ABSTRACT
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most harmful pests of maize in Asia. It poses a significant threat to maize production, causing economic losses due to its strong ecological adaptation. In this study, we compared and analyzed the hemolymph proteome between freezing and resistance-freezing O. furnacalis strains using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to gain insights into the mechanisms of cold resistance. The results revealed that 300-400 hemolymph protein spots were common, with 24 spots showing differences between the two strains. Spectrometry analysis revealed 21 protein spots, including 17 upregulated spots and 4 downregulated ones. The expression of upregulation/downregulation proteins plays a crucial role in the metabolism, energy supply, and defense reaction of insects. Proteomics research not only provides a method for investigating protein expression patterns but also identifies numerous attractive candidates for further exploration.
Subject(s)
Hemolymph , Moths , Animals , Larva/physiology , Freezing , Proteomics , Moths/physiology , Zea maysABSTRACT
The complete mitogenome of Corythoxestis sunosei (GenBank accession number MT611524) is 15,511 bp in length, and harbors 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes, and an A + T-rich region. The overall base composition is A (40.04%), C (10.64%), G (7.62%), and T (41.70%), showing AT-rich feature (81.74%). ATG, ATT, CGA were initiation codons and TAA and T were termination codons. All the 22 tRNAs displayed a common cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 which lacked the dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. Phylogenetic tree based on 13 PCGs showed that C. sunosei has a close phylogenetic relationship with Gibbovalva kobusi and Cameraria ohridella and belongs to Gracillariidae.
ABSTRACT
The nonmigratory grasshopper Oedaleus infernalis Saussure (Orthoptera : Acridoidea) is an agricultural pest to crops and forage grasses over a wide natural geographical distribution in China. The genetic diversity and genetic variation among 10 geographically separated populations of O. infernalis was assessed using polymerase chain reaction-based molecular markers, including the intersimple sequence repeat and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences. A high level of genetic diversity was detected among these populations from the intersimple sequence repeat (H: 0.2628, I: 0.4129, Hs: 0.2130) and cytochrome oxidase analyses (Hd: 0.653). There was no obvious geographical structure based on an unweighted pair group method analysis and median-joining network. The values of FST, θ(II), and Gst estimated in this study are low, and the gene flow is high (Nm > 4). Analysis of the molecular variance suggested that most of the genetic variation occurs within populations, whereas only a small variation takes place between populations. No significant correlation was found between the genetic distance and geographical distance. Overall, our results suggest that the geographical distance plays an unimpeded role in the gene flow among O. infernalis populations.
