ABSTRACT
Hypopharyngeal cancer is a common malignant tumor of otorhinolaryngology,which is considered to be one of the head and neck tumor with poor prognosis.Hypopharyngeal cancer is insidious in its onset and progresses rapidly,leading to significant delay in diagnosis; Most patients are in late stage at diagnosis. Surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy is the main treatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Biological treatment has drawn more and more attentions. In this paper,we summarize the progress in the treatment of locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.
Subject(s)
Chemoradiotherapy , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
50 retinoblastoma paraffin blocks were studied immunohistochemically (NSE, GFAP) and histochemically (colloidal-iron, RNA), and 13 cases by EM. The Rb cells demonstrated varying degrees of positive or negative reaction to NSE, most F-W and H-W rosettes being positive and the fleuretes weakly positive or negative. The GFAP positive cells were mainly found in the periphery of the tumor mass and around the blood vessels, and sparsely among the NSE positive cells. Fleuretes were clearly shown by RNA-Brachet staining. F-W rosettes and fleuretes showed similar ultrastructures as the photoreceptor of normal retina. The results confirmed that retinoblastoma originates from the retinoblast with potential of differentiation into photoreceptors and neurons. The glial components pertained to reactive gliosis, however, the rare possibility of forming a small portion of the tumor could not be ruled out.
