ABSTRACT
This article makes use of financial-economic modeling to study the measures of providing necessary support to Russian oilfield service companies due to a reduction in the amount of orders on the part of oil and gas companies because of the slowdown in the demand for energy inputs as a result of restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The global practices of drilling uncompleted wells are analyzed; a brief review of the current market situation is provided. The need for taking system-level steps to support the industry and maintaining the key competences and share of Russian companies in the market is shown.
ABSTRACT
The spectroscopic technique for pH measurement is a well-established laboratory technique that can give high-accuracy pH values. Recent studies have shown the advantage of this technique over standard potentiometric methods for pH measurements in fresh water and seawater and also at high temperatures and pressures. However, a limitation of the spectroscopic technique is that a single pH dye is sensitive only over a narrow pH range. We have developed optimized dye mixtures that are both sensitive and accurate over a broad pH range. The measurement is robust and simple, requires a minimum of two wavelengths, and is independent of the volume of the dye mixture added. Optimization of the dye mixture formulation to maximize accuracy in a broad range of pH involves varying both the dye type and its mole fraction and also accounting for spectral noise. This technique has been successfully applied for in situ pH measurements of oilfield formation waters.
