ABSTRACT
Pyroptosis has been proved to significantly influence the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). To better predict overall survival (OS) and provide guidance on the selection of therapy for LUSC patients, we constructed a novel prognostic biomarker based on pyroptosis-related genes. The dataset for model construction were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the validation dataset were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differential expression genes between different pyroptosis expression patterns were identified. These genes were then used to construct pyroptosis expression pattern score (PEPScore) through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Afterward, the differences in molecule and immune characteristics and the effect of different therapies were explored between the subgroups divided by the model. The PEPScore was constructed based on six pyroptosis-related genes (CSF2, FGA, AKAP12, CYP2C18, IRS4, TSLP). Compared with the high-PEPScore subgroup, the low-PEPScore subgroup had significantly better OS, higher TP53 and TTN mutation rate, higher infiltration of T follicular helper cells and CD8 T cells, and may benefit more from chemotherapeutic drugs, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. PEPScore is a prospective prognostic model to differentiate prognosis, molecular and immune microenvironmental features, as well as provide significant guidance for selecting clinical therapies.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a new method for the extraction and separation of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa rhizome by cloud-point preconcentration using microemulsions as solvent. METHODS: The spectrophotometry was used to detect the solubility of curcumin in different oil phase, emulsifier and auxiliary emulsifier, and the microemulsion prescription was used for false three-phase figure optimization. The extraction process was optimized by uniform experiment design. The curcuminoids were separated from microemulsion extract by cloud-point preconcentration. RESULTS: Oil phase was oleic acid ethyl ester; Emulsifier was OP emulsifier; Auxiliary emulsifier was polyethylene glycol(peg) 400; The quantity of emulsifier to auxiliary emulsifier was the ratio of 5: 1; Microemulsion prescription was water-oleic acid ethyl ester-mixed emulsifier (0.45:0.1:0.45). The optimum extraction process was: time for 12.5 min, temperature of 52 degrees C, power of 360 W, frequency of 400 kHz, and the liquid-solid ratio of 40:1. The extraction rate of curcuminoids was 92.17% and 86.85% in microemulsion and oil phase, respectively. CONCLUSION: Curcuminoids is soluble in this microemulsion prescription with good extraction rate. This method is simple and suitable for curcuminoids extraction from Curcuma longa rhizome.
