ABSTRACT
Objective: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can have a negative impact on women's psychological, emotional and social functioning. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between CSA and depressive symptoms in female college students, as well as the mediating roles of negative core schema and experiential avoidance. Methods: 515 female college students responded to the Sexual Abuse subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Brief Core Schema Scales, and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II. The structural equation modeling was used for the mediation analysis. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between CSA and depressive symptoms in female college students. The theoretical model was well fitted, χ2/df = 3.422, RMSEA = 0.069, CFI = 0.929, TLI = 0.919. The negative core schema played a mediating role between CSA and depressive symptoms. Experiential avoidance played a mediating role between CSA and depressive symptoms. The negative core schema and experiential avoidance played a serial mediating role between CSA and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These results deepen our understanding of the relationship between CSA and depressive symptoms in female college students, and provide theoretical guidance for the prevention of depression in female college students. Attention should be paid to female college students who have experienced CSA, to eliminate the adverse influence of negative core schema on these students. Meanwhile, we should teach female college students to accept themselves as they are, and thereby reduce their use of experiential avoidance strategies.
ABSTRACT
During the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, casing eccentricity directly affects the mechanical integrity of cement sheaths, but the law and degree of influence are not clear at present, and there are no measures to address the influence of casing eccentricity on the mechanical integrity of cement sheaths. This paper took the lead in developing a set of experimental devices for cement sheath integrity. A comparative experimental study on the mechanical integrity of cement sheaths was carried out for the first time under casing concentric and eccentric conditions, and the influence of casing eccentricity on the mechanical integrity of cement sheaths in fractured wells of the Wushi 17-2 oilfield was also investigated. The numerical simulation method was used to perform stress analysis on cement sheaths of fractured wells under casing concentric and eccentric conditions. The influences of casing wall thickness, cement sheath thickness, the elastic modulus of cement sheath, and formation on radial stress of the cement sheath were analyzed, and the mechanical integrity safeguard or remedy measures of the cement sheath under the casing eccentric condition were proposed for the first time. The results show that casing eccentricity can easily lead to stress concentration at the narrow edge of the cement sheath. Under the condition of the same strength of the cement sheath, the integrity of the cement sheath is more likely to fail under the casing eccentric condition. The tensile failure cracks are concentrated at the narrow edge of the cement sheath. With the increase in casing eccentricity, the stress at the narrow edge of the cement sheath increased, the critical failure pressure of the cement sheath decreased, and the failure pressure of cement sheath integrity decreased by 17.72% at a casing eccentricity of 33% compared within a casing eccentricity of 0%. Improving the casing center degree, increasing the casing wall thickness and cement sheath thickness, and reducing the elastic modulus of the cement sheath can minimize the stress of the cement sheath and prevent mechanical integrity failure. This study is helpful to evaluate the mechanical integrity of the cement sheath in fractured wells accurately and can provide a technical reference for optimizing the casing center degree.
