ABSTRACT
Research on the immunosuppression of cancer cells has attracted much attention in recent years. The present study sought to provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy targeting mast cells by studying the mechanisms underlying mast cell function in cancer immunosuppression. Between January 2015 and December 2017, the tumor tissues of 40 patients with gastric cancer (GC) were collected and grouped in Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo City, China. Pathological sections were prepared and an immunofluorescence assay was performed to analyze the expression of forkhead Box Protein P3 (FOXP3), tryptase, TGFß1, TGF-ßR, IL-9, IL-9R and Oxford 40 ligand (OX40L). Then, the correlations between FOXP3 and tryptase, TGFß1 and tryptase expression, and the expression of OX40L in patients with GC with different stages were analyzed. The results revealed that high levels of mast cells were present in patients GC, and tryptase and FOXP3 expressions were positively correlated. Mast cells regulate T regulatory (reg) cells in the gastric tumor microenvironment by secreting TGFß1. Tregs, in turn, promote the survival of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment by producing IL-9. Furthermore, OX40L expression in mast cells was significantly associated with Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging of GC. Overall, the present study reported a positive feedback system that functions through TGFß1 and IL-9 to allow cross-talk between Tregs and mast cells. Moreover, OX40L may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. These results may provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy targeting mast cells.
ABSTRACT
Seven constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the rhizome of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid (Asclepiadaceae). Their structures were determined as 1-(4-methoxy-3-(6-methoxy-3-acetylphenylperoxy)phenyl)ethanone (1), 1-(3-hydroxy-7-acetylnaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (2), 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (3), 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (4), 1-(3-(3,6-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl)-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (beishouwubenzophenone) (5), N,N-dimethylethanamine (6), and 2-oxo-2-phenylacetic acid (7), respectively, by spectral methods. Among them, 1 and 2 were new compounds; 1 had antifungal activity.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Cynanchum/chemistry , Naphthalenes/isolation & purification , Naphthalenes/pharmacology , Peroxides/isolation & purification , Peroxides/pharmacology , Acetates , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candidiasis/microbiology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Roots/chemistry , Solvents , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Two new C21-steroidal glycosides having hepta-saccharide residue were isolated from the rhizome of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. Their structures were determined to be caudatin 3-O-alpha-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-l-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-diginopyranoside (1), and caudatin 3-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-diginopyranoside (2) by spectral methods, respectively.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/chemistry , Cynanchum/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Steroids/chemistry , Carbohydrate Conformation , Carbohydrate Sequence , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistryABSTRACT
Four new carbohydrates were isolated from the acidic hydrolysis part of the ethyl acetate extract of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid (Asclepiadaceae). Their structures were determined as methyl 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranoside (1), methyl 6-deoxy-1,3-di-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexosyl-(1-->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-D-arabino-hexopyranoside (2), methyl 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranoside (3), and 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-lyxo-hexopyranose (4), respectively, by spectral methods.
Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/chemistry , Cynanchum/chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Carbohydrate Conformation , Carbohydrate Sequence , Carbohydrates/isolation & purification , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Sequence DataABSTRACT
Two ring A-rearranged clerodane diterpenes named dunniana acids A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Clausena dunniana. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined using spectral methods.
