ABSTRACT
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite intense efforts to elucidate its pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms and genetic characteristics of this cancer remain unknown. In this study, three expression profile data sets (GSE15641, GSE16441 and GSE66270) were integrated to identify candidate genes that could elucidate functional pathways in ccRCC. Expression data from 63 ccRCC tumors and 54 normal samples were pooled and analyzed. The GSE profiles shared 379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 249 upregulated genes, and 130 downregulated genes. A protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape. Functional and signaling pathways of the shared DEGs with significant p values were identified. Kaplan-Meier plots of integrated expression scores were used to analyze survival outcomes. These suggested that FN1, ICAM1, CXCR4, TYROBP, EGF, CAV1, CCND1 and PECAM1/CD31 were independent prognostic factors in ccRCC. Finally, to investigate early events in renal cancer, we screened for the hub genes CCND1 and PECAM1/CD31. In summary, integrated bioinformatics analysis identified candidate DEGs and pathways in ccRCC that could improve our understanding of the causes and underlying molecular events of ccRCC. These candidate genes and pathways could be therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics , Cyclin D1/genetics , Kidney Neoplasms/genetics , Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Disease Progression , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Although microRNA-301a (miR-301a) has been reported to function as an oncogene in many human cancers, there are limited data regarding miR-301a and breast tumours. In this study, we first detected the expression of miR-301a using an in situ hybridization (ISH) -based classification system in 380 samples of BC tissue, including both non-TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) and TNBC specimens. Our results suggest that analysing miR-301a expression in breast tissue biopsy specimens at the time of diagnosis could have the potential to identify patients who might be candidates for active surveillance. We validated our results that higher expression of miR-301a is associated with a decreased OS in independent public breast cancer databases, such as TCGA and METABRIC, using the online webtool Kaplan-Meier Plotter, which provided additional powerful evidence to confirm the prognostic value of miR-301a. MiR-301a may serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer. According to our results, miR-301a should be considered, and novel therapeutic options are needed to target this aggressive miR-301a-positive type of breast cancer to reduce recurrence and the mortality rate.
Subject(s)
MicroRNAs/genetics , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biopsy , Breast/pathology , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Humans , In Situ Hybridization , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , MicroRNAs/biosynthesis , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics , Prognosis , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
In the presence of a catalytic amount of (Ph3P)AuNO3 and phthalimide, the addition of toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid to alkynes has been shown to proceed and gives vinyl tosylates and vinyl mesylates in good yields and regioselectivity.