Olfactory impairment in COVID-19: Two methods for the assessment of olfactory function.

Background: Olfactory impairment is a major symptom of COVID-19. Is it necessary for COVID-19 patients to perform the detection of olfactory function, even how to select the olfactory psychophysical assessment tool. Methods: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were firstly taken into three categories (mild, moderate, and severe) according to the clinical classification. The Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese (OSIT-J) and the Simple Olfactory Test were used to assess olfactory function. Moreover, these patients were divided into three groups based on the results of the olfactory degree (euosmia, hyposmia, and dysosmia), too. The statistical analysis of the correlations between olfaction and clinical characteristics of patients were performed. Results: Our study demonstrated that the elderly men of Han were more susceptible to infected SARS-CoV-2, the clinical symptoms of the COVID-19 patients showed a clear correspondence with the disease type and the degree of olfactory disturbance. Whether or not to vaccinate and whether to complete the whole course of vaccination was closely related to the patient's condition. OSIT-J Test and Simple Test were consistent in our work, indicating that olfactory grading would worsen with the aggravation of symptoms. Furthermore, the OSIT-J method maybe better than Simple Olfactory Test. Conclusion: The vaccination has an important protective effect on the general population, and vaccination should be vigorously promoted. Moreover, it is necessary for COVID-19 patients to perform the detection of olfactory function, and the easier, faster and less expensive method for determination of olfactory function should be utilized to COVID-19 patients as the vital physical examination.

Dynamic monitoring of green credit risk using a hybrid gray correlation degree-TOPSIS method.

Under the background of the new development pattern, the green credit market has ushered in a huge space for development. The monitoring and control of green credit risk is conducive to solving the negative impact of green credit risk and promoting the healthy development and smooth operation of the green credit market. This study first takes different provinces in China as samples; takes the data of government departments, financial institutions, enterprises, and other stakeholders as the monitoring content; and then uses the hybrid gray correlation degree-TOPSIS method to analyze. Next, this paper compares the green credit risk monitoring values of different regions at the same time and the same regions at different times. And it compares the green credit risk monitoring values of green finance pilot cities before and after the pilot. The research results show that there are obvious differences in eastern, central, and western regions in different time periods, and the green credit risk is also different in green finance pilot cities before and after the pilot. Stakeholders such as government departments, financial institutions, and enterprises need to take active measures to improve the efficiency of green credit risk management and achieve the sustainability of green credit development.

Research on influencing factors and transmission mechanisms of green credit risk.

Controlling green credit risk is conducive to increasing the confidence of financial institutions, improving the enthusiasm of enterprises for green innovation, and promoting the sustainable development of green credit and the high-quality development of green economy. This paper puts government intervention, green technology innovation, and regulatory action into the same theoretical framework and puts forward the green credit risk transmission mechanisms which involve the transmission relationship and transmission path on the basis of the influencing factors. Then, this research uses stationary time series data (from the "China Statistical Yearbook," the "Statistical Yearbook" of various provinces, the annual reports of listed companies, etc.) to analyze the current situation of green credit risk in different regions. From the systematic perspective, this study verifies the transmission path of green credit risk and tests the rationality and effectiveness of the green credit risk transmission mechanisms. The research shows that the management of green credit risk requires the active actions of government departments, financial institutions, green enterprises, and regulatory departments.

Method and application for dynamic comprehensive evaluation with subjective and objective information.

In an effort to deal with more complicated evaluation situations, scientists have focused their efforts on dynamic comprehensive evaluation research. How to make full use of the subjective and objective information has become one of the noteworthy content. In this paper, a dynamic comprehensive evaluation method with subjective and objective information is proposed. We use the combination weighting method to determine the index weight. Analysis hierarchy process method is applied to dispose the subjective information, and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method is used to handle the objective information. And for the time weight determination, we consider both time distance and information size to embody the principle of esteeming the present over the past. And then the linear weighted average model is constructed to make the evaluation process more practicable. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this method. Overall, the results suggest that the proposed method is reasonable and effective.