Mediating effect of physical sub-health in the association of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption with depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: A structural equation model.

BACKGROUND: Although previous findings with small samples indicated that sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption was associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents, the mediating effect of physical sub-health in the association is unknown. METHODS: A survey was conducted among freshmen from 11 provinces in China. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary behavior, and patient health questionnaire-9 items was used to assess depressive symptoms. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between SSB consumption, physical sub-health and depressive symptoms. The structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of physical sub-health. RESULTS: Of the 31,856 participants, 36.5 % had positive depressive symptoms. After adjusting for variables, carbonate beverages (ß = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.07-0.15; P = 0.000) and milk tea (ß = 0.07; 95%CI: 0.01-0.13; P = 0.021) consumption was associated with depressive symptoms in boys. Carbonate beverages (ß = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.05-0.13; P = 0.000), tea beverages (ß = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.04-0.13; P = 0.000), and milk tea (ß = 0.08; 95%CI: 0.04-0.11; P = 0.000) consumption was associated with depressive symptoms in girls. The mediating effect of physical sub-health accounted for 81.3 % of the total effect in the mediating model of SSB associated with depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective survey has certain information bias. Association observed in the cross-sectional study is uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the consumption of SSB associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese college students, and physical sub-health plays a complete mediating role in the association.

Effects of different exercise modes on the exercise capacity and cognitive functioning of elderly persons with hypertension / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effect of aerobic exercise and resistance training on the exercise capacity and cognition of elderly persons with hypertension.Methods Eighty-four elderly persons with essential hypertension were randomly divided into an aerobic exercise (AE) group,a resistance training (RT) group and a sedentary control (SC) group,each of 28.The AE and RT groups received 12 weeks of aerobic exercise or resistance training respectively,while the SC group maintained their normal lifestyles.Before and after the experiment,maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time and distance to exhaustion were evaluated using a treadmill and a 30 s Wingate test.Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris was quantified using an isokinetic ergometer.Perception speed,mental arithmetic,spatial imaging,working memory and memory recall were tested using computer software.Results After the intervention,significant increases were observed in the average VO2max and the time and distance to exhaustion of the AE group.The RT group showed significant improvements in the 30 s Wingate test,as well as in their average MVC,peak power,mean power and fatigue index.The average systolic and diastolic pressure was reduced in both groups but the difference was not significant.Average perception speed,working memory and total score in the cognitive function test had however improved significantly in both groups.There was no significant inter-group difference.The SC group showed no significant changes.Conclusion Either aerobic exercise or resistance training can reduce the blood pressure and improve cognition for elderly persons with essential hypertension,though they have significantly different effects on the exercise capacity.

A comparative study on verb translation of four-character pathogenesis TCM terms of ;spleen and stomach / 国际中医中药杂志

Objectives This paper aimed at exploring the principles and strategies of TCM terminology translation by analyzing the translation of four-character pathogenesis TCM terms of spleen and stomach. Methods Among the verb translation of four-character pathogenesis TCM terms of spleen and stomach from the three prominent national and international dictionaries of TCM terminologies, the researcher chose 12 verbs to conduct a comparative study analyzing the similarities and differences of the English translation under the guidance of accuracy and systematization, two main principles of terminology translation. Results A recommended translation version of these 12 verbs was provided. Conclusion This paper suggested that verb transltion is the key in four-character TCM terminology translation, and verb should be translated in the form of noun and V-ing. TCM terminology translation should employ the principle of accuracy and systematization, together with simplicity, nationality and back-translation.