. The underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of SAE remain unclear. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a membrane-associated protein, is involved in various in vivo pathophysiological processes. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of a novel bioactive ANXA1 tripeptide (ANXA1sp) in SAE. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): control, SAE (intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide), vehicle (SAE + normal saline), and ANXA1sp (SAE + ANXA1sp) groups. Changes in serum inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured. The Morris water maze and Y maze tests were used to assess learning and memory capabilities in the rats. Further, changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) and apoptosis-related protein expression were detected using western blot. The IL-6, TNF-α, and ROS levels were significantly increased in the SAE group compared with the levels in the control group. Intraperitoneal administration of ANXA1sp led to a significant decrease in the IL-6, TNF-α, and ROS levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the SAE group, the ANXA1sp group exhibited reduced escape latency on day 5, a significant increase in the number of platform crossings and the percent spontaneous alternation, and significantly higher hippocampal MMP and ATP levels (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of PPAR-γ protein in the ANXA1sp group was significantly increased compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (nuclear factor-kappa B [NF-κB], Bax, and Caspase-3) in the SAE and vehicle groups were significantly increased, with a noticeable decrease in Bcl-2 expression, compared with that noted in the control group. Moreover, the expressions of NF-κB, Bax, and Caspase-3 were significantly decreased in the ANXA1sp group, and the expression of Bcl-2 was markedly increased (p < 0.05). ANXA1sp can effectively reverse cognitive impairment in rats with SAE. The neuroprotective effect of ANXA1sp may be attributed to the activation of the PPAR-γ pathway, resulting in reduced neuroinflammatory response and inhibition of apoptosis.

Whole-genome sequencing of Fusarium spp. causing sugarcane root rot on both chewing cane and sugar-making cane.

Previously we isolated three Fusarium strains (a F. sacchari strain namely GXUF-1, and another two F. commune strains namely GXUF-2 and GXUF-3), and we verified that GXUF-3 was able to cause sugarcane root rot to the chewing cane cultivar Badila. Considering that Fusarium spp. are a group of widely distributed fungal pathogens, we tested whether these three Fusarium isolates were able to cause root rot to Badila as well as sugar-making cane cultivar (Guitang42), using a suitable inoculation method established based on infection assays using Badila. We found that the three Fusarium strains were able to cause root rot symptoms to both Badila and Guitang42, to different extents. To better investigate the potential pathogenicity mechanisms, we performed Illumina high-throughput sequencing and analyzed the whole genomic sequence data of these three Fusarium strains. The results reveal that the assembly sizes of the three Fusarium strains were in a range of 44.7-48.2 Mb, with G + C contents of 48.0-48.5%, and 14,154-15,175 coding genes. The coding genes were annotated by multiple public databases, and potential pathogenic genes were predicted using proprietary databases (such as PHI, DFVF, CAZy, etc.). Furthermore, based on evolutionary analysis of the coding sequence, we found that contraction and expansion of gene families occurred in the three Fusarium strains. Overall, our results suggest a potential risk that the root rot disease may occur to the sugar-making canes although it was initially spotted from fruit cane, and provide clues to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of Fusarium spp. causing sugarcane root rot.

Embedding electronic perpetual motion into single-atom catalysts for persistent Fenton-like reactions.

In our quest to leverage the capabilities of the emerging single-atom catalysts (SACs) for wastewater purification, we confronted fundamental challenges related to electron scarcity and instability. Through meticulous theoretical calculations, we identified optimal placements for nitrogen vacancies (Nv) and iron (Fe) single-atom sites, uncovering a dual-site approach that significantly amplified visible-light absorption and charge transfer dynamics. Informed by these computational insights, we cleverly integrated Nv into the catalyst design to boost electron density around iron atoms, yielding a potent and flexible photoactivator for benign peracetic acid. This exceptional catalyst exhibited remarkable stability and effectively degraded various organic contaminants over 20 cycles with self-cleaning properties. Specifically, the Nv sites captured electrons, enabling their swift transfer to adjacent Fe sites under visible light irradiation. This mechanism accelerated the reduction of the formed "peracetic acid-catalyst" intermediate. Theoretical calculations were used to elucidate the synergistic interplay of dual mechanisms, illuminating increased adsorption and activation of reactive molecules. Furthermore, electron reduction pathways on the conduction band were elaborately explored, unveiling the production of reactive species that enhanced photocatalytic processes. A six-flux model and associated parameters were also applied to precisely optimize the photocatalytic process, providing invaluable insights for future photocatalyst design. Overall, this study offers a molecule-level insight into the rational design of robust SACs in a photo-Fenton-like system, with promising implications for wastewater treatment and other high-value applications.

Characterization changes and research waste in randomized controlled trials of global bariatric surgery over the past 20 years: cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The results of several large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have changed the clinical practice of bariatric surgery. However, the characteristics of global RCTs of bariatric surgery have not been reported internationally and whether there was research waste in these RCTs is unknown. METHODS: Search ClinicalTrials.gov for bariatric surgery RCTs registered between January 2000 and December 2022 with the keywords 'Roux-en-Y gastric-bypass' and 'Sleeve Gastrectomy'. The above analysis was conducted in January 2023. RESULTS: A total of 326 RCTs were included in this study. The number of RCTs registered for sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgery increased year by year globally. Europe has always accounted for the largest proportion, Asia has gradually increased, and North America has decreased. A total of 171 RCTs were included in the analysis of waste, of which 74 (43.8%) were published. Of the 74 published RCTs, 37 (37/74, 50.0%) were judged to be adequately reported and 36 (36/74, 48.6%) were judged to have avoidable design defects. In the end, 143 RCTs (143/171, 83.6%) had at least one research waste. Body weight change as the primary endpoint (OR: 0.266, 95% CI: 0.103-0.687, P =0.006) and enrolment greater than 100 (OR: 0.349, 95% CI: 0.146-0.832, P =0.018) were independent protective factors for research waste. CONCLUSIONS: This study for the first time describes the characteristic changes of the mainstream RCT of bariatric surgery globally in the last 20 years and identifies a high research waste burden and predictive factor in this area, which provides reference evidence for carrying out bariatric surgery RCTs more rationally.

Nanoreactor based on Cu nanoparticles confined in B, N co-doped porous carbon nanotubes for glutathione biosensing.

A cost-effective approach has been developed to synthesize Cu nanoparticles encapsulated into B and N double-doped carbon nanotubes (Cu@BCNNTs) by one-step pyrolysis. According to the specific binding of Cu-Cl and Cu-glutathione (GSH), we employed Cu@BCNNTs to build an electrochemical sensing platform to detect GSH. The unique space-confined structure can prevent Cu nanoparticles from agglomeration. In addition, B and N co-doped porous hollow tubes can improve the electrochemical conductivity, expand the number of active sites, enhance surface adsorption, and shorten the transport path. These favorable characteristics of Cu@BCNNTs make them have excellent electrocatalytic properties. These results display that the prepared sensor can detect GSH from 0.5 to 120 µM with a detection limit of 0.024 µM. The obtained sensors can be successfully applied in the human serum with recovery of GSH ranging from 100.2 to 103.9%. This work provides a new vision to synthesize nanoparticles confined in a hollow tube for the applications in biosensing and medical diagnostics.

A Submicron-Scale Plugging Agent for Oil-Based Drilling Fluid Synthesized Using the Inverse Emulsion Polymerization Method.

Due to the increasing difficulty of drilling in the later stages of oil and gas field development, the development of micro-pores and micro-fractures is becoming common. Conventional plugging agents have relatively large particle sizes. So, choosing the appropriate plugging agent can prevent leakages. Using the inverse emulsion polymerization method, acrylamide, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and acrylic acid were selected to be the main reaction monomers, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide was used as a crosslinking agent, sorbitan monostearate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan anhydride monostearate were used as emulsifiers, and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride was used as the initiator to synthesize a nano-scale plugging agent for oil-based drilling fluid. The plugging agent was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis. The results showed that the plugging agent is spherical and uniform in size, with particles being in the submicron range. Additionally, it exhibited strong temperature resistance. Finally, the performance of the plugging agent was evaluated via experiments conducted under normal temperature and pressure, high-temperature and high-pressure, and core-plugging conditions. After adding the plugging agent to the oil-based drilling fluid, the basic rheological properties of the oil-based drilling fluid were not significantly affected. Furthermore, the filtration loss was significantly reduced under normal temperature and pressure, as well as under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, after aging. When the plugging agent with 3% concentration was added, the reduction rate of pore core permeability reached 96.04%. Therefore, the plugging agent for the oil-based drilling fluid can effectively improve the wellbore stability and has a promising potential for field applications.

Postbiotic gel relieves clinical symptoms of bacterial vaginitis by regulating the vaginal microbiota.

Vaginitis is the most common disease in gynecology. Vaginal dysbiosis is a main reason of bacteria vaginitis (BV), as the disrupted microecological environment facilitates the growth of various vaginal pathogens. The most dominant bacteria in the vaginal microbiota are lactic acid bacteria, which are important for maintaining vaginal health. At present, antibiotics and other drugs are often used in clinical treatment, but there are many adverse reactions and easy to relapse, and the intervention of probiotics can help restore vaginal microbiota and alleviate BV. This study is a human clinical trial of 50 patients with bacterial vaginitis (BV). The alleviation effect of applying a postbiotic gel for one week in BV was evaluated. Changes in patients' clinical indicators of BV (properties of vaginal secretion) and the vaginal microbiota after using the postbiotic gel were monitored. Our results showed that apply the postbiotic gel improved the symptoms of BV, indicated by improvement in the abnormalities of patients' vaginal secretions. After applying the gel, the relative abundance of vaginal lactobacilli increased compared to baseline. Significant negative correlations were found between lactobacilli and potential vaginal pathogens (including Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium), as well as the abnormalities of the vaginal secretion. Overall, our results showed that applying the postbiotic gel ameliorated BV, and the symptom improvement was accompanied by significant changes in the bacterial vaginal microbiota. Our study provides valuable clinical data in managing BV.

A novel fluorescent molecule based on 1,2,3-triazole for determination of palladium (II) and hydrazine hydrate in aqueous system.

In recent years, hydrazine hydrate has been widely used in various fields as fuel and chemical raw materials, etc. However, hydrazine hydrate is also a potential threat to living body and natural environment. The effective method is urgently needed to detect hydrazine hydrate in our living environment. Secondly, as a precious metal, palladium has attracted more and more attention because of its excellent properties in industrial manufacturing and chemical catalysis. However, its potential danger is also slowly approaching, so it is necessary to find an excellent way to detect palladium, too. Herein, a fluorescent molecule, 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,4-phenylenebis(2H-1,2,3-triazole-2,4,5-triyl)) tetrabenzoic acid (NAT), was synthesized. Firstly, NAT has very high selectivity and sensitivity for determination of Pd2+, because Pd2+ can coordinate well with carboxyl oxygen of NAT. The detection performance of Pd2+ is that the linear range is from 0.06 to 4.50 µM and the detection limit is 16.4 nM. Furthermore, the chelate (NAT-Pd2+) can continue to be used for quantitative determination of hydrazine hydrate with a linear range of 0.05-6.00 µM and the detection limit is 19.1 nM. The interaction time of NAT-Pd2+ and hydrazine hydrate is about 10 min. Of course, it also has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability for many common metal ions, anions and amine like compounds. At last, the ability of NAT to quantitatively detect Pd2+ and hydrazine hydrate in actual samples has also been verified and the results are very satisfactory.

A Twin S-Scheme Artificial Photosynthetic System with Self-Assembled Heterojunctions Yields Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Rate.

Designing heterojunction photocatalysts imitating natural photosynthetic systems has been a promising approach for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. However, in the traditional Z-Scheme artificial photosynthetic systems, the poor charge separation, and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers remain a huge bottleneck. To rationally design S-Scheme (i.e., Step scheme) heterojunctions by avoiding the futile charge transport routes is therefore seen as an attractive approach to achieving high hydrogen evolution rates. Herein, a twin S-scheme heterojunction is proposed involving graphitic C3 N4 nanosheets self-assembled with hydrogen-doped rutile TiO2 nanorods and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. This catalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 62.37 mmol g-1 h-1 and high apparent quantum efficiency of 45.9% at 365 nm. The significant enhancement of photocatalytic performance is attributed to the efficient charge separation and transfer induced by the unique twin S-scheme structure. The charge transfer route in the twin S-scheme is confirmed by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping tests. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy, transient-state surface photovoltage (TPV), and other ex situ characterizations further corroborate the efficient charge transport across the catalyst interface. This work offers a new perspective on constructing artificial photosynthetic systems with S-scheme heterojunctions to enhance photocatalytic performance.

Comprehensive analysis of clinical prognosis and CLIC1 immune invasion in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) plays an important role in the process of cell epithelial transport, and is also involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Due to its aberrant expression in cancer, the mechanism of action of CLIC1 in cancer has been carefully studied. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship between CLIC1 and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: The RNA-sequencing data and clinical information of CLIC1 in lung adenocarcinoma were collected from the the cancer genome altas (TCGA) database and analyzed with R software. Paired t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to detect differences between LUAD tissue and adjacent normal tissue, and the pROC software package performed reactive oxygen species (ROC) curves to detect cutoff values for CLIC1. The expression of CLIC1 in normal human tissues was extracted from the human protein altas (HPA) database, and analyzed clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium by using UALCAN programme. The relationship between CLIC1 and LUAD was explored by enrichment analysis using gene oncology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. The tumor immunity estimation resource (TIMER) and integrated repository portal for tumor-immune system interactions (TISIDB) databases were used to analyze the correlation between CLIC1 and LUAD immune cell infiltration. Survival analysis of CLIC1 in LUAD was assessed by the PrognoScan database. RESULTS: Compared with normal tissues, both mRNA (messenger Ribose Nucleic Acid) and protein of CLIC1 were overexpressed in LUAD, which was associated with shorter overall survial (OS). In addition, CLIC1 expression was in connection with some clinical-pathological characteristics like tumor node metatasis stages and lymph node metastases. What's more, CLIC1 may play a role in the immune infiltration of LUAD. CONCLUSION: In summary, CLIC1 is up-regulated in LUAD and is associated with tumor metastasis, tumor staging, and OS. It may be regarded as a novel marker for prognostic judgement in LUAD.

Annexin-A1 Tripeptide Attenuates Surgery-Induced Neuroinflammation and Memory Deficits Through Regulation the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Neuroinflammation is a growing hallmark of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs), including delirium and longer-lasting cognitive deficits. We have developed a clinically relevant orthopedic mouse model to study the impact of a common surgical procedure on the vulnerable brain. The mechanism underlying PNDs remains unknown. Here we evaluated the impact of surgical trauma on the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, including the expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, and IL-1ß in the hippocampus of C57BL6/J male mice, adult (3-months) and aged (>18-months). Surgery triggered ASC specks formation in CA1 hippocampal microglia, but without inducing significant morphological changes in NLRP3 and ASC knockout mice. Since no therapies are currently available to treat PNDs, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of a biomimetic peptide derived from the endogenous inflammation-ending molecule, Annexin-A1 (ANXA1). We found that this peptide (ANXA1sp) inhibited postoperative NLRP3 inflammasome activation and prevented microglial activation in the hippocampus, reducing PND-like memory deficits. Together our results reveal a previously under-recognized role of hippocampal ANXA1 and NLRP3 inflammasome dysregulation in triggering postoperative neuroinflammation, offering a new target for advancing treatment of PNDs through the resolution of inflammation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Serum AFP-L3 and GP-73 in the Diagnosis of Primary Liver Cancer.

Objective: To investigate the combined application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-L3 and Golgi protein (GP)-73 in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer. Methods: The data of 200 patients with suspected liver cancer admitted to our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 100 cases in each group. The experimental group received a combined detection of MRI with serum AFP-L3 and GP-73, and the control group adopted traditional diagnostic methods (spiral computed tomography and serum AFP). The diagnostic yields of the two groups were compared. Surgical resection was performed after the diagnosis of primary liver cancer, and the correlation between the efficacy and combined detection of MRI with serum AFP-L3 and GP-73 levels was analyzed. Results: The two groups presented comparable general information (P >0.05). The surgical results showed 160 cases of primary liver cancer, including 75 cases in the experimental group and 85 cases in the control group, and 40 cases of benign liver lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of the experimental group (73/75, 95%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (76/85, 86%) (P < 0.05). The serum levels of AFP-L3, GP-73, and AFP in patients with primary liver cancer were remarkably decreased after surgery (P < 0.001). The preoperative and postoperative AFP-L3, GP-73, and AFP levels of patients with primary liver cancer were significantly higher than those of patients with benign liver lesions. The AUC (95% CI) for the combined detection of MRI and serum AFP-L3 and GP-73 levels in patients with surgically confirmed primary liver cancer was 0.747 (0.619-0.874). Conclusion: MRI combined with serum AFP-L3 and GP-73 presents favorable diagnostic efficiency in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer, which is worthy of clinical application.

A novel artificial peroxisome candidate based on nanozyme with excellent catalytic performance for biosensing.

Artificial peroxisome is of critical importance to supersede natural peroxisome in fabricating protocell system and disease treatment. Nevertheless, developing feasible artificial peroxisome with various stable functions remains a monumental challenge. Nanozyme with multiple enzyme-like activities can mimic natural enzymes in peroxisome, which make it a prospective candidate for artificial peroxisome design. Herein, we prepared a nanozyme with multiple peroxisomal-like activities - Pd nanoparticles functionalized nitrogen-doped porous carbon-reduced graphene oxide (PdNPs/N-PC-rGO). Due to its sandwich-like structure, the incorporation of N heteroatoms and the synergistic effect between PdNPs and N-PC-rGO bi-support, the PdNPs/N-PC-rGO exhibited triple peroxisomal-like activities including oxidase (OXD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), leading it a promising alternative for artificial peroxisome exploration. Furthermore, the PdNPs/N-PC-rGO showed high electrocatalytic activity, which could be employed for the detection of electrochemical active substances reduced glutathione (GSH). The PdNPs/N-PC-rGO modified electrode displayed a wide concentration range from 70 nM to 1500 µM, with a very low detection limit of 9.8 nM (S/N = 3). Therefore, PdNPs/N-PC-rGO was a promising nanozyme for various biotechnological applications such as artificial organelles, biosensing, cytoprotection, disease diagnosis and treatment.

Annexin A1 Tripeptide Mimetic Increases Sirtuin-3 and Augments Mitochondrial Function to Limit Ischemic Kidney Injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common organ failures following surgery. We have developed a tripeptide mimetic (ANXA1sp) of the parent annexin A1 molecule that shows promise as an organ protectant limiting cellular stress; however, its potential as a kidney protective agent remains unexplored, and its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Our hypothesis was that ANXA1sp would limit kidney injury following surgical ischemic kidney injury. Methods: In a blinded fashion, wildtype mice were assigned to receive vehicle control or ANXA1sp one hour prior to and one hour after kidney vascular clamping. Our primary outcomes were markers of kidney injury and function as measured by serum creatinine and histologic injury scoring of kidney tissue sections. Immunofluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR, and Western blot were used to assess cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial biomarkers. An in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation in immortalized kidney tubule cells was used. Results: ANXA1sp given prior to and after ischemic kidney injury abrogated ischemic kidney injury. ANXA1sp limited cell death both in vivo and in vitro and abrogated oxidative stress following ischemia. ANXA1sp significantly increased the expression of markers associated with protective mitophagy and limited the expression of markers associated with detrimental mitochondrial fission. ANXA1sp upregulated the expression of the mitochondrial protectant sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) in the mitochondria of kidney tubular cells. Silencing of SIRT3 reversed ANXA1sp-mediated protection against hypoxic cell death. Conclusions: ANXA1sp limits kidney injury, upregulates SIRT3, and preserves mitochondrial integrity following ischemic kidney injury. ANXA1sp holds considerable promise as a perioperative kidney protectant prior to ischemia inducing surgery and kidney transplantation.

Catalytic amplification based on hierarchical heterogeneity bimetal-organic nanostructures with peroxidase-like activity.

In this paper, integrating heterometallic units and nanostructures into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were applied to improve the sensitivity of detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral solution. The bimetal-MOFs (CuCo-BDC) and GO composite (CuCo-BDC/GO) were first synthesized via an ordinary one-step solvothermal synthesis. The CuCo-BDC/GO with admirable peroxidase-like catalytic activity could be applied to detect H2O2. The results have low detection limit of 69 nM (S/N = 3) and a wide linear detection range, from 100 nM to 3.5 mM. This is superior to recently published biosensors based on noble metal nanomaterials, which confirms CuCo-BDC/GO as the MOF electrocatalysts with high performance. The remarkable electroanalytical performance of CuCo-BDC/GO is due to the presence of numerous open metal active sites, the synergistic effect of Cu2+ and Co2+, hierarchical structure with high-specific surface areas and the marvelous electrochemical properties of GO. Therefore, CuCo-BDC/GO is a powerful candidate for detecting H2O2 in electrochemical biosensing fields. Moreover, H2O2 detection in real samples can be done with the CuCo-BDC/GO, including human serum samples. Therefore, the novel CuCo-BDC/GO is a promising catalyst that can be applied in biotechnological and environmental applications.

[Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of drowning in children].

Drowning is a leading cause of accidental injury in children and has a great impact on family and society. The prevention and treatment of drowning is of great importance for reducing mortality rate. This consensus reviews the literature on the epidemiology, rescue, resuscitation, and acute clinical management and prevention of drowning. The panel determines the score of available evidence according to the criteria of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and then makes recommendations on evidence based on such criteria, so as to provide a basis for further reducing the mortality and disability rates caused by drowning.