Optimization of semi-continuous dry anaerobic digestion process and biogas yield of dry yellow corn straw: Based on "gradient anaerobic digestion reactor".

In China, the problem of low biogas yield of traditional biogas projects has become increasingly prominent. This study investigated the effects of different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) on the biogas production efficiency and microbial community under pilot conditions. The results show that the "Gradient anaerobic digestion reactor" can stably carry out semi-continuous dry anaerobic digestion and improve biogas yield. The highest volatile solids (VS) biogas yield (413.73 L/kg VS and 221.61 L CH4/kg VS) and VS degradation rate (48.41%) were observed at an HRT of 25 days. When the HRT was 15 days, the volumetric biogas yield was the highest (2.73 L/L/d, 1.43 L CH4/L/d), but the VS biogas yield and degradation rate were significantly decreased. Microbial analysis showed that HRT significantly affected microbial community. It provides basic data support for the development of a new anaerobic digestion process and the practical application of the straw biogas project in China.

Effect of external application of Chinese medicine liquid on preventing phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle: a retrospective study.

OBJECT: To analyze the clinical effect of external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid to prevent phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle in our hospital. METHODS: According to different nursing strategies, 600 patients were divided into control group and observation group. The observation group received external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid in our hospital; the control group was treated with wet compress with 50% magnesium sulfate solution. Then the success rate of indwelling needle puncture, the incidence of phlebitis, the incidence of pain during intravenous drip and the patients' satisfaction with the effect of phlebitis prevention and treatment were compared between the two groups. Then, the success rate of indwelling needle puncture, the incidence of phlebitis, the incidence of pain during intravenous drip and the patients' satisfaction with the effect of phlebitis prevention and treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The success rate of one-time puncture was 93.33% in the observation group and 81.67% in the control group. Observation group average indwelling catheter time for (3.89±2.37) days, significantly higher than that of control group (3.00±1.82) days; the incidence of phlebitis in the observation group was 27.33%, lower than that in the control group (43.00%). The satisfaction rate of observation group was 94.00%, significantly higher than that of control group (80.00%). All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with magnesium sulfate wet compress, external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid in our hospital can effectively prevent the occurrence of phlebitis caused by indwelling needle, especially relieve pain during intravenous drip in patients, with high patient satisfaction.

Dynamics of Scroll Wave in a Three-Dimensional System with Changing Gradient.

The dynamics of a scroll wave in an excitable medium with gradient excitability is studied in detail. Three parameter regimes can be distinguished by the degree of gradient. For a small gradient, the system reaches a simple rotating synchronization. In this regime, the rigid rotating velocity of spiral waves is maximal in the layers with the highest filament twist. As the excitability gradient increases, the scroll wave evolutes into a meandering synchronous state. This transition is accompanied by a variation in twisting rate. Filament twisting may prevent the breakup of spiral waves in the bottom layers with a low excitability with which a spiral breaks in a 2D medium. When the gradient is large enough, the twisted filament breaks up, which results in a semi-turbulent state where the lower part is turbulent while the upper part contains a scroll wave with a low twisting filament.

Influences of periodic mechanical deformation on pinned spiral waves.

In a generic model of excitable media, we study the behavior of spiral waves interacting with obstacles and their dynamics under the influences of simple periodic mechanical deformation (PMD). Depending on the characteristics of the obstacles, i.e., size and excitability, the rotation of a pinned spiral wave shows different scenarios, e.g., embedding into or anchoring on an obstacle. Three different drift phenomena induced by PMD are observed: scattering on small partial-excitable obstacles, meander-induced unpinning on big partial-excitable obstacles, and drifting around small unexcitable obstacles. Their underlying mechanisms are discussed. The dependence of the threshold amplitude of PMD on the characteristics of the obstacles to successfully remove pinned spiral waves on big partial-excitable obstacles is studied.

Emitting waves from heterogeneity by a rotating electric field.

In a generic model of excitable media, we simulate wave emission from a heterogeneity (WEH) induced by an electric field. Based on the WEH effect, a rotating electric field is proposed to terminate existed spatiotemporal turbulence. Compared with the effects resulted by a periodic pulsed electric field, the rotating electric field displays several improvements, such as lower required intensity, emitting waves on smaller obstacles, and shorter suppression time. Furthermore, due to rotation of the electric field, it can automatically source waves from the boundary of an obstacle with small curvature.

Control of turbulence in heterogeneous excitable media.

Control of turbulence in two kinds of typical heterogeneous excitable media by applying a combined method is investigated. It is found that local-low-amplitude and high-frequency pacing (LHP) is effective to suppress turbulence if the deviation of the heterogeneity is minor. However, LHP is invalid when the deviation is large. Studies show that an additional radial electric field can greatly increase the efficiency of LHP. The underlying mechanisms of successful control in the two kinds of cases are different and are discussed separately. Since the developed strategy of combining LHP with a radial electric field can terminate turbulence in excitable media with a high degree of inhomogeneity, it has the potential contribution to promote the practical low-amplitude defibrillation approach.

[The detection of human papilloma virus in juvenile-onset respiratory papillomatosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between juvenile-onset respiratory papillomatosis (JOP) and human papilloma virus (HPV6, HPV11), and the immune function of patients. METHOD: Fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) which combines PCR and fluorescence probe hybridization was used to detect HPV6 , HPV11 DNA in 130 cases. Of these, 68 cases were used Flow Cytometry to measure CD3, CD4, CD8. RESULT: One hundred and fifteen of 130 cases were HPV6, HPV11 DNA positive, the average copy was 5.68 +/- 2.65. For 68 cases,the average percent of CD3,CD4,CD8 were 62.73 +/- 8.63, 30.54 +/- 7.05, 26.08 +/- 6.93, respectively. To compare with control group, there was not statistical significance. CONCLUSION: FQ-PCR is a convenient, accurate and specific method which can quantify the amount of pathogenic germs from 10(1) to 10(10), and is also a reliable factor to predicate clinical diagnose and cure.