ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of the oestrogen receptor (ER) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods ER expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining of tumour tissue and adjacent normal lung tissue from 67 NSCLC patients. The relationships between ER expression and clinicopathological features were analysed. Results A higher percentage of NSCLC tissues (28/67, 41.79%) than adjacent normal lung tissues (10/55, 18.18%) were ER positive. ER expression correlated with tumour differentiation but not with gender, age, tumour histological type, tumour size, lymph node metastasis, or clinical TNM staging. The median survival times of patients with ER-positive ( n = 28) and -negative ( n = 39) tumours were 36 and 27 months, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were higher for patients with ER-positive tumours than for patients with ER-negative tumours. Conclusion ER expression could be a useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prospective Studies , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
We report the existence and stability of gap solitons in parity-time (PT) complex periodic optical lattices with the real part of superlattices. These solitons can stably exist in the semi-infinite gap. We have studied the effects of different relative strengths of the superlattices and different amplitudes of the imaginary part on soliton propagation. It was found that the relative strength of the superlattices and the amplitude of the imaginary part significantly affect the PT symmetry and the stability of solitons in the PT complex periodic optical lattices.
ABSTRACT
We report the existence and stability of solitons in kagome optical lattices with a defect in photorefractive crystal under focusing saturable nonlinearity. For different types of defects, solitons will exist in different gaps. For a positive defect, the solitons only exist in the semi-infinite gap and only stably exist in the low power region. For a negative defect, the solitons exist both in the semi-infinite gap and the first gap. With an increasing of the negative defect depth, the stable region in the semi-infinite will be narrowed, while solitons will be firstly unstable in the high power region of the first gap, and finally solitons will be not stable in the whole first gap.
