Rapid Discovery of Substances with Anticancer Potential from Marine Fungi Based on a One Strain-Many Compounds Strategy and UPLC-QTOF-MS.

The secondary metabolites of marine fungi with rich chemical diversity and biological activity are an important and exciting target for natural product research. This study aimed to investigate the fungal community in Quanzhou Bay, Fujian, and identified 28 strains of marine fungi. A total of 28 strains of marine fungi were screened for small-scale fermentation by the OSMAC (One Strain-Many Compounds) strategy, and 77 EtOAc crude extracts were obtained and assayed for cancer cell inhibition rate. A total of six strains of marine fungi (P-WZ-2, P-WZ-3-2, P-WZ-4, P-WZ-5, P56, and P341) with significant changes in cancer cell inhibition induced by the OSMAC strategy were analysed by UPLC-QTOF-MS. The ACD/MS Structure ID Suite software was used to predict the possible structures with inhibitory effects on cancer cells. A total of 23 compounds were identified, of which 10 compounds have been reported to have potential anticancer activity or cytotoxicity. In this study, the OSMAC strategy was combined with an untargeted metabolomics approach based on UPLC-QTOF-MS to efficiently analyse the effect of changes in culture conditions on anticancer potentials and to rapidly find active substances that inhibit cancer cell growth.

Highly Efficient Utilization of Ferrate(VI) Oxidation Capacity Initiated by Mn(II) for Contaminant Oxidation: Role of Manganese Species.

Manganese ion [Mn(II)] is a background constituent existing in natural waters. Herein, it was found that only 59% of bisphenol A (BPA), 47% of bisphenol F (BPF), 65% of acetaminophen (AAP), and 49% of 4-tert-butylphenol (4-tBP) were oxidized by 20 µM of Fe(VI), while 97% of BPA, 95% of BPF, 96% of AAP, and 94% of 4-tBP could be oxidized by the Fe(VI)/Mn(II) system [20 µM Fe(VI)/20 µM Mn(II)] at pH 7.0. Further investigations showed that bisphenol S (BPS) was highly reactive with reactive iron species (RFeS) but was sluggish with reactive manganese species (RMnS). By using BPS and methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) as the probe compounds, it was found that reactive iron species contributed primarily for BPA oxidation at low Mn(II)/Fe(VI) molar ratios (below 0.1), while reactive manganese species [Mn(VII)/Mn(III)] contributed increasingly for BPA oxidation with the elevation of the Mn(II)/Fe(VI) molar ratio (from 0.1 to 3.0). In the interaction of Mn(II) and Fe(VI), the transfer of oxidation capacity from Fe(VI) to Mn(III), including the formation of Mn(VII) and the inhibition of Fe(VI) self-decay, improved the amount of electron equivalents per Fe(VI) for BPA oxidation. UV-vis spectra and dominant transformation product analysis further revealed the evolution of iron and manganese species at different Mn(II)/Fe(VI) molar ratios.

Ferrate self-decomposition in water is also a self-activation process: Role of Fe(V) species and enhancement with Fe(III) in methyl phenyl sulfoxide oxidation by excess ferrate.

To reveal the role of ferrate self-decomposition and the fates of intermediate iron species [Fe(V)/Fe(IV) species] during ferrate oxidation, the reaction between ferrate and methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) at pH 7.0 was investigated as a model system in this study. Interestingly, the apparent second-order rate constants (kapp) between ferrate and PMSO was found to increase with ferrate dosage in the condition of excess ferrate in borate buffer. This ferrate dosage effect was diminished greatly in the condition of excess PMSO where ferrate self-decomposition was lessened largely, or counterbalanced by adding a strong complexing ligand (e.g. pyrophosphate) to sequester Fe(V) oxidation, demonstrating that the Fe(V) species derived from ferrate self-decomposition plays an important role in PMSO oxidation. A mechanistic kinetics model involving the ferrate self-decomposition and PMSO oxidation by Fe(VI), Fe(V) and Fe(IV) species was then developed and validated. The modeling results show that up to 99% of the PMSO oxidation was contributed by the ferrate self-decomposition resultant Fe(V) species in borate buffer, revealing that ferrate self-decomposition is also a self-activation process. The direct Fe(VI) oxidation of PMSO was impervious to presence of phosphate or Fe(III), while the Fe(V) oxidation pathway was strongly inhibited by phosphate complexation or enhanced with Fe(III). Similar ferrate dosage effect and its counterbalance by pyrophosphate as well as the Fe(III) enhancement were also observed in ferrate oxidation of micropollutants like carbamazepine, diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole, implying the general role of Fe(V) and promising Fe(III) enhancement during ferrate oxidation of micropollutants.

Synthesis and crystal structure of bis-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-κN2){2,2'-[N-(phenyl-phospho-r-yl-methyl-κO)aza-nedi-yl]di-acetato-κ3O,N,O'}cobalt(II)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (1/1).

In the title compound, [Co(C11H12NO6P)(C6H5N3)2]·C6H5N3, the 2,2'-[N-(phenyl-phospho-rylmethyl-κO)aza-nedi-yl]di-acetate dianion N,O,O',O''-chelates the CoII cation and two 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole mol-ecules coordinate to the CoII cation to complete the slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination. In the crystal, classical O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture. π-π stacking between the triazole and benzene rings and between the benzene rings is also observed in the crystal.

Synthesis and crystal structure of a two-dimensional CoII coordination polymer: poly[(µ3-3-carb-oxy-benzoato)[µ2-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H,2'H-3,3'-bi[1,2,4-triazole]]cobalt(II)].

In the title compound, [Co(C8H5O4)(C9H6N7)] n , the divalent CoII atom is six-coordinated to three N atoms from two symmetrical 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H,2'H-3,3'-bi[1,2,4-triazole] (H2pyttz) ligands and three O atoms from three symmetrical 3-carb-oxy-benzoate (Hbdic) ligands, leading to a distorted {CoN3O3} octa-hedral coordination environment. Two CoII cations are linked by four bridging carboxyl-ate groups to generate a dinuclear [Co2(CO2)4] unit. The dinuclear units are further connected into a chain along [010] via the Hbdic ligands. The other infinite chain, along [100], is formed through the H2pyttz ligands. Finally, the two kinds of chains are cross-linked, by sharing the CoII cations, into a two-dimensional network. In the crystal, adjacent layers are further linked by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework.

Oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury induced by oral administration of Cr(3+) in chicken.

This study aims to investigate the oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury induced by Cr(3+) in chicken. Different doses of CrCl3 solutions (50% LD50 , 25% LD50 , and 12.5% LD50) and equivalent water were orally administered to chicken. Chicken liver samples were measured for the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of glutathione, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide to indirectly evaluate the oxidative stress in chicken liver. Results indicated that the oral administration of Cr(3+) at high dose significantly increased (P < 0.05) the MDA levels after 28 days of exposure, with decreased T-AOC, glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes activities. Low and medium doses groups show that T-AOC, glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes activities increased after 14 days, then decreased gradually, but low and medium groups higher than control group, only high group lower than control group finally. These statistics and histopathological analysis suggest that high dose and long-term exposure of Cr(3+) induce oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury.

[Taxonomic diversity of the plant communities in Pangquangou Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China].

In order to explore the relationship between the taxonomic diversity of plant communities' and environmental factors in Pangquangou Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, 33 stands of the plant communities and environmental information were investigated, respectively. Moreover, the taxonomic variability index (delta+) and the average taxonomic differences index (delta+) of the communities were analyzed as well as the relationships between delta+ and delta+ with environmental factors were discussed. The results showed that the average values of delta+ and delta+ were 270 and 76.5, respectively. Delta+ was negatively correlated with altitude and slope, A+ and latitude had a significant positive correlation, and delta+ and slope had a significant negative correlation. Based on the distributions of the 33 stands in the confidence funnel, the plant communities had a higher taxonomic diversity in Pangquangou Nature Reserve, which resulted from that the plant resources and eco-environment had been effectively conserved with little disturbance from human activities since the establishment of the nature reserve for more than 30 years.

[Preparation conditions optimization of Epimedium polysaccharide liposome].

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation conditions of Epimedium polysaccharide liposome (EPSL). METHODS: EPSL was prepared by membrane distribution-supersound method. In preparation of EPSL test, an orthogonal L9 (3(4)) test was used to optimize the preparation conditions, with four factors of ratio of drug to lipid, ratio of lecithin to cholesterol, ultrasonic time and water bath temperature and two indexes of encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading rate. The encapsulation efficiency of EPSL was determined by protamine method. RESULTS: Optimal preparation condition of EPSL was that ratio of drug to lipid, ratio of lecithin to cholesterol, ultrasonic time and water bath temperature were 1: 30, 4: 1,10 min and 40 degrees C respectively. CONCLUSION: EPSL prepared under Optimal conditions has the property of high encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading rate.