DMF as an amine source: iron-catalyzed cyclization of 2H-azirines to imidazoles.

A novel method has been developed for the synthesis of 1-methyl-4,5-diaryl-1H-imidazoles through Fe(II)-catalyzed cyclization of 2H-azirines and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an amine source. This transformation involves the cleavage of C-N and CN double bonds and the construction of new C-N and CN double bonds. The reaction has readily available starting materials, a wide range of substrates and mild reaction conditions. In addition, the reaction also facilitated the convenient synthesis of 1-methyl-2,4,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles.

Iodine-Mediated Cyclization of Enamines to Imidazole-4-Carboxylic Derivatives with Sequential Removal of Nitrogen Atoms from TMSN3.

An iodine-mediated oxidative [4+1] cyclization of enamines with TMSN3 for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted imidazole-4-carboxylic derivatives has been developed. The mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeds through a sequential removal of two nitrogen atoms from TMSN3. The synthetic utility was further demonstrated with a gram-scale reaction and various derivatization transformations of the products.

Iron-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Amides and 2,3-Diaryl-2H-azirines To Access Oxazoles via C-N Bond Cleavage.

A novel and efficient iron-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction using readily available 2,3-diaryl-2H-azirines and primary amides is reported. A wide range of trisubstituted oxazoles could be achieved in good yields with good functional group compatibility. In this transformation, two C-N bonds were cleaed and new C-N and C-O bonds were formed.

IBX-Promoted Oxidative Cyclization of N-Hydroxyalkyl Enamines: A Metal-Free Approach toward 2,3-Disubstituted Pyrroles and Pyridines.

An iodoxybenzoic acid-mediated selected oxidative cyclization of N-hydroxyalkyl enamines was developed. Through this strategy, a variety of 2,3-disubstituted pyrroles and pyridines were produced in good selectivity involving oxidation of alcohol, followed by condensation of aldehyde and α-C of enamines. Furthermore, this metal-free method has several advantages, including the use of environmentally friendly reagents, broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and high efficiency.

Copper-Promoted 6- endo-trig Cyclization of ß,γ-Unsaturated Hydrazones for the Synthesis of 1,6-Dihydropyridazines.

A novel and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 1,6-dihydropyridazines via copper-promoted 6- endo-trig cyclization of readily available ß,γ-unsaturated hydrazones have been developed. A series of 1,6-dihydropyridazines have been synthesized by this method with good yields, high functional group tolerance, and remarkable regioselectivity under mild conditions. Importantly, the 1,6-dihydropyridazines can be efficiently converted to biologically important pyridazines in the presence of NaOH.

Modular 2,3-diaryl-2H-azirine synthesis from ketoxime acetates via Cs2CO3-mediated cyclization.

A modular 2H-azirine synthesis from ketoxime acetates via Cs2CO3-mediated cyclization has been developed. The reaction utilizes easily available starting materials and provides a general synthetic route to 2,3-diaryl-2H-azirines in good to excellent yields under mild conditions, which is complementary to the conventional approaches for the synthesis of 2H-azirines. A gram-scale reaction was performed to demonstrate the scale-up applicability of this synthetic method. Importantly, 2H-azirines can be efficiently converted to various azaheterocycles.

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization/1,2-Amino Migration Cascade Reaction.

A novel and efficient copper-catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization/1,2-amino migration of readily available enamino esters for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles has been developed. In this reaction, one C-N bond was cleaved, and two new C-N bonds and one C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond were constructed in one pot. This catalytic system has the obvious advantages of mild reaction conditions and the use of oxygen as the oxidant. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is a reliable method for the straightforward synthesis of valuable aminomethyl-substituted pyrroles in good yields.

Iron-Catalyzed Radical Cycloaddition of 2H-Azirines and Enamides for the Synthesis of Pyrroles.

A novel and efficient Fe-catalyzed radical cycloaddition of 2H-azirines and enamides for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles has been developed. The radical cycloaddition reaction proceeded through a conceptually new Fe(II)-catalyzed homolytic cleavage of C-N bond of 2H-azirines sequential radical cyclization with enamides. The reaction used readily available starting materials, tolerated various functional groups, and afforded valuable triaryl-substituted pyrroles in good to high yields under mild reaction conditions.

Base-mediated formal [3+2] cycloaddition of ß,γ-alkenyl esters and p-TsN3 for the synthesis of pyrazoles.

A novel 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-mediated formal cycloaddition of ß,γ-alkenyl esters with p-tolylsulfonylazide (p-TsN3) for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles has been developed. The reaction proceeded through diazotization of ß,γ-alkenyl esters sequential with thermodynamic cyclization. p-Tolylsulfonylazide played a role as a source of two-nitrogen synthons. The reaction employs readily available starting materials, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and proceeds under mild conditions.

Copper-catalyzed radical coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with terminal alkenes for the synthesis of tetracarbonyl compounds.

A novel and efficient copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with terminal alkenes for the synthesis of tetracarbonyl compounds with a quaternary carbon atom has been developed. Mechanistically, this transformation involves the construction of two C-C bonds and two C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds in a one-pot process. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and proceeds under mild conditions.

Iron-Catalyzed Cyclization of Ketoxime Carboxylates and Tertiary Anilines for the Synthesis of Pyridines.

A novel and efficient iron-catalyzed cyclization of ketoxime carboxylates and N,N-dialkylanilines for the modular synthesis of diverse pyridines was developed. The reaction was initiated by Fe-catalyzed N-O bond cleavage of ketoxime carboxylates in the presence of tertiary anilines. The methylene carbon on N,N-dialkylanilines functioned as a source of one-carbon synthon in the reaction. The reaction used readily available starting materials, tolerated various functional groups, and afforded 2,4-disubstituted and 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines in good to high yields under mild conditions.

Copper-catalyzed 5-endo-trig cyclization of ketoxime carboxylates: a facile synthesis of 2-arylpyrroles.

A novel and facile copper-catalyzed 5-endo-trig cyclization of ketoxime carboxylates for the synthesis of 2-arylpyrroles has been developed. The reaction tolerates a range of functional groups and is a practical procedure for rapid synthesis of 2-arylpyrroles in high yields under mild conditions.

Ruthenium-catalyzed cyclization of ketoxime acetates with DMF for synthesis of symmetrical pyridines.

A novel ruthenium-catalyzed cyclization of ketoxime carboxylates with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted symmetrical pyridines has been developed. A methyl carbon on DMF performed as a source of a one carbon synthon. And NaHSO3 plays a role in the reaction.

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of o-iodoanilines for synthesis of isatoic anhydrides.

A novel palladium-catalyzed oxidative double carbonylation of o-iodoanilines for the synthesis of isatoic anhydrides has been developed. The reaction employs readily available o-iodoanilines as the starting materials and proceeds under mild conditions. For extension, palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of anthranilic acids was developed for the synthesis of substituted isatoic anhydrides in high to excellent yields.

Copper-promoted oxidative coupling of enamides and alkynes for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles.

An efficient copper-promoted oxidative coupling of enamides with alkynes has been developed for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles. The reaction proceeded through C-H and N-H bond functionalization of enamides under mild conditions.

Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling of enamides and alkynes for synthesis of substituted pyrroles.

A novel and efficient palladium(II)-catalyzed alkenyl C-H activation oxidative annulation of enamides with alkynes for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles has been developed. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is a reliable method for the synthesis of triaryl-substituted pyrroles in high yields.

Coupling of enamides with alkynes or arynes for synthesis of substituted pyridines and isoquinolines via amide activation.

A novel and general procedure for Cu-catalyzed coupling of enamides with alkynes to synthesize substituted pyridines was developed. The chemistry was allowed to extend to the synthesis of substituted isoquinolines by coupling of enamides with arynes under transition-metal-free conditions.

Cu(OAc)2/TFA-promoted formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition/oxidation of enamines and enones for synthesis of multisubstituted aromatic amines.

New strategies for the oxidative cycloaddition of enones with enamines are developed. These cycloaddition reactions directly afford substituted aromatic amines, which are important in organic chemistry, in moderate to good yield. Cu(OAc)(2)/TFA is shown to be essential to achieve high reaction efficiency.