ABSTRACT
The cause of double-yolk (DY) egg production in birds is unclear, but it is related to body weight and adiposity. We explored the causes of the high proportion (up to 26%) of DY eggs in the first clutch of Zhedong white geese. We recorded the egg production of Zhedong white geese during the first egg-laying cycle and counted the proportion of DY eggs. We found that 30% of geese had 3 sets of double or triple follicles of the same diameter in the abdomen, which was close to the DY egg rate. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) genes in granulosa cells were similar within the same set of follicles. Furthermore, the IGF1 concentration in geese that had at least 3 sets of follicles of the same diameter was significantly higher than that in birds with 0-1 set of follicles of the same diameter. Thus, we proposed that, in the first egg-laying stage of geese, high plasma concentrations of IGF1 stimulate the development of pre-hierarchal follicles and cause more than one follicle to be selected at the same time, mature at the same rate under the same gonadotrophin milieu, and ovulate at the same time to produce DY eggs.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Perioperative glycemic status after pancreatic surgery has never been described. However, it's essential for optimal perioperative glucose management and understanding the pathogenesis of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after pancreatectomy. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system provides us a helpful tool for closely monitoring and studying perioperative glucose change. This study tried to describe and compare perioperative glucose level and glycemic variability between different types of pancreatic surgeries via CGM device. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective observational study. Eighteen patients were enrolled and were grouped by different types of surgery received: control group (CTRL), pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), distal pancreatectomy (DP), and total pancreatectomy (TP). CGM devices were implanted and initiated right after the surgery. Mean glucose value (MGV), coefficient of variation (CV), mean of daily difference (MODD), continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA), and time above range (TAR)/time below range (TBR) was compared between groups to assess glucose level and glycemic variability. RESULTS: TP showed the highest MGV and CV among all groups (P<0.001), while CTRL showed the lowest (P<0.001). PD and DP had similar MGV and CV lower than TP but higher than CTRL (P<0.001). TP had the highest MODD and CONGA, CTRL had the lowest, but no significant differences were found between groups. TP had the highest TAR (24.29%) and the lowest TBR (1.28%), while the control group showed the opposite. The differences in TAR/TBR between groups were all significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TP had the highest mean glucose level and the greatest glycemic variability. PD and DP had similar results: a higher mean glucose level than control but lower than TP. For glycemic variability, PD and DP seemed to have a near-normal result resembling the control group. CGM is useful for glucose monitoring in the perioperative management of pancreatic surgery.
