ABSTRACT
Frailty syndrome, caused by degenerative changes in the body and the body vulnerability due to a variety of chronic diseases, is associated with adverse outcomes, such as fall, disability and mortality. With the development of antiretroviral therapy, the average life span of HIV/AIDS patients is extended, the number of elderly living with HIV/AIDS has increased, resulting the increase of the incidence of frailty syndrome in this population. The incidence of frailty syndrome in the elderly is associated with HIV infection and adverse reaction of antiretroviral therapy. Early assessment and intervention of frailty syndrome in elderly HIV/AIDS patients can reduce adverse clinical events and improve the quality of life.
ABSTRACT
The effects of 7 groups of different influent C/N ratio (2.75, 4.28, 5.7, 6.5, 6.97, 8.08, 11.19) on the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen, phosphorus and COD as well as the sludge settling performance were investigated in a UniFed SBR lab-scale apparatus treating actual domestic wastewater. The results showed that when the C/N ratio was lower than 5.7, TN removal efficiency increased sharply as C/N ratio increased, from 43.6% of 2.75 to 80.84% of 5.7. Afterwards, TN removal efficiency increased very slowly as C/N ratio increased, because only TN removal efficiency caused by SND during aeration period could be enhanced. P removal efficiency increased as C/N ratio increased, because PAOs could get more organic carbon source from the influent to produce PHB and release PO4(3-), avoiding the adverse influence of NO(x)- on PO4(3-) release. The higher the C/N ratio, the more the quantities of P release and uptake, the quicker P uptake rate, the better P removal performance was. Regardless of the C/N ratio, excellent COD (average 93.15%) removal efficiencies were maintained throughout the experiment. When Influent C/N ratio was bigger than 6.97 and organic load exceeded 0.38 kg/(kg x d), SVI rose quickly as C/N ratio increased. Non-silk bacteria sludge bulge appeared because of low DO and high organic load.
