ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) were associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. Approach and Results: We included the participants who completed computed tomography assessment of baseline CAC in 2000 to 2001 (year 15) and follow-up (year 20 or 25) and food frequency questionnaire (years 0, 7, and 20) in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). CAC progression was defined as CAC >0 at follow-up among participants with baseline CAC of 0 and an annualized change of 10 or percent change of ≥10% for those with 0Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology
, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted/adverse effects
, Vascular Calcification/epidemiology
, Adolescent
, Adult
, Age Factors
, Computed Tomography Angiography
, Coronary Angiography
, Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging
, Diet, High-Protein Low-Carbohydrate/adverse effects
, Disease Progression
, Energy Intake
, Female
, Humans
, Longitudinal Studies
, Male
, Predictive Value of Tests
, Prospective Studies
, Risk Assessment
, Risk Factors
, Time Factors
, United States/epidemiology
, Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging
, Young Adult
