[Mental evaluation of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in different treatment settings]. / Psikhicheskaia otsenka bol'nykh s vpervye vyiavlennym tuberkulezom legkikh pri razlichnykh organizatsionnykh formakh lechebnogo protsessa.

New one hundred and five cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were examined to evaluate the mental status in different treatment settings: a day hospital, a polyclinic, and a hospital. The Aizenok questionnaire. Shihan's test, and a clinical and symptomatological questionnaire and interviews with patients were used for psychological studies. In the day hospital and polyclinic, therapy improved the mental status of the patients at discharge. They showed their adequate attitude towards their disease, felt well and had great visas for their future social and familial life. They all were eager to resume their former work, attempted to preserve their social and working status and 16 (72.7%) patients treated at the day hospital and 18 (75%) outpatients continued working.

[Suicides in the Russian Federation as a sociopsychiatric problem]. / Samoubiistva v Rossiiskoi Federatsii kak sotsiopsikhiatricheskaia problema.

The analysis of suicide situation in Russia in 1989-1993 is presented. Unfavourable trends have been identified: growth of suicides prevalence and younger age of their committing. The differentiation of Russian regions according to suicide rates is also presented. While suicide prevalence was 37.9 per 100,000 among general Russian population it was more than twice as high among mentally ill, in outpatient clinic, that is 78.2. 1738 mentally ill suicide cases have been considered. Most of these suicides have been committed by patients at the age of 30-59 years. Schizophrenic patients prevailed--55.6% of cases. It was found that unlike general population age-sex structure of the population considered was more stable and wasn't changed under the influence of social factors. The changes in the nosological structure of the above population depended on the changes of the psychiatric registration procedure.

[The factors affecting the mental health status and dynamics of the population]. / Faktory, vliiaiushchie na sostoianie i dinamiku psikhicheskogo zdorov'ia naseleniia.

The main factors having influence upon the state and the dynamics of mental health of population were considered on the basis of both literature data and authors own observations. The following groups of factors influencing either rise of psychical disorders incidence or their development as well as accumulation of patients in population were distinguished as well as corresponding epidemiological indices were identified too: 1) the level of psychiatric aid development, the principles of it organisation, 2) the inner conditions of diseases development, 3) social factors, 4) natural and anthropogenic environment.

[Debatable issues in the problem of somatoform and related disorders]. / Spornye voprosy v probleme somatoformnykh i smezhnykh rasstroistv.

The questions of including into ICD-10 and DSM-III-R of extranosological category--somatoform disorders is discussed. Some positive moments were considered, but inexpediency of the limitation of somatoform disorders to psychological disturbances only, doubtfulness of both including psychosomatic diseases in this category and age limitations in beginning and duration of the disease were stressed. The concept of somatopsychic diseases was proposed with three main variations: 1) with relatively independent rise of somatic and psychic disorders, 2) with prevailing etiopathogenic role of psychic factor (psychosomatic disorders, somatized psychic disturbances, somatoform neurotic and psychosomatic disturbances), 3) with prevailing etiopathogenic role of somatic factors (somatogenic psychic disorders). The actual distribution of somatopsychic disturbances are presented on the syndromal, nosologic and personal levels using data of prophylactic medical examination of one big enterprise's employees.

[The estimation of the public danger of schizophrenia patients based on epidemiological research data]. / Otsenka obshchestvennoi opasnosti bol'nykh shizofreniei po dannym épidemiologicheskikh issledovanii.

The article presents the proportion of different categories of patients with schizophrenia performing socially dangerous actions (SDA) in the total number of registered patients. It describes features of the disease, sex, age specific for clinical presentation background. Complex evaluation of factors, including premorbid of personality traits and environmental phenomena is considered to be very important because of its prognostic significance. In cases with less acute and less progressive course of the disease significance of social and psychological factors increases. Difficulties in up-to-date detection of patients, inclined to SDA, are analysed.

[Medico-demographic models in psychiatry]. / Mediko-demograficheskie modeli v psikhiatrii.

The paper presents data on current mental disease prevalence, on some aspects of psychiatric service management, on social damage inflicted by psychic diseases and financial resources the society is willing to give off for relevant compensations. The importance of social modelling of the patients for prognostication of their life and estimation of the disease-induced damages is emphasized. Different forms of therapeutic modalities in psychiatry are analyzed in terms of efficacy. The authors draw attention of health service officials to poor reserves and outdated management of psychiatric service in the country.

[Psychiatric services in the USSR and their various indicators]. / Psikhiatricheskaia pomoshch' v SSSR i nekotorye ee pokazateli.

The development of psychiatry in the USSR is reviewed bearing in mind the dynamics of the main characteristics of mental patients registered at the psychoneurological dispensaries (PND). In 1965, 2188.5 thousand patients were on the books at the PND in this country, whereas in 1987, their number rose to 10201.3 thousand. Therefore, during 22 years the number of mental patients increased 4.7-fold. The greatest increase is recorded among patients suffering from schizophrenia and psychopathy. This tendency is characteristic of all the republics. At the same time the disability rate among schizophrenic patients dropped (possibly at the expense of a more favorable course of this pathology). The authors point out that this country ranks ninth in the world in the number of psychiatrists per 1000 population. As far as the number of beds for mental patients is concerned, it occupies the 23d place. From 1985 to 1988, the load of the dispensary psychiatrist reduced from 565 to 520 patients, i.e. it diminished by 8%. On the whole the psychiatric services render assistance to 4% of the population of this country today.

[Effect of social factors on the prevalence and course of schizophrenia]. / Vliianie sotsia'lnykh faktorov na rasprostranennos't i techenie shizofrenii.

The results of comparative clinico-epidemiological study of schizophrenic patients in the three populations differing in their socioeconomic and cultural conditions allowed us to identify the disease characteristics determined by general pathogenic mechanisms (relationship of initiation and prevalence of one or another course types with age and sex of the patients) and characteristics liable to changes under impact of social factors (the prevalence of the disease, its representation in different age groups. Relationship of the forms of its course, syndromological structure, clinical features, nature of social and labor adaptation). Migration, cultural features, socioeconomic level of the region, educational level are stressed among the factors influencing the incidence of schizophrenia, its course and social and labor adaptation.

[Disordered DNA repair in the lymphocytes of patients with schizophrenia depending on the form of the course of the disease]. / Narushenie reparatsii DNK v limfotsitakh bol'nykh shizofreniei v zavisimosti ot formy techeniia zabolevaniia.

Employing the appropriate technique the authors have examined lymphocytes of 26 patients suffering from schizophrenia of different types. The study has shown distinct disorders of DNA reparation associated with this disease, which is suggestive of deficiency or noncoordination of the enzymatic system explained by mutations in corresponding genes. Disorders of DNA reparation have until recently been known to be associated only with hereditary diseases.

[Disorders of repair processes in the lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients, cultured in vitro]. / Narusheniia protsessov reparatsii v limfotsitakh bol'nykh shizofreniei, kul'tiviruemykh in vitro.

Repair disorders of DNA damage induced by gamma-radiation and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide treatment in cultivated lymphocytes of patients with schizophrenia. 13 criteria were used for estimation of repair activity (reactivation of viral host cells) repair synthesis, reparation of DNA breaks, formation of spontaneous and induced sister chromatid exchanges.

[International study of schizophrenia based on a WHO program. Purposes and methods of the study]. / Mezhdunarodnoe issledovanie shizofrenii po programme VOZ. Zadachi i metody issledovaniia.

The authors report on a new transcultural investigation of schizophrenia in the framework of the WHO programme which involved 13 research centres from 10 countries and was aimed at identifying the prevalence, clinical manifestations and regularities of the course of schizophrenia in different countries. The authors discuss methodological requirements to the conduction of large-scale clinical and epidemiological cross-cultural studies and analyze the methodological experience of the current WHO programme.

[Inhibition of repair activity induced by gamma-, UV-irradiation and radiomimetics in cultured cells from schizophrenia patients]. / Ingibirovanie reparativnoi aktivnosti, indutsirovannoi gamma-, UV-oblucheniem i radiomimetikami, v kul'tiviruemykh kletkakh bol'nykh shizofreniei.

A study was made of the processes of repair, virus reactivation, and formation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in blood cells of patients with schizophrenia after the effect of gamma-radiation and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. These processes were estimated by 12 criteria. The mutagen-induced disturbances in the processes of repair and SCE formation were found in cells of patients with schizophrenia and were absent in the control cells of healthy donors.

[Problem and significance of cross-cultural studies in psychiatry]. / Problema i znachenie transkul'tural'nykh issledovanii v psikhiatrii.

Transcultural studies in psychiatry allow for the judgement about differences and prevalence of psychic diseases in the region and an individual ethnic group, characterized by definite features of culture, and for exploration of the effects of these features on the occurrence of one or another psychic abnormality, shaping, pathoplasty and rehabilitation of the patients as well. In this connection, transcultural studies are of great importance for elucidation of the importance of the conditions of social life in the formation of psychopathological phenomena and in the progress of epidemiological studies in psychiatry.