[Calcium Dibutyryl Adenosine Cyclophosphate Enhances the Effect of Metoprolol in Treating Older Adults With Heart Failure Combined With Arrhythmia]. / äºŒä¸é °çŽ¯ç£·è ºè‹·é’™å¯å¢žå¼ºç¾Žæ‰˜æ´›å°”å¯¹è€å¹´å¿ƒåŠ›è¡°ç«­åˆå¹¶å¿ƒå¾‹å¤±å¸¸æ‚£è€ çš„æ²»ç–—æ•ˆæžœ.

Objective: To explore the effect and safety of calcium dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate (dbcAMP-Ca) combined with metoprolol in the treatment of older adults with heart failure combined with arrhythmia. Methods: A total of 102 elderly patients with heart failure combined with arrhythmia were enrolled in our hospital between February 2021 and April 2023. The list of patients enrolled was entered into a random database by independent staffs not involved in the study and random assignment sequences were generated by the SAS9.4 software. Then, the 102 elderly patients were divided into a control group ( n=51) and an experimental group ( n=51). Patients in the control group were given metoprolol at an initial dose of 6.25 mg/d, which was gradually increased to the target dose of 25 mg/d. Patients in the experimental group were given 40 mg of dbcAMP-Ca once a day via intravenous drip in addition to the treatment given to the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The rate of effective response to clinical treatment (the number of cases achieving significant effects and those achieving some effects divided by the total number of cases in the group) was defined as the main outcome index. Secondary indexes included cardiac function, heart rate variability, exercise ability, hemorheology, myocardial injury indexes, inflammatory indexes, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results: The rate of effective response to clinical treatment was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (94.12% [48/51] vs. 78.43% [40/51], P<0.05). After treatment, the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions (LVEDD and LVESD) and the interventricular septal thickness (IVS) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group, while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the stroke volume (SV) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of heart rate variability after treatment, the standard deviation of all the normal-to-normal intervals/the average of all the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN/SDANN), the percentage of NN50 in the total number of normal-to-normal intervals (PNN50%), and the root mean square of the differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals/root mean square differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of exercise capacity after treatment, the subjects in the experimental group covered more distance in the 6-min walk test than those in the control group did ( P<0.05). In terms of the hemorheology indexes after treatment, the levels of platelet aggregation rate (PAgT), fibrinogen (FIB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and whole blood viscosity (ηb) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of the myocardial injury indexes after treatment, the levels of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group, while the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of the inflammatory indexes after treatment, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (9.80%) and that in the control group (7.84%) were comparable ( P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of dbcAMP-Ca in addition to metoprolol can effectively improve cardiac function, heart rate variability, and exercise tolerance, while inhibiting inflammatory response in elderly patients with heart failure combined with arrhythmia, with high medication safety. The combination medication shows better safety and therapeutic effects than those of metoprolol used alone.

Zinc-Air Battery-Assisted Self-Powered PEC Sensors for Sensitive Assay of PTP1B Activity Based on Perovskite Quantum Dots Encapsulated in Vinyl-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks.

The self-powered sensors have attracted widespread attention in the analysis field due to a huge demand of point-of-care testing (POCT) in the early diagnosis of diseases. However, the output voltage of the reported self-powered sensors is always small, resulting in a narrow linear detection range and low assay sensitivity. Herein, a self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor with zinc-air batteries as a power source was developed for activity assay of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) based on perovskite quantum dots encapsulated in the vinyl-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF-V). CsPbBr3 nanocrystals were stabilized by the confinement effect of the COF-V cage without aggregation, and the resulting CsPbBr3@COF-V composite was used as the cathodic photoelectric material to construct the zinc-air battery with a large open-circuit voltage (OCV, 1.556 V). Before PTP1B activity assay, an auxiliary peptide-polyamidoamine-phosphopeptide (P2-PAMAM-P1) hybrid was introduced into the photocathode via thiol-ene click reaction between the thiol group on the P1 and the vinyl group on the COF-V. The steric hindrance effect of the P1-PAMAM-P2 hybrid inhibited the PEC performance of the photocathode, resulting in a small OCV of the zinc-air battery. When the PTP1B existed, PTP1B-catalyzed dephosphorylation of tyrosine on P1 facilitated the cleavage process of P1 by chymotrypsin, leading to the removal of the P2-PAMAM-P1 hybrid from the photocathode and consequently the enhancement of the OCV. Therefore, the activity of PTP1B was sensitively detected. The developed self-powered PEC sensor showed superior performance for PTP1B activity assay (broad linear response range, 0.1 pM to 10 nM and low detection limit, 0.032 pM) due to the large output voltage of the constructed zinc-air battery and has great potential in POCT of protein phosphatase-related diseases and the discovery of protein phosphatase-targeted drugs.

Amplified detection signal at a photoelectrochemical aptasensor with a poly(diphenylbutadiene)-BiOBr heterojunction and Au-modified CeO2 octahedrons.

A major aspect of this work is the synergistic application of a poly(diphenylbutadiene)-BiOBr composite and a gold nanoparticle-linked CeO2 octahedron to develop a photoelectrochemical aptasensor with an easily measurable detection signal change. Specifically, poly(diphenylbutadiene) nanofiber-immobilised BiOBr flower-like microspheres were developed as a hybrid material with a heterojunction that facilitates high visible light absorption and efficient photo-generated charge separation, which are essential features for sensitive photoelectrochemical sensors. The model analyte acetamiprid was attached via its specific aptamer on the aptasensor. Separately, a gold nanoparticle-linked CeO2 octahedron was strategically used to significantly diminish the photocurrent by impeding electron transfer at the aptasensor surface. After acetamiprid binding, the CeO2 octahedrons were displaced from the aptasensor. This caused a weakened quenching effect and restored the photocurrent to accomplish an "on-off-on" detection mechanism. This photoelectrochemical aptasensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.05 pM over a linear range of 0.1 pM-10 µM acetamiprid. The use of an aptamer has provided good specificity to acetamiprid and anti-interference. In addition, an ∼5.8% relative standard deviation was estimated as the reproducibility of the photoelectrochemical aptasensor. Furthermore, nearly 90% of the initial photocurrent was still measurable after storing these aptasensors at room temperature for 4 weeks, demonstrating their stability.

Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical aptasensor for diclofenac sodium based on surface-modified TiO2-FeVO4 composite.

Herein, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensing platform was designed by integrating surface oxygen vacancy (OV) defects, Ti3+ self-doping, the heterojunction, and resonance energy transfer (RET) effect into one platform for the detection of diclofenac sodium (DCF). Briefly, OV defects were introduced on TiO2 nanospheres with simultaneous Ti3+ self-doping, followed by a well-separated deposition of FeVO4 nanoparticles on TiO2 to obtain a Ti3+-O-TiO2/FeVO4 heterojunction. The surface modification of OVs, Ti3+ doping, and deposition of FeVO4 were confirmed by SEM, XPS, EPR, DRS, and PEC measurements. The surface OVs and doping of Ti3+ species created a new donor (defect) energy level under the conduction band of TiO2, which minimized the bandgap and thereby improved the visible light absorption of TiO2. Moreover, the capture of photo-excited electrons by surface OVs could hinder the electron-hole recombination. Due to the intimate surface contact and perfect energy matching between TiO2 and FeVO4, the formation of heterojunction decreased the bandgap and facilitated the electron-hole separation of TiO2. All these above events contributed to the enhancement of the PEC signals, which were then quenched by the RET effect between Ti3+-O-TiO2/FeVO4 and Au nanoparticle (AuNP)-labeled cDNA that had been attached to its complementary DCF aptamer on Ti3+-O-TiO2/FeVO4|ITO. The addition of target-DCF detached AuNP-labeled cDNA from the electrode to recover the photocurrent, resulting in a "signal-on" PEC aptasensor that exhibited a 0.1-500-nM linear range and a detection limit of 0.069 nM for DCF, attributed to the excellent amplification of the proposed aptasensing platform.

Oxygen vacancies enhanced photoelectrochemical aptasensing of 2, 3', 5, 5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl amplified with Ag3VO4 nanoparticle-TiO2 nanotube array heterostructure.

This work proposed an enhancing mechanism of both oxygen vacancies (OVs) and the heterostructure for amplifying the photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensing signal. The OVs were formed by in situ electrochemical reduction of TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs), and well-separated Ag3VO4 nanoparticles (NPs) were then deposited on the TNTAs. The band gaps and positions of these nanomaterials were evaluated by Tauc equation and Mott-Schottky plots to verify the formation of the heterojunction. The OVs and heterojunction greatly enhanced the visible light absorption and improved the charge separation of TNTAs. The amplified PEC signal could be quenched by the resonance energy transfer between Ag3VO4 NPs and gold nanorods (Au NRs), which were labeled on the complementary DNA (cDNA) to the aptamer immobilized on the heterojunction. Upon the recognition of the aptamer to target analyte, the Au NR-cDNA was detached from the sensor, leading to a "signal-on" aptasensing strategy. Under optimal conditions, the PEC aptasensor displayed a detection limit of 0.015 pg mL-1 and a linear range from 0.02 to 300 ng mL-1 for 2,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl.

Synthesis of a PEDOT-TiO2 heterostructure as a dual biosensing platform operating via photoelectrochemical and electrochemical transduction mode.

A new organic-inorganic heterostructure was prepared by the hydrothermal deposition of poly (3,4-dioxoethylthiophene) (PEDOT) on TiO2 nanowire arrays (TiONWs) to construct a biosensor that can simultaneously function as photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical (EC) sensor to detect lactate. In both cases, the PEDOT-TiONWs heterostructure not only acted as an immobilization platform for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and coenzyme NAD+, but also generated current signals, which were further amplified by the cyclic catalytic mechanism. Specifically, LDH catalytically converted lactate to pyruvate, meanwhile NAD+ was transformed to NADH. For PEC sensing, the photo-generated holes from PEDOT-TiONWs could oxidize NADH back to NAD+, fulfilling a catalytic cycle. Herein, PEDOT significantly promoted the separation of electron-hole pairs and enhanced PEC signals due to its well-matched energy levels with TiONWs, high conductivity and strong visible light absorption. A dynamic range of 0.5-300 µM was observed between the PEC signals and lactate concentration, based on which a sensitivity of 0.1386 ± 0.0053 µA µM-1 and a detection limit of 0.08 ± 0.0032 µM were estimated. For EC sensing, PEDOT-TiONWs could directly oxidize NADH to NAD+ at ~0.54 V to realize the cyclic amplification due to the high conductivity and strong electrocatalytic capability of the heterostructure. The EC biosensor displayed a similar performance upon PEC mode of operation, except the relatively poor selectivity due to the possible oxidation of the interferences at the potentials > 0.54 V.

Amplified oxygen reduction signal at a Pt-Sn-modified TiO2 nanocomposite on an electrochemical aptasensor.

In this work, a metallic composite with strong electrocatalytic property was designed by uniformly decorating Pt and Sn nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 nanorods (Pt-Sn@TiO2). A detection scheme was then developed based on a dual signal amplification strategy involving the Pt-Sn@TiO2 composite and exonuclease assisted target recycling. The Pt-Sn@TiO2 composite exhibited an enhanced oxygen reduction current owing to the synergistic effect between Pt and Sn, as well as high exposure of Pt (111) crystal face. Initially, a Pt-Sn@TiO2 modified glassy carbon electrode produced an amplified electrochemical signal for the reduction of dissolved oxygen in the analyte solution. Next, a DNA with a complementary sequence to a streptomycin aptamer (cDNA) was immobilised on the Pt-Sn@TiO2 modified electrode, followed by the streptomycin aptamer that hybridised with cDNA. The corresponding oxygen reduction current was diminished by 51% attributable to the hindrance from the biomolecules. After a mixture of streptomycin and RecJf exonuclease was introduced, both the streptomycin-aptamer complex and the cDNA were cleaved from the electrode, making the Pt-Sn and Pt (111) surface available for oxygen reduction. RecJf would also release streptomycin from the streptomycin-aptamer complex, allowing it to complex again with aptamers on the electrode. This has then promoted a cyclic amplification of the oxygen reduction current by 85%, which is quantitatively related to streptomycin. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a linear range of 0.05-1500 nM and a limit of detection of 0.02±0.0045 nM streptomycin. The sensor was then used in the real-life sample detection of streptomycin to demonstrate its potential applications to bioanalysis.

A visible light photoelectrochemical sandwich aptasensor for adenosine triphosphate based on MgIn2S4-TiO2 nanoarray heterojunction.

This work designed a MgIn2S4-TiONA heterojunction by growing MgIn2S4 nanoplates on TiO2 nanowire array (TiONA) for preparation of visible light photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform. The heterojunction exhibited strong absorption of visible light, large surface area and high loading of biomolecules, leading to high sensing sensitivity. Using adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a marker of cell vitality, as the target model, a PEC sandwich aptasensor was constructed by immobilizing capture DNA1 on MgIn2S4 surface. In the presence of ATP and signal DNA2 with terminal ferrocene as the electron donor, a sandwiched DNA1-ATP-DNA2 complex could be formed on the PEC aptasensor. The aptasensor showed excellent performance with a wide linear range from 50 fM to 100 nM and a detection limit of 20 fM. The sensing performance including specificity, reproducibility, stability and practical use were also evaluated, showing promising application of the MgIn2S4-TiONA heterojunction in PEC biosensing.

A photoelectrochemical aptasensor for aflatoxin B1 detection based on an energy transfer strategy between Ce-TiO2@MoSe2 and Au nanoparticles.

In this work, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was developed for the sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) based on a resonance energy transfer strategy between the Ce-TiO2@MoSe2 heterostructure and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The Ce-TiO2@MoSe2 composite was obtained by growing MoSe2 nanosheets on a TiO2 nanocube doped by the Ce element with a facile hydrothermal method. The composite effectively extended the absorption of TiO2 to the visible region and avoided the self-aggregation of MoSe2 nanosheets, leading to the excellent photocurrent response under visible light excitation. The PEC aptasensor was then fabricated by immobilizing the Ce-TiO2@MoSe2 composite on an ITO electrode, followed by the modification of the aminated AFB1 aptamer. An AuNP-labeled DNA sequence was subsequently hybridized with the aptamer to fabricate a sandwich structure, which was destroyed after the introduction of AFB1, decreasing the amount of the energy acceptor (AuNPs) at the electrode surface. Accordingly, the photocurrent was increased with the increase of AFB1 concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the PEC aptasensor showed a wide linear range of 0.03-200 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit of 0.01 ng mL-1 for AFB1 determination.