Association between meeting 24-h movement guidelines and health in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Twenty-four-hour movement behaviors have significant implications for physical and mental health throughout one's lifespan. Consistent with movement behaviors, several countries have formulated and published 24-h movement guidelines. This review summarized the studies related to 24-h movement guidelines among children and adolescents from six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus). In a total of 61 studies that discussed compliance with 24-h movement guidelines, the overall adherence rate was very low (7.1%), with boys exceeding girls, children surpassing adolescents, and regional differences. A total of 39 studies examined the associations between 24-h movement guidelines and health indicators. Findings indicated that meeting all three guidelines was favorably associated with adiposity, cardiometabolic health, mental and social health, physical fitness, health-related quality of life, academic achievement, cognitive development, perceived health, dietary patterns, and myopia. Future research should utilize longitudinal and experimental designs to enhance our understanding of the associations between 24-h movement guidelines and health indicators, thereby aiding the formulation and refinement of such guidelines. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023481230.

Effects of Ganjianglingzhu Decoction on Lean Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Based on Untargeted Metabolomics.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually associated with obesity. However, it is crucial to recognize that NAFLD can also occur in lean individuals, which is frequently overlooked. Without an approved pharmacological therapy for lean NAFLD, we aimed to investigate whether the Ganjianglingzhu (GJLZ) decoction, a representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), protects against lean NAFLD and explore the potential mechanism underlying these protective effects. The mouse model of lean NAFLD was established with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet in male C57BL/6 mice to be compared with the control group fed the methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS) diet. After four weeks, physiological saline, a low dose of GJLZ decoction (GL), or a high dose of GJLZ decoction (GH) was administered daily by gavage to the MCD group; the MCS group was given physiological saline by gavage. Untargeted metabolomics techniques were used to explore further the potential mechanism of the effects of GJLZ on lean NAFLD. Different doses of GJLZ decoction were able to ameliorate steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in the liver; GL performed a better effect on lean NAFLD. In addition, 78 candidate differential metabolites were screened and identified. Combined with metabolite pathway enrichment analysis, GL was capable of regulating the glucose and lipid metabolite pathway in lean NAFLD and regulating the glycerophospholipid metabolism by altering the levels of sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate and lysoPC(P-18:0/0:0). GJLZ may protect against the development of lean NAFLD by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting the levels of sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate and lysoPC(P-18:0/0:0) in glycerophospholipid metabolism.

A bidirectional link between metabolic syndrome and elevation in alanine aminotransferase in elderly female: a longitudinal community study.

Pre-obesity, as a significant risk factor for the progression of metabolic syndrome (MS), has become a prevalent public health threat globally. In this three-year longitudinal study of pre-obese women at baseline, the goal was to clarify the female-specific bidirectional relationship between the risk of MS and blood alanine aminotransferase. In this manuscript, the MS score was determined using the following equation: MS score = 2*waist/height + fasting glucose/5.6 + TG/1.7 + SBP/130-HDL/1.02 for men and 1.28 for women, which is highly related to the risk of MS. With 2,338 participants, a hierarchical nonlinear model with random effects was utilized to analyze the temporal trends of serum characteristics from 2017 to 2019. A bivariate cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was employed to estimate the structural relations of frequently measured variables at three different time points to determine the directionality of the relationship between the risk of MS and serum characteristics. MassARRAY Analyzer 4 platforms were used to evaluate and genotype candidate SNPs. In this study, the MS score only rose with age in females; it was positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in females; the CLPM revealed that the MS score in 2017 predicted ALT in 2018 (ß = 0.066, p < 0.001); and ALT in 2018 predicted an MS score in 2019 (ß = 0.037, p < 0.050); both relationships were seen in females. Additionally, the MS score in elderly females with NAFLD was related to the rs295 in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene (p = 0.042). Our work showed that there may be female-specific causal correlations between elevated ALT and risk of MS and that the polymorphism rs295 in LPL may serve as a marker for the prognosis of MS. The genetic roles of rs295 in the LPL gene in the onset of MS and the development of ALT in the elderly Chinese Han population are thus provided by this, offering one potential mechanism.

Physical activity, sedentary behavior and associations with built environment for children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Physical inactivity and prolonged sedentary time are currently important health issues for children and adolescents. More evidences are required in the field of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and review the relevant research progress regarding health implications of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior,and possible role of built environment. With the ultimate goal of health promotion for children and adolescents, the priority strategy might focus on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior through modifying the built environment.

A Single-Chain Magnet Tape Based on Hexacyanomanganate(III).

The tape-like chain {[(tptz)Mn(II) (H2 O)Mn(III) (CN)6 ]2 Mn(II) (H2 O)2 }n ⋅4n MeOH⋅2n H2 O based on the anisotropic building block hexacyanomanganate(III) exhibits long-range magnetic ordering below 5.1 K as well as single-chain magnetic behavior at lower temperatures with an effective energy barrier of 40.5(7) K.

Single-chain magnetic behavior in a hetero-tri-spin complex mediated by supramolecular interactions with TCNQF˙⁻ radicals.

The self-assembly of organic TCNQF˙⁻ radicals (2-fluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane) and the anisotropic [Tb(valpn)Cu](3+) dinuclear cations produced a single-chain magnet (SCM) involving stacking interactions of TCNQF˙⁻ radicals (H2valpn is the Schiff base from the condensation of o-vanillin with 1,3-diaminopropane). Static and dynamic magnetic characterizations reveal that the effective energy barrier for the reversal of the magnetization in this hetero-tri-spin SCM is significantly larger than the barrier of the isolated single-molecule magnet based on the {TbCu} dinuclear core.

Variations in topology and magnetic properties of hepta- and octacyanometallates of molybdenum with manganese(II).

Treatment of [Mn(dpop)(H2O)2]Cl2 (dpop = 2,13-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,18-pentaazabicyclo-[12.3.1]octadeca-1(18),2,12,14,16-pentaene) with K4[Mo(CN)7]·2H2O under varied synthetic conditions afforded four different compounds: {[Mn(dpop)]4[(dpop)Mn(H2O)]2[Mo(III)(CN)7]3·27H2O}n (1), {[(dpop)Mn(H2O)][Mo(III)(CN)7][Mn(dpop)]3[Mo(IV)(CN)8]·29H2O}n (2), {[(dpop)Mn(H2O)]2[Mo(IV)(CN)8]2[Mn(dpop)]4[Mo(III)(CN)7]·12H2O}n (3), and [(dpop)Mn(H2O)]2[Mo(IV)(CN)8]·9H2O (4). Compound 1 contains only [Mo(III)(CN)7](4-) anions and exhibits a corrugated two-dimensional layered architecture. The structure of 2 with a 1 : 1 ratio of Mo(III) : Mo(IV) is best described as a ladder-like chain composed of [Mo(III)(CN)7](4-)-based pentanuclear [Mo(III)Mn(II)4] fragments which are further linked by in situ produced [Mo(IV)(CN)8](4-) anions. In the case of 3, [Mn8Mo8] rings containing bent [Mo(III)Mn(II)2] fragments are extended into a two-dimensional layer with the ratio of [Mo(CN)7](4-) : [Mo(CN)8](4-) being 1 : 2. Compound 4 exhibits a bent trinuclear structure in which two CN(-) groups of [Mo(CN)8](4-) function as µ2-bridges to [Mn(dpop)(H2O)](2+) fragments. Magnetic studies suggest significant antiferromagnetic coupling interactions occur between Mo(III) and Mn(II) ions while, not surprisingly, interactions between the Mn(ii) ions through diamagnetic [Mo(IV)(CN)8](4-) anions are negligible. Compound 1 exhibits ferrimagnetic ordering below 3.0 K whereas 2 shows the signature of single molecule magnet behavior with slow relaxation of the magnetization and an effective energy barrier (U(eff)) of 8.1 K.

A cadmium TCNQ-based semiconductor with versatile binding modes and non-integer redox states.

The 3-D coordination polymer with the basic formula Cd2(TCNQ)3.5(H2O)2 is the first instance of the coexistence of the bridging modes µ2, µ3 and µ4 for TCNQ in one network. Single crystal measurements revealed the compound to be a good semiconductor with a room temperature conductivity of 5.8 × 10(-3) S cm(-1).

A neutral Fe(III) compound exhibiting a two-step spin transition and dielectric anomalies.

The mononuclear ferric compound Fe(H-5-Cl-thsa-Me)(5-Cl-thsa-Me)·H2O () was synthesized and characterized using powder/single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and magnetic susceptibility measurements. This photo-responsive compound shows reversible, two-step spin-crossover behaviour. Moreover, dielectric anomalies were observed during the spin transitions, demonstrating the multifunctional properties of compound .

Squaring the cube: a family of octametallic lanthanide complexes including a Dy8 single-molecule magnet.

A series of isostructural octanuclear lanthanide complexes of general formula [Ln8(sao)4(µ3-OH)4(NO3)12(DMF)12] (Ln = Nd (), Sm (), Eu (), Gd (), Tb (), Dy (), Ho (), Er (); DMF = dimethylformamide) have been prepared via reactions of salicylaldoxime (saoH2), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (Me4NOH) with the appropriate lanthanide nitrate salt (Ln(NO3)3·6H2O). The metallic skeletons of the complexes describe [Ln4] tetrahedra encapsulated inside a [Ln4] square with the inner core stabilised through µ3-OH(-) ions and the periphery by µ4-sao(2-) ligands. The magnetic properties of compounds were investigated by dc and ac magnetometry. Temperature dependent ac magnetic susceptibility data reveal that the dysprosium analogue () displays an out-of-phase signal in the absence of an applied magnetic field indicative of slow relaxation of the magnetization typical of a Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM). Micro-SQUID measurements reveal temperature and sweep rate dependent hysteresis below 1.0 K.

Conducting organic frameworks based on a main-group metal and organocyanide radicals.

Reactions of the main-group cation Tl(I) with anions of 2,5-derivatives of TCNQ (TCNQ = 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) have led to the isolation of a family of unprecedented semiconducting main-group-metal-organic frameworks, namely, [Tl(TCNQX(2))], (X = H, Cl, Br, I). A comparison of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data revealed the existence of a third polymorph of the previously reported material Tl(TCNQ)] and two distinct polymorphs of [Tl(TCNQCl(2))], whereas only one phase was identified for [Tl(TCNQBr(2))] and [Tl(TCNQI(2))]. These new results are described in the context of the structures of other known binary metal-TCNQ frameworks that display a variety of coordination environments for the central cation, namely, four-, six-, and eight-coordinate, and different arrangements of the adjacent TCNQ radicals-parallel versus perpendicular-in the stacked columns. The halogen substituents affect the structures and the properties of these compounds, owing to both steric and electronic effects as evidenced by the semiconducting properties of crystals of [Tl(TCNQCl(2))] phase I, [Tl(TCNQBr(2))], and [Tl(TCNQI(2))], which correlate well with the distances of adjacent TCNQ radicals in the columns. 1D infinite Hückel model simulations of the band structures of [Tl(TCNQCl(2))] phase I, [Tl(TCNQBr(2))], and [Tl(TCNQI(2))] were conducted with and without consideration of the Tl(I) cations, the results of which indicate that the charge mobility does not strictly occur in one dimension. The modulations of the band structures with various assumptions of the energy difference (Δ) between the Tl(I) 6s orbital and the TCNQ LUMO orbital were calculated and are discussed in light of the observed properties.

A porous Sm(III) coordination nanotube with hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels.

The π-π stacking interactions between tptz units from adjacent Sm(tptz)(HCOO)(3) coordination nanotubes leads to additional 1D channels (tptz = 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine). The present compound is a rare case of a tubular porous material with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels. Permanent porosity was confirmed by N(2) adsorption isotherms.

A homologous heterospin series of mononuclear lanthanide/TCNQF(4) organic radical complexes.

Reactions between trivalent rare earth ions (M(III) = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb) and the radical anion of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQF(4)) produce a family of mononuclear complexes {M[(TCNQF(4))](2)[H(2)O](x)}.(TCNQF(4))(3H(2)O), x = 6, 7. The cationic complex {M(III)([TCNQF(4)](-) )(2)[H(2)O](x)}(+) cocrystallizes with one [TCNQF(4)](-) radical anion and three water molecules. One of the coordinated [TCNQF(4)](-) radicals is involved in pi-pi stacking interactions with the uncoordinated [TCNQF(4)](-) radicals which leads to the antiferromagnetic coupling for these ((TCNQF(4))(2))(2-)pi-dimers. The second coordinated [TCNQF(4)](-) remains as a radical ligand and is not involved in pi-pi interactions. Magnetic studies indicate that the Sm compound magnetically orders at 4.4 K and that a fraction of the Gd and Dy samples undergo magnetic ordering at 3.7 K and 4.3 K respectively due to partial dehydration (loss of interstitial water molecules). Diamagnetic metal ions were used to generate magnetically dilute Gd, and Dy compounds that do not exhibit any signs of magnetic ordering.

Observation of magnetic bistability in polymorphs of the [Ni(dmit)(2)](-) complexes.

Four ion-pair complexes of [Ni(dmit)(2)](-) with [NO(2)bzql](+) have been obtained, which belong to two kinds of polymorph forms, [NO(2)bzql][Ni(dmit)(2)] (1alpha and 1beta) and [NO(2)bzql][Ni(dmit)(2)].CH(3)COCH(3) (2alpha and 2beta) (where dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate and [NO(2)bzql](+) = 1-(4-nitrobenzyl)quinolinium). Though 1alpha, 2alpha, and 2beta all show anionic dimerization structures at room temperature, they have different anionic and cationic arrangement fashions, which give rise to different magnetic behaviors for these polymorphs or pseudo-polymorphs. Compounds 1alpha, 1beta, and 2alpha exhibit magnetic bistabilities. In particular, 1alpha has a hysteretic loop at approximately 55 K, while 2beta does not display a spin transition in the 2-300 K range. On the basis of the crystal structure data of 2alpha in high- and low-temperature phases, the magnetic coupling feature within the [Ni(dmit)(2)](-) spin dimer was explored with the broken-symmetry approach at the UBPW91/LANL2DZ level; combined with the experimental data and theoretical analyses, the relationship between the magnetic coupling nature and the stacking pattern of [Ni(dmit)(2)](-) anions as well as the origin of the phase interconversion are discussed.

Heterospin single-molecule magnets based on terbium ions and TCNQF(4) radicals: interplay between single-molecule magnet and phonon bottleneck phenomena investigated by dilution studies.

A series of isostructural compounds with formula [M(TCNQF(4))(2)(H(2)O)(6)]TCNQF(4)3 H(2)O (M=Tb (1), Y (2), Y:Tb (74:26) (3), and Y:Tb (97:3) (4); TCNQF(4)= tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane) were prepared and their magnetic properties investigated. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 show the beginning of a frequency-dependent out-of-phase ac signal, and decreasing intensity of the signal with decreased concentration of Tb(III) ions in the diluted samples is observed. No out-of-phase signal was observed for 2, an indication that the behavior of 1, 3, and 4 is indicative of slow paramagnetic relaxation of Tb(III) ions in the samples. A more detailed micro-SQUID study at low temperature revealed an interplay between single-molecule magnetic (SMM) behavior and a phonon bottleneck (PB) effect, and that these properties depend on the concentration of diamagnetic yttrium ions. A combination of SMM and PB phenomena was found for 1, whereby the PB effect increases with increasing dilution until eventually a pure PB effect is observed for 2. The PB behavior is interpreted as being due to the presence of a "sea of organic S=1/2 radicals" from the TCNQF(4) radicals in these compounds. The present data underscore the fact that the presence of an out-of-phase ac signal may not, in fact, be caused by SMM behavior, particularly when magnetic metal ions are combined with organic radical ligands such as those found in the organocyanide family.

Molecules based on M(v) (M=Mo, W) and Ni(II) ions: a new class of trigonal bipyramidal cluster and confirmation of SMM behavior for the pentadecanuclear molecule {NiII[NiII(tmphen)(MeOH)]6[Ni(H2O)3]2[micro-CN]30[WV(CN)3]6}.

The preparation, single crystal X-ray crystallography, and magnetic properties are reported for four new clusters based on [M'V(CN)8]3- octacyanometallates (M'=Mo, W). Reactions of [M'V(CN)8]3- with mononuclear NiII ions in the presence of the tmphen blocking ligand (tmphen=3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in a 2:3:6 ratio, respectively, lead to the formation of the trigonal bipyramidal clusters [NiII(tmphen)2]3[M'V(CN)8]2. Analogous reactions with the same starting materials performed in a 2:3:2 ratio, respectively, produce pentadecanuclear clusters of the type {NiII[NiII(tmphen)(MeOH)]6[Ni(H2O)3]2[micro-CN]30[WV(CN)3]6}. The W2Ni3 (1) and Mo2Ni3(2) pentanuclear clusters and the W6Ni9 (3) and Mo6Ni9 (4) pentadecanuclear molecules are isostructural to each other and crystallize in the space groups P2(1)/c and R3 respectively. Magnetic measurements indicate that the ground states for the trigonal bipyamidal clusters are S=4 as a consequence of ferromagnetic coupling with JW-Ni=9.5 cm(-1), JMo-Ni=10 cm(-1). The pentadecanuclear clusters exhibit ferromagnetic coupling as well, which leads to S=12 ground states (JW-Ni=12 cm(-1), JMo-Ni=12.2 cm(-1)). Reduced magnetization studies on the W-Ni analogues support the conclusion that they exhibit a negative axial anisotropy term; the fits give D values of -0.24 cm(-1) for the W2Ni3 cluster and D=-0.04 cm(-1)for the W6Ni9 cluster. AC susceptibility measurements indicate the beginning of an out-of-phase signal for the W2Ni3 and the W6Ni9 compounds, but detailed low temperature studies on small crystals by the microSQUID technique indicate that only the pentadecanuclear cluster exhibits hysteresis in accord with SMM behavior. Neither Mo cluster reveals any evidence for slow paramagnetic relaxation at low temperatures.