Site assessment and analysis of military operation ability of plateau training troops / 军事医学

Objective To investigate the effect of plateau training on military operation ability ,evaluate the real situa-tion of combat forces on the plateau , and to provide data for effectively improving the combat effectiveness of the army stationed on the plateau .Methods According to the standards , the levels of high altitude acclimatization , physical work capacity (VO2max, PWC170) and mental work capacity (digit span, digit symbol, pursuit aiming and visual reaction time) were measured to assess the military operation ability of plateau training troops , including troops that entered the plateau from the plain(plateau-entering troops), troops stationed on the plateau (plateau troops) and troops stationed in the plain ( plain troops ) .Results The troops on the plateau all reached basic acclimatization .The aerobic capacities of these three types of troops were of the standard medium level , and the maximum oxygen uptake ( VO2max ) of the plain troops was greater than that of that of plateau-entering troops(P<0.01), and the VO2max of the plateau troops was greater than that of plateau-entering troops(P<0.01).Compared with the plain troops, the VO2 max and PWC170 of the plateau-entering troops decreased by 25.7%and 27.7%respectively.There was no significant difference in the digit span , digit symbol, pursuit aiming between these 3 kinds of troops , but the visual response of the plateau-entering troops was prolonged ( P<0.01), while the pursuit aiming of the plateau troops was lower than that of the plateau-entering troops(P <0.05). Conclusion Acclimatization-promoting measures and plateau training can contribute to high altitude acclimatization formation, but cannot overcome the objective adverse effects of the plateau on physical fitness .Two months of plateau training fails to improve physical fitness.Therefore, special attention should be paid to the research on scientific and effective measures to improve physical fitness on the plateau .

Over-expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 predicts chemo-sensitivity and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Despite the advances in therapy over the years, its mortality remains high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteases 1 (SENP1) in NSCLC tissues and its role in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We also investigated the association between the expression level of SENP1 and the clinicopathological features and survival of the patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A SENP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was constructed and transfected into the NSCLC cells. VEGF gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry staining was used to assess the expression of SENP1 in 100 NSCLC patients and its association with the clinicopathological features and survival was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>VEGF expression was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues. Inhibition of SENP1 by siRNA was associated with decreased VEGF expression. SENP1 was over-expressed in 55 of the 100 NSCLC samples (55%) and was associated with a moderate and low histological tumor grade (3.6%, 38.2%, and 58.2% in high, moderate and low differentiated tumors, respectively, P = 0.046), higher T stage (10.9% in T1, and 89.1% in T2 and T3 tumor samples, P < 0.001) and TNM stage (10.9% in stage I, and 89.1% in stages II and III tumor samples, P < 0.001). The rate of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the SENP1 over-expression group (76.4%) than that in the SENP1 low expression group (33.3%, P < 0.001). Sixty three patients received postoperative chemotherapy, including 34 with SENP1 over-expression and 29 with SENP1 low expression. Among the 34 patients with SENP1 over-expression, 22 (64.7%) patients developed recurrence or metastasis, significantly higher than those in the low expression group 27.6% (8/29) (P = 0.005). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (P = 0.015), TNM stage (P = 0.001), and SENP1 expression level (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for the survival of NSCLC patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SENP1 may be a promising predictor of survival, a predictive factor of chemo-sensitivity for NSCLC patients, and potentially a desirable drug target for lung carcinoma target therapy.</p>

Effect of NF-κB activation on the radiation response of esophageal cancer cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of NF-κB activation on radiation response of esophageal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of NF-κB was detected in pretreatment and posttreatment specimens of patients with ESCC by immunohistochemistry. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blot were used to detect the activation of NF-κB in esophageal cancer cell line KYSE150 cells. SN50, a specific NF-κB inhibitor, was applied to inhibit the activation of NF-κB. Clone formation test was used to detect the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival time of patients with activated and inactivated NF-κB in the pretreatment specimens were 16 and 19 months, respectively, with a non-significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). As to the patients with activated and inactivated NF-κB in posttreatment specimens, the median survival times were 13 and 35 months, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.01) between them. Western blot showed that the cytoplasmic expression of NF-κB was reduced with increasing radiation dose at 1.5 and 3 hours after radiation treatment. However, the expression of NF-κB in the cell nuclei was increased under the same condition, showing a trend of increased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. The clone number in SN50 group was 96.66, 64.66, 76.66 and 10.00 under 0, 2, 4 and 12 Gy irradiation, which demonstrated a significant difference compared with the control groups (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results show that activation of NF-κB is induced by radiotherapy. Activation of NF-κB reduces the outcome of radiation treatment of esophageal cancer patients.</p>

Dynamic and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria communities during sludge granulation in an anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor.

The structure dynamic of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community and the distribution of AOB and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in granular sludge from an anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were investigated. A combination of process studies, molecular biotechniques and microscale techniques were employed to identify and characterize these organisms. The AOB community structure in granules was substantially different from that of the initial pattern of the inoculants sludge. Along with granules formation, the AOB diversity declined due to the selection pressure imposed by process conditions. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing results demonstrated that most of Nitrosomonas in the inoculating sludge were remained because of their ability to rapidly adapt to the settling-washing out action. Furthermore, DGGE analysis revealed that larger granules benefit more AOB species surviving in the reactor. In the SBR were various size granules coexisted, granule diameter affected the distribution range of AOB and NOB. Small and medium granules (d<0.6 mm) cannot restrict oxygen mass transfer in all spaces of the sludge. Larger granules (d>0.9 mm) can result in smaller aerobic volume fraction and inhibition of NOB growth. All these observations provide support to future studies on the mechanisms responsible for the AOB in granules systems.

The EPS characteristics of sludge in an aerobic granule membrane bioreactor.

The relationship between extracellular polymerase substances (EPS) and sludge characteristic were investigated by extraction and analysis of EPS in different size biomass and membrane fouling in an aerobic granule membrane bioreactor (GMBR). The results indicated that the contents of EPS, polysaccharides and proteins in large granules (particle diameter, d>0.45mm) were significantly lower than that in small granules (d<0.45mm) and flocculent sludge. In addition, the content of EPS in membrane fouling was more than that in suspended biomass. For flocculent sludge, the sedimentation and filtering performance decreased markedly as increasing EPS content. However, for granular sludge, there was no significant correlation between EPS content and sludge characteristics. Furthermore, application of aerobic granule can improve sludge filtering properties and delay the process of membrane fouling, as a result of better morphological structure and lower EPS content.

Overexpression of RhoE in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is associated with smoking and correlates with DNA copy number changes.

RhoE, a small G protein, is constitutively GTP bound within the cell and can regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization, leading to the appearance of aggregates of actin filaments. Although emerging evidence suggests that RhoE is causally involved in cancer formation and progression, little is known about its significance in solid cancer, including lung cancer. In the present study, the expression of RhoE was analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot in 30 patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Then the correlation of RhoE overexpression with clinical parameters was evaluated. Furthermore, the possible reasons contributing to the RhoE expression were examined by real-time genomic PCR and mutation analysis on DNA sequence and cDNA sequence. Our results revealed that RhoE expression was dramatically increased in lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent nontumoral lung tissues (p <0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a strong cytoplasmic staining in cancer cells compared with positive membrane staining in adjacent nontumoral proliferative alveolar epitheliums. Moreover, the overexpression of RhoE was significantly associated with the patients' smoking history (p <0.05). 72% tumor tissues displayed DNA copy number changes based on the DNA levels in the matched adjacent nontumoral lung tissues and this copy number changes correlated significantly with RhoE expression and smoking history (p <0.05). Three polymorphisms were identified but no correlation was found with the clinicopathological features. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that overexpression of RhoE correlated with smoking and DNA copy number changes, suggesting that RhoE may serve as a molecular marker to identify high-risk individuals and assist in the identification of additional pathways of carcinogenesis.

Detection of Common Fungal Pathogens by Genenral Primer PCR / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To develop the detection method of common fungal pathogens by general primer PCR.Methods The primers were designed from the target genes of 5.8S rDNA and 28S rDNA of fungi,and the specificity and sensitivity were observed.Results The general primer PCR can be used to detected C.albicans,C.parapsilosis,C.krusei,C.glabrata,C.tropicalis,C.neoformans,A.fumigatus,A.flavus,A.nidulans,A.niger,C.carrionii,P.verrucosa,S.schenckii,F.pedrosoi,T.rubrum,T.mentagrophytes,M.gypseum,M.canis,E.floccosum,M.racemosus,the sensitivity was 15 pg/ml of DNA.Conclusion The general primer PCR can be used to detect common fungal pathogens.

SNP767A/T of FUS2 gene and lung cancer risk in Chinese population / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>FUS2 gene locating at 3p21.3 is considered a promising candidate tumor suppressor gene. The aim of this study is to examine the difference in FUS2-767A/T polymorphism site between lung cancer patients and normal controls in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotype FUS2-767A/T was detected in 146 lung cancer patients and 113 normal controls by PCR-SSCP method. The relationship between lung cancer risk and difference in genotypes of FUS2 gene was analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FUS2-767A/T was significantly related to histological type (P=0.044), age of the patients with lung cancer (P=0.011) and vessel cancer embolus (P=0.031) in lung cancer group. There was no significant difference in distribution of FUS2 genotypes between lung cancer patients and normal controls (P=0.945).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggest that the FUS2-767A/T polymorphism may be a susceptibility factor for lung cancer among Chinese population.</p>

Effects of Vitamin E on Mouse Lung Cancer Induced by Benzo(a)pyrene / 环境与健康杂志

Objective The epidemiologic evidences indicate that the benefits of using vitamin E (VE) against lung cancer remain controversial, the goal of the present paper is to know whether VE can produce the protective effect in lung cancer induced by benzo(a)pyrene B(a)P . Methods 225 Swiss mice were randomly divided into groups and treated with B(a)P and VE to systematically observe the intervention effects of VE on mouse lung cancer caused by B(a)P. Results VE exhibited no protective effect on B(a)P-induced lung cancer in female mice and instead promoted B(a)P carcinogenesis; neither protective effect nor promotion effect was observed in the male mice. The mechanism by which VE intervention influenced B(a)P carcinogenesis and lung cancer in female mice might be more complex. Conclusion The results of the present paper suggest that VE should not be used to prevent lung cancer induced by B(a)P.

The Expression of Estrogen Receptor Beta in the Lung Tissue of Mice Treaded with Benzo [a]pyrene Alone or Combined with Estrogen / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the expression of estrogen receptor beta in the lung tissue of mice treaded with B[a]p alone or combined with estrogen (17 ?-estradiol, E2) in female Kunming strain mice and to explore the effect of estrogen in the lung cancer of mice induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Methods One hundred and twenty-five female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group was group 1 ;group 2 was treated with subcutaneous injection of estrogen ( 900 ?g/kg); group 3 was given B[a]P(75 ?mol/kg) by gavage;the last two groups were given the same dosage of B[a]P (75 ?mol/kg)plus two different dosage of estrogen: 900 ?g/kg and 300 ?g/kg. After 8 weeks,there was a recovery period of 8 weeks. Then, the lung tissue was obtained by surgical resection. The expression of estrogen receptor-? gene and estrogen receptor-? protein of the lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting technology respectively. Results The expression of estrogen receptor-? protein and estrogen receptor-? gene in the B[a]P group and the B[a]P plus low dosage estrogen group was significantly higher than the normal group (P