Continuously Tunable MOFs Enable Precise Mass Transfer for High-Performance Isomer Separation.

Modulating mass transfer is crucial for optimizing the catalytic and separation performances of porous materials. Here, we systematically developed a series of continuously tunable MOFs (CTMOFs) that exhibit incessantly increased mass transfer. This was achieved through the strategic blending of ligands with different lengths and ratios in MOFs featuring the fcu topology. By employing a proportional mixture of two ligands in the synthesis of UiO-66, the micropores expanded, facilitating faster mass transfer. The mass transfer rate was evaluated by dye adsorption, dark-field microscopy, and gas chromatography (GC). The GC performance proved that both too-fast and too-slow mass transfer led to low separation performance. The optimized mass transfer in CTMOFs resulted in an exceptionally high separation resolution (5.96) in separating p-xylene and o-xylene. Moreover, this study represents the first successful use of MOFs for high-performance separation of propylene and propane by GC. This strategy provides new inspiration in regulating mass transfer in porous materials.

Salvia guidongensis sp. nov.: unraveling a critical evolutionary link in East Asian Salvia from Central China integrating morphology, phylogeny, and plastid genomics.

Introduction: Salvia L., representing the largest genus within the mint family, is noted for its global distribution of approximately 1000 species, with East Asia, and particularly China, recognized as a critical center of diversity for the genus. Methods: Our research was conducted through extensive fieldwork in Guidong County, Hunan Province, China, where we identified a previously undescribed species of Salvia. The identification process involved detailed morphological observations, phylogenetic analyses, and plastid genomics. Results: The newly discovered species, Salvia guidongensis, exhibits unique characteristics not commonly observed in the East Asian lineage of Salvia, including dual floral colors within natural populations-either pale purple or pale yellow. Morphologically, while it shares similarities with members of sect. Glutinaria, S. guidongensis is distinct in its floral morphology, stature, and specific foliar traits. Phylogenetic analysis places S. guidongensis in a unique clade within the East Asian lineage of Salvia, suggesting it may serve as an important evolutionary link. Additionally, we explored the plastome features of S. guidongensis, comparing them with those of closely related species. Discussion: The discovery of S. guidongensis not only entriches the taxonomic tapestry of Salvia but also provides critical insights into the biogeography and evolutionary pathways of the genus in East Asia. By integrating morphological and molecular data, we validate the novel status of S. guidongensis and highlight its significance in bridging taxonomic and evolutionary gaps within Sect. Glutinaria of Salvia.

Near-UV Extinction of Submicron Thickness Ice Films in the 290-350 nm Range at 258 K.

Ice clouds affect the energy balance of the atmosphere through absorption, reflection, and scattering of solar radiation. We have developed a new experimental technique to simultaneously measure thin ice film extinction and its thickness (about 0.06-0.21 µm) by combining Brewster angle cavity ring-down spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance. The ice film serves as a proxy for ice clouds. Thin ice films were formed by water vapor deposition on a silica surface at 258 K. The average extinction cross sections of ice films were determined to be about 6.6 × 10-23, 8.1 × 10-23, 5.3 × 10-23, 5.6 × 10-23, 5.2 × 10-23, 5.1 × 10-23, and 3.9 × 10-23 cm2/molecule at wavelengths of 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, and 350 nm at 258 K, respectively. Atmospheric implications of the results are discussed.

Deciphering the Plastomic Code of Chinese Hog-Peanut (Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth., Leguminosae): Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Insights within the Phaseoleae Tribe.

The classification and phylogenetic relationships within the Phaseoleae tribe (Leguminosae) have consistently posed challenges to botanists. This study addresses these taxonomic intricacies, with a specific focus on the Glycininae subtribe, by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the highly conserved plastome in Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth., a critical species within this subtribe. Through meticulous genomic sequencing, we identified a plastome size of 148,650 bp, composed of 128 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Comparative genomic analysis across seven Glycininae species illuminated a universally conserved circular and quadripartite structure, with nine genes exhibiting notable nucleotide diversity, signifying a remarkable genomic variability. Phylogenetic reconstruction of 35 Phaseoleae species underscores the affinity of Amphicarpaea with Glycine, placing Apios as a sister lineage to all other Phaseoleae species, excluding Clitorinae and Diocleinae subtribes. Intriguingly, Apios, Butea, Erythrina, and Spatholobus, traditionally clumped together in the Erythrininae subtribe, display paraphyletic divergence, thereby contesting their taxonomic coherence. The pronounced structural differences in the quadripartite boundary genes among taxa with unresolved subtribal affiliations demand a reevaluation of Erythrininae's taxonomic classification, potentially refining the phylogenetic contours of the tribe.

Ovariectomy induces hyperalgesia accompanied by upregulated estrogen receptor α and protein kinase B in the rat spinal cord.

Hormone supplementation is one of the common therapies for menopause-related disorders. Among different tools, the ovariectomy (OVX) rodents are widely accepted as an appropriate menopausal pain model. Our previous study has showed that OVX produces a significant pain facilitation in both acute pain and tonic pain, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of OVX treatment and estradiol (E2) supplementation on formalin-induced nociceptive responses, and explored the associated spinal mechanisms. Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral OVX, and E2 supplementation was given subcutaneously from the 5th week after surgery (30 µg/day for 7 days). Our results showed that formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors did not differ between diestrus and proestrus stages of the estrous in intact rats. However, OVX exacerbated formalin-evoked inflammatory pain, especially in the late phase at 4-5 weeks but not 2 weeks post-surgery. E2 supplementation significantly reversed the OVX-triggered hyperalgesia. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that both ERα and ERß in the spinal dorsal horn were co-labeled with the neuronal markers, but not with markers of astrocytes or microglia. The spinal ERα (but not ERß) expression significantly increased in the OVX group, which was reversed by E2 supplementation. Moreover, the OVX individuals showed an increased protein kinase B (AKT) level in lumbar spinal cord, and E2 supplementation diminished the AKT expression in OVX rats. Finally, intrathecal injection Wortmannin, an inhibitor for AKT signaling, effectively reduced the nociceptive behaviors in the late phase and the number of c-fos positive cells. Together, our findings indicate that E2 supplementation alleviates the OVX-induced hyperalgesia, which might be involved in spinal ERα and AKT mechanisms.

Comparison of the efficacy of autologous platelet gel and medical chitosan in the prevention of recurrence of intrauterine adhesions after transcervical resection of adhesion: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Intrauterine adhesion (IUAs) in women is a debatable topic and there is no clear consensus in its management and treatment strategies. Previous treatment measures have limitations which necessitates to consider effective measures for prevention of recurrence of IUAs. Hence, the aim of this study to explore the efficacy and safety of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet gel (APG) and medical chitosan in preventing recurrence of IUAs in females after transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA). METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 80 patients presented with moderate to severe IUAs. Patients were randomized into two groups, APG group (n = 40) and medical chitosan group (n = 40). All patients were injected with either APG or medical chitosan after TCRA. RESULTS: The postoperative recurrence rate of adhesions in APG group was significantly lower than those in medical chitosan group (21% vs 49%). The median AFS score during the second-look hysteroscopy was significantly lower in APG group than in medical chitosan group (P = 0.008). The median AFS score reduction after TCRA surgery was significantly higher in APG group than in medical chitosan group (median, 95% CI 7.000, 6.0 to 8.3 vs. 6.000, 5.0 to 7.0, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis of platelet concentration (1000 as cut-off value) into high- and low-dose subgroups reported no significant correlation existed between APG and baseline characteristics, recurrence rate and postoperative AFS reduction score except for previous intrauterine operation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thus, after TCRA, intrauterine injections of APG provides better efficacy and safety compared with intrauterine injections of medical chitosan in preventing recurrence of intrauterine adhesions.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the natural biopolyester for future medical innovations.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of natural microbial biopolyesters with the same basic chemical structure and diverse side chain groups. Based on their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplastic properties and diversity, PHAs are highly promising medical biomaterials and elements of medical devices for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. However, due to the high cost of biotechnological production, most PHAs have yet to be applied in the clinic and have only been studied at laboratory scale. This review focuses on the biosynthesis, diversity, physical properties, biodegradability and biosafety of PHAs. We also discuss optimization strategies for improved microbial production of commercial PHAs via novel synthetic biology tools. Moreover, we also systematically summarize various medical devices based on PHAs and related design approaches for medical applications, including tissue repair and drug delivery. The main degradation product of PHAs, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), is recognized as a new functional molecule for cancer therapy and immune regulation. Although PHAs still account for only a small percentage of medical polymers, up-and-coming novel medical PHA devices will enter the clinical translation stage in the next few years.

Toward Antifragility: Social Defeat Stress Enhances Learning and Memory in Young Mice Via Hippocampal Synaptosome Associated Protein 25.

Social adversity not only causes severe psychological diseases but also may improve people's ability to learn and grow. However, the beneficial effects of social adversity are often ignored. In this study, we investigated whether and how social adversity affects learning and memory in a mouse social defeat stress (SDS) model. A total of 652 mice were placed in experimental groups of six to 23 mice each. SDS enhanced spatial, novelty, and fear memory with increased synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) level and dendritic spine density in hippocampal neurons among young but not middle-aged mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of hippocampal CaMK2A+ neurons blocked SDS-induced enhancement of learning or memory. Knockdown of SNAP-25 or blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit GluN2B in the hippocampus prevented SDS-induced learning memory enhancement in an emotion-independent manner. These findings suggest that social adversity promotes learning and memory ability in youths and provide a neurobiological foundation for biopsychological antifragility.

Biomimetic natural biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: new biosynthesis methods, recent advances, and emerging applications.

Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine. In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials, biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, such materials have mechanical adaptability, microstructure interconnectivity, and inherent bioactivity, making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine. This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials (BNBMs), including advances in their preparation, functionality, potential applications and future challenges. We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM. Moreover, we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications. Finally, we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.

The protective effect of hesperidin on cardiac and renal tissue damage in DOCA/Salt hypertensive rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of hesperidin (HES) on cardiorenal damage induced by DOCA/Salt hypertension and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (Ctrl), model group (DOCA/Salt), and DOCA/Salt with hesperidin group (DOCA/Salt + HES). HES was administered for four weeks. Blood pressure, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured. The pathological changes in heart and kidney were examined by HE, Masson and Sirius red staining. The expression of α-SMA, collagen I and TGF-β were detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of Nlrp3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NOXs were measured using qRT-PCR. Results Compared with the model group, HES administration significantly attenuated the occurrence of DOCA/Salt hypertension, improved renal function indicators of hypertensive rats, reduced renal and cardiac fibrosis, deduced the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and TGF-β, inhibited the expression of Nlrp3, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and decreased the expression of NOXs in renal and cardiac tissues. Conclusions HES can delay the occurrence of hypertension and protect against hypertension-induced renal and cardiac tissue damage, which may be related to the reduction of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress by HES.

Clinical comprehensive evaluation of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein （EC）， and to provide evidence for selecting skin detection methods for tuberculosis infection diagnosis and auxiliary diagnosis of tuberculosis. METHODS The effectiveness and safety of EC compared with purified protein derivative of tuberculin （TB-PPD） were analyzed by the method of systematic review. Cost minimization analysis， cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis were used to evaluate the short-term economy of EC compared with TB-PPD， and cost-utility analysis was used to evaluate the long-term economy. The evaluation dimensions of innovation， suitability and accessibility were determined by systematic review and improved Delphi expert consultation， and the comprehensive score of EC and TB-PPD in each dimension were calculated by the weight of each indicator. RESULTS The scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation and suitability of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. The affordability scores of the two drugs were consistent， while the availability score of EC was lower than those of TB-PPD. After considering dimensions and index weight， the scores of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability， accessibility and the comprehensive score of EC were all higher than those of TB-PPD. CONCLUSIONS Compared with TB-PPD， EC performs better in all dimensions of effectiveness， safety， economy， innovation， suitability and accessibility. However， it is worth noting that EC should further improve its availability in the dimension of accessibility.

Radiomics based on biparametric MRI for the detection of significant residual prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy: using whole-mount histopathology as reference standard / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We aimed to study radiomics approach based on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for determining significant residual cancer after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Ninety-two post-ADT prostate cancer patients underwent MRI before prostatectomy (62 with significant residual disease and 30 with complete response or minimum residual disease [CR/MRD]). Totally, 100 significant residual, 52 CR/MRD lesions, and 70 benign tissues were selected according to pathology. First, 381 radiomics features were extracted from T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Optimal features were selected using a support vector machine with a recursive feature elimination algorithm (SVM-RFE). Then, ADC values of significant residual, CR/MRD lesions, and benign tissues were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Logistic regression was used to construct models with SVM features to differentiate between each pair of tissues. Third, the efficiencies of ADC value and radiomics models for differentiating the three tissues were assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The ADC value (mean ± standard deviation [s.d.]) of significant residual lesions ([1.10 ± 0.02] × 10-3 mm2 s-1) was significantly lower than that of CR/MRD ([1.17 ± 0.02] × 10-3 mm2 s-1), which was significantly lower than that of benign tissues ([1.30 ± 0.02] × 10-3 mm2 s-1; both P < 0.05). The SVM feature models were comparable to ADC value in distinguishing CR/MRD from benign tissue (AUC: 0.766 vs 0.792) and distinguishing residual from benign tissue (AUC: 0.825 vs 0.835) (both P > 0.05), but superior to ADC value in differentiating significant residual from CR/MRD (AUC: 0.748 vs 0.558; P = 0.041). Radiomics approach with biparametric MRI could promote the detection of significant residual prostate cancer after ADT.

Study on the mechanism of diterpenoid DP from Euphorbia fischeriana against leukemia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore whether diterpenoid 12-deoxyphorbol-13-palmitate （DP） from Euphorbia fischeriana can exert anti-leukemia effects through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signal pathway， and to provide experimental evidence for developing it into a new anti-leukemia drug. METHODS Using LY294002 （PI3K specific inhibitor） as tool drug， the effects of 24 h DP treatment on the proliferation and apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia HL60 cells were detected by MTT method， Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI staining and AO-EB staining. ELISA method was used to detect lactic dehydrogenase （LDH） release and the activities of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 （caspase-3） and caspase-9. The transcriptional level of caspase-3， caspase-9， forkhead box O3a （FoxO3a） and B cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death （Bim） mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR）. The protein expression of phosphorylated FoxO3a （p- FoxO3a） and phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt） were detected by Western blot method. The nuclear translocation of FoxO3a protein was detected by immunostaining combined with laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS 10 μmol/L DP and 10 μmol/L DP+LY294002 could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HL60 cells （P＜0.01）. After treatment of 5， 10， 20 μmol/L DP， HL60 cells showed typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis； DP could significantly increase the levels of LDH release and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， in dose-dependent manner. After treatment of 10 μmol/L DP and 10 μmol/L DP+LY294002， the transcriptional levels of caspase-3， caspase-9 and Bim mRNA were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and transcriptional level of FoxO3a mRNA and protein expressions of p-FoxO3a and p-Akt were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Nuclear translocation changes were observed in FoxO3a protein in 10 μmol/L DP+LY294002 group， and the change was more significant than that of LY294002 group. CONCLUSIONS DP can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HL60 cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Combined fine-needle aspiration with core needle biopsy for assessing thyroid nodules: a more valuable diagnostic method?

Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of combined fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with core needle biopsy (CNB) in thyroid nodules. @*Methods@#FNA and CNB were performed simultaneously on 703 nodules. We compared the proportions of inconclusive results and the diagnostic performance for malignancy among FNA, CNB, and combined FNA/CNB for different nodule sizes. @*Results@#Combined FNA/CNB showed lower proportions of inconclusive results than CNB for all nodules (2.8% vs. 5.7%, P1.0 cm (2.0% vs. 5.0 %, P1.5 cm (2.1% vs. 3.9 %, P=0.016). The sensitivity of combined FNA/CNB in predicting malignancy was significantly higher than that of CNB (89.0% vs. 80.0%, P1.5 cm, the difference between combined FNA/CNB and CNB was not significant (84.2% vs. 78.9%, P=0.500). @*Conclusion@#Regardless of nodule size, combined FNA/CNB tended to yield lower proportions of inconclusive results than CNB or FNA alone and exhibited higher performance in diagnosing malignancy. The combined FNA/CNB technique may be a more valuable diagnostic method for nodules ≤1.5 cm and nodules with a risk of malignancy than CNB and FNA alone.

Inhibitory Effect of Kaempferol on Proliferation of KG1a Cells and Its Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of kaempferol on proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) KG1a cells and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Human AML KG1a cells in logarithmic growth stage were taken and set at 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml kaempferol group, another normal control group (complete medium without drug) and solvent control group (add dimethyl sulfoxide) were also set. After 24 and 48 hours of intervention, the cell proliferation rate was detected by CCK-8 assay. In addition, interleukin-6 (IL-6) combined with kaempferol group (Plus 20 μg/l IL-6 and 75 μg/ml kaempferol) was set up, 48 hours after culture, the cell cycle and apoptosis of KG1a cells were detected by flow cytometry, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of KG1a cells was detected by MMP detection kit (JC-1 method), and the expression of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway related proteins in KG1a cells were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The cell proliferation rate of 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml kaempferol group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and with the increase of kaempferol dose (r24 h=-0.990, r48 h= -0.999), the cell proliferation rate decreased gradually (P<0.05). The inhibitory effect of 75 μg/ml kaempferol on cell proliferation reached half of effective dose after 48 hours of intervention. Compared with normal control group, the G0/G1 phase cell proportion and apoptosis rate of cells in 25, 50 and 75 μg/ml kaempferol group increased, while the S phase cell proportion, MMP, phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2)/JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)/STAT3 protein expression decreased in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.998, 0.994, -0.996, -0.981, -0.997, -0.930). Compared with 75 μg/ml kaempferol group, the G0/G1 phase cell proportion and apoptosis rate of cells in IL-6 combined with kaempferol group decreased, while the S phase cell proportion, MMP, p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 protein expression increased significantly (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Kaempferol can inhibit KG1a cell proliferation and induce KG1a cell apoptosis, its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.

A case of duodenal ulcer as prominent manifestation of IgG4-related disease / 北京大学学报(医学版)

A case of IgG4-related disease presented with a duodenal ulcer to improve the understan-ding of IgG4-related diseases was reported. A 70-year-old male presented with cutaneous pruritus and abdominal pain for four years and blackened stools for two months. Four years ago, the patient went to hospital for cutaneous pruritus and abdominal pain. Serum IgG4 was 3.09 g/L (reference value 0-1.35 g/L), alanine aminotransferase 554 U/L (reference value 9-40 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase 288 U/L (reference value 5-40 U/L), total bilirubin 54.16 μmol/L (reference value 2-21 μmol/L), and direct bilirubin 29.64 μmol/L (reference value 1.7-8.1 μmol/L) were all elevated. The abdominal CT scan and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography indicated pancreatic swelling, common bile duct stenosis, and secondary obstructive dilation of the biliary system. The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-related disease and treated with prednisone at 40 mg daily. As jaundice and abdominal pain improved, prednisone was gradually reduced to medication discontinuation. Two months ago, the patient developed melena, whose blood routine test showed severe anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding was diagnosed. The patient came to the emergency department of Beijing Hospital with no improvement after treatment in other hospitals. Gastroscopy revealed a 1.5 cm firm duodenal bulb ulcer. After treatment with omeprazole, the fecal occult blood was still positive. The PET-CT examination was performed, and it revealed no abnormality in the metabolic activity of the duodenal wall, and no neoplastic lesions were found. IgG4-related disease was considered, and the patient was admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Beijing Hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. The patient had a right submandibular gland mass resection history and diabetes mellitus. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, the blood test was reevaluated. The serum IgG4 was elevated at 5.44 g/L (reference value 0.03-2.01 g/L). Enhanced CT of the abdomen showed that the pancreas was mild swelling and was abnormally strengthened, with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilation and soft tissue around the superior mesenteric vessels. We pathologically reevaluated and stained biopsy specimens of duodenal bulbs for IgG and IgG4. Immunohistochemical staining revealed remarkable infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into duodenal tissue, the number of IgG4-positive cells was 20-30 cells per high-powered field, and the ratio of IgG4/IgG-positive plasma cells was more than 40%. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at 40 mg daily dosage and cyclophosphamide, and then the duodenal ulcer was healed. IgG4 related disease is an immune-medicated rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. It is a systemic disease that affects nearly every anatomic site of the body, usually involving multiple organs and diverse clinical manifestations. The digestive system manifestations of IgG4-related disease are mostly acute pancreatitis and cholangitis and rarely manifest as gastrointestinal ulcers. This case confirms that IgG4-related disease can present as a duodenal ulcer and is one of the rare causes of duodenal ulcers.

Development of the index system of the quality evaluation standard for pharmacist training in cough and wheeze pharmaceutical care outpatient department / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the index system of quality evaluation standard for pharmacist training in cough and wheeze pharmaceutical care （CWPC） outpatient department， and to provide a basis for the selection of CWPC pharmacist training teachers and the improvement of training plans. METHODS Based on Kirkpatrick model， using the Delphi method， a total of 15 experts from 13 tertiary hospitals in 10 provinces in China were consulted to establish the standard index system of the quality evaluation for CWPC pharmacists training. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was adopted to determine the weights of each indicator and quantify the index system according to the weights of indicators at all levels. RESULTS The coefficient of expert authority was 0.810， the judgment coefficient was 0.727， and the familiarity coefficient was 0.893. The Kendall coordination coefficient of each index was 0.308-0.687. The P values of χ2 test were all less than 0.05， which indicated that the degree of coordination of the experts was high. After two rounds of correspondence， Kirkpatrick model-based index system of quality evaluation standard for CWPC pharmacist training was determined. The index system included 4 first-level indexes （participants’ reaction layer， learning gain layer， behavior improvement layer， training outcome layer）， 12 second-level indexes （such as training needs， teaching methods， theoretical knowledge， practical skills， job abilities， patient benefits， etc.） and 44 third-level indexes （such as clear training objectives， core system of CWPC， special device operation and evaluation， professional knowledge related to the treatment of cough and wheeze patients， promoting the construction of CWPC， improving patient compliance）. CONCLUSIONS The constructed index system of quality evaluation standard for CWPC pharmacist training has a certain level of authority and scientificity， and provides a scientific theoretical basis for quality evaluation of CWPC pharmacist training.

Relationship between miR-27a and SIRT1 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between microRNA-27a (miR-27a) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods:Fifty clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 220-280 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=10 each) by the random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), myocardial I/R group (I/R group), AAV9-miR-27a overexpression + myocardial I/R group (AAV+ I/R group), miR-27a antagomir + myocardial I/R group (AG+ I/R group) and AAV9-miR-27a negative control+ myocardial I/R group (NC+ I/R group). The myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At day 14 before ischemia, AAV9-miRNA-27a adeno-associated virus 2×10 11 v. g was injected via the tail vein in AAV+ I/R group, and AAV9-miR-27a NC 2×10 11 v. g was injected via the tail vein in NC+ I/R group. miR-27a antagomir 10 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein once a day at 3 days before ischemia in AG+ I/R group. At the end of 120 min of reperfusion, serum cardiac troponin T(cTnT), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations and contents of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume by TTC staining, the expression of miR-27a in myocardial tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of SIRT1 in myocardial tissues by Western blot. Results:Compared with Sham group, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were decreased, MDA contents were increased, miR-27a expression was up-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was down-regulated in I/R group ( P<0.05). Compared with I/R group, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly increased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were decreased, MDA contents were increased, miR-27a expression was up-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was down-regulated in AAV+ I/R, and the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were increased, MDA contents were decreased, miR-27a expression was down-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was up-regulated in AG+ I/R group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in NC+ I/R group ( P>0.05). Compared with AAV+ I/R group, the percentage of myocardial infarct volume and serum concentrations of cTnT, CK-MB and LDH were significantly decreased, the contents of GSH and SOD in myocardial tissues were increased, MDA contents were decreased, miR-27a expression was down-regulated, and SIRT1 expression was up-regulated in AG+ I/R group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:miR-27a is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism underlying myocardial I/R injury probably through inhibition of SIRT1 expression in rats.

Adenosine stress myocardial contrast echocardiography evaluates myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To detect the abnormal changes of myocardial blood perfusion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) combined with adenosine stress test.Methods:Fifteen adult patients with HCM who were treated in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from May 2021 to March 2022 were prospectively selected as the HCM group, and eighteen healthy volunteers matched by gender, age and body surface area during the same period were chosen as the control group. All subjects underwent routine echocardiography, rest and adenosine stress MCE. The MCE images were analyzed by QLab software to obtain the myocardial perfusion parameters: peak signal intensity (A value), rising slope of the curve (β value) and A×β value, and the differences of above parameters between the two groups were compared.According to whether the end-diastolic wall thickness ≥12 mm, the myocardial segments in the HCM group were divided into hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments. The differences in myocardial perfusion parameters were compared among control group segments, hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments of the HCM group. The correlations of stress myocardial blood flow with maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left atrial volume index (LAVI) in the HCM group were analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, the A value, β value and A×β value of whole myocardium, hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group were significantly decreased in the rest and adenosine stress state, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the stress state, the A value, β value and A×β value of the hypertrophic segments were significantly lower than those in the non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group, and the detection rate of abnormal perfusion segments in the HCM group was significantly higher than that in the rest state(all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the myocardial blood flow reserve of whole myocardium, hypertrophic segments and non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The stress myocardial blood flow in the HCM group was negatively correlated with MLVWT, LVMI and LAVI ( r=-0.815, -0.805, -0.742; all P<0.05). Conclusions:Myocardial blood perfusion abnormalities can occur in both hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic myocardial segments in patients with HCM, and adenosine stress MCE can significantly improve the sensitivity of detecting myocardial perfusion abnormalities. The stress myocardial blood flow in patients with HCM is negatively correlated with MLVWT, LVMI and LAVI.

Dimeric phthalides from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head / 药学学报

Ten dimeric phthalide racemates (1-10) were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head (Guitou) by separation techniques of column chromatography over macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, together with preparative thin-layer chromatography and reversed phase HPLC. The racemates were further separated into (+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-10 with chiral HPLC. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, combined with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and NMR calculations as well as single crystal X-ray diffractions. Compounds (+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-10 are either new structure or new natural product, named (+)-/(-)-angelidipthalidic acids A-H [(+)-/(-)-1-(+)-/(-)-8] and (+)-/(-)-angelidipthalidols A and B [(+)-/(-)-9 and (+)-/(-)-10], respectively. Meanwhile, dimeric phthalide mono- and bis-lactone derivatives with 3.3′a,8.6′- and 3.6′,8.3′a-coupling patterns as well as determination of their relative configurations are discussed.