ABSTRACT
The kinematics model based on the Slender-Body theory is proposed from the bionic movement of real fish. The Panel method is applied to the hydrodynamic performance analysis innovatively, with the Gauss-Seidel method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations additionally, to evaluate the flexible deformation of fish in swimming accurately when satisfying the boundary conditions. A physical prototype to mimic the shape of tuna is developed with the revolutionized technology of rapid prototyping manufacturing. The hydrodynamic performance for rigid oscillating hydrofoil is analyzed with the proposed method, and it shows good coherence with the cases analyzed by the commercial software Fluent and the experimental data from robofish. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic performance of coupled hydrofoil, which consisted of flexible fish body and rigid caudal fin, is analyzed with the proposed method. It shows that the caudal fin has great influence on trailing vortex shedding and the phase angle is the key factor on hydrodynamic performance. It is verified that the shape of trailing vortex is similar to the image of the motion curve at the trailing edge as the assumption of linear vortex plane under the condition of small downwash velocity. The numerical analysis of hydrodynamics for bionic movement based on the Panel method has certain value to reveal the fish swimming mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Six crystalline components were isolated from the lipophilic fraction of Artemisia annua L. They have been identified as four sesquiterpenes, one flavonol and one coumarin. Qinghaosu I and III are new sesquiterpenes. Five main constituents, camphene, iso-artemisia ketone, 1-camphor, β-carophyllene, and β-pinene were identified from the volatile oil of this herb.
Subject(s)
Artemisia annua , Chemistry , Artemisinins , Chemistry , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds , Chemistry , Camphor , Chemistry , Monoterpenes , Chemistry , Oils, Volatile , Chemistry , Sesquiterpenes , Chemistry , Terpenes , ChemistryABSTRACT
Although there were changes in measuring system of Sui dynasty, the measuring units of medicine, astronomy and music still remained unchanged. So there appeared two systems of measuring units. For medicine, the government of Tang dynasty followed the regulations of Sui dynasty in measuring system. Besides this, the measuring units of Qian and Fen also were also related to medicine.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards , Weights and Measures/history , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards , History, Ancient , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history , Weights and Measures/standardsABSTRACT
There were some changes for the measuring units of medicine in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasty. The measuring units of length showed decreased usage in medicine measuring, while increased usage of weight units. Weight unit was also used for measuring medicines that had been measured by imitate unit or assessed unit. Besides, some special measuring units for medicine appeared in this period of time.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , History, AncientABSTRACT
The administrative area of Han dynasty was basically divided into 13 states. There were very little records about the place of medicine production in literatures. This article tried to outline the basic feature of region of medicine production from the available books of
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Geography , History, AncientABSTRACT
The original changes of the weight measuring unit of medicine in the Song dynasties was the appearance of Dengzi (small steelyard for weighing money). The "larger scale" and "smaller scale" were unified. The measuring unit "qian" was widely used, and furthermore "Cheng" and "zi" were used as measuring units related to medicine.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods , China , History, MedievalABSTRACT
In the Song dynasties, the irregular measuring units were seldom used in medicine and length units were no longer used in medicine. The volume units changed from "ancient ones" to "modern ones". There were necessary regulations on the conversion of measuring units of medicine in medical books officially published. Doctor Chenyan made detailed investigations to ancient measuring units.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history , History, MedievalABSTRACT
Besides the changes in weight measuring units, the other units also changed. "Larger and smaller liter" affected traditional Chinese medicine. Length measuring units was little used, and the irregular measuring units such as imitate units, quantity units, and assessing units remained in some extent. Because the regular measuring units gradually replaced the irregular ones, some doctors made investigates to the conversion of these measuring units.
