Involvement of two-pore channels in hydrogen peroxide-induced increase in the level of calcium ions in the cytoplasm of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Hydrogen peroxide at concentrations below cytotoxic ones causes an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as a result of calcium release from intracellular stores. Two-pore calcium channel blocker trans-NED19 partially suppresses the increase in the level of calcium ions in the cells in response to the addition of hydrogen peroxide. The staining of endothelial cells with the fluorescent stereoisomer cis-NED19 and LysoTracker confirmed the localization of two-pore calcium channels in lysosomes and endolysosomal vesicles.

[Serotonin and its receptors in the cardiovascular system].

Serotonin in cardiovascular system plays an important role in blood coagulation, allergy, and inflammation, as well as in blood vessel tone regulation. In this review, the mechanisms of serotonin effects upon the cells of blood vessels are considered and the list of main agonists and antagonists is presented. The signaling pathways activated by serotonin and their interaction in normal and pathological states are described.

[Calmodulin inhibitors suppress a calcium signal from serotonin receptors in smooth muscle cells and remove the vasoconstrictive response upon intravenous introduction of serotonin].

Comparative study of the effect of calmodulin inhibitors (trifluoperazine, W-12, and W-13) and the TRPVI channel blocker (capsazepine) on receptor-dependent calcium exchange in smooth muscle cells of the rat aorta and on the contractility of the isolated aorta was conducted. It was determined that trifluoperazine almost completely removes an increase in the concentration of calcium ions in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells (isolated from the rat aorta) and smooth muscle cells of the A7r5 line in response to serotonin and does not influence the cell response to vasopressin and angiotensin II. W-12 and W-13 also do not reduce calcium ion concentration increase (induced by vasopressin and angiotensin II) but reduces by two times its rise in response to serotonin. It was found that the efficiency of calcium exchange suppression by calmodulin inhibitors correlates with the intensity at which they inhibit the contractile response of the aorta on the effect of serotonin. It was detected that the inhibiting effect of calmodulin blockers on calcium exchange in smooth muscle cells and the contractility of the rat isolated aorta during the activation of serotonin vasoconstrictive receptors are realized by a TRPV1-independent mechanism. It was demonstrated in experiments in vivo that trifluoperazine does not influence hypotensive reaction in rats (normally observed in response to intravenous serotonin introduction), but removes the hypertensive effect of this neurotransmitter in rats after chronic introduction of dexamethasone. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis (that we previously stated) about the direct involvement of calmodulin in signal transmission from vasoconstrictive serotonin receptors.