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1.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 4737, 2024 Jun 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38834556

ABSTRACT

Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is a concerning chemical that is included in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Stockholm Convention. Knowledge of the sources of HCBD is insufficient and is pivotal for accurate inventory and implementing global action. In this study, unintentional HCBD release and source emission factors of 121 full-scale industrial plants from 12 industries are investigated. Secondary copper smelting, electric arc furnace steelmaking, and hazardous waste incineration show potential for large emission reductions, which are found of high HCBD emission concentrations of > 20 ng/g in fine particulate matter in this study. The highest HCBD emission concentration is observed for the secondary copper smelting industry (average: 1380 ng/g). Source emission factors of HCBD for the 12 industries range from 0.008 kg/t for coal fire power plants to 0.680 kg/t for secondary lead smelting, from which an estimation of approximately 8452.8 g HCBD emissions annually worldwide achieved. The carcinogenic risks caused by HCBD emissions from countries and regions with intensive 12 industrial sources are 1.0-80 times higher than that without these industries. These results will be useful for formulating effective strategies of HCBD control.

2.
Chemosphere ; 358: 142225, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38705415

ABSTRACT

Short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) have garnered significant attention because they have persistence and potential toxicity, and can undergo long-distance transport. Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) inhaled in the size-fractionated particulate phase and gas phase can carry different risks to human health due to their ability to accumulate in different regions of the respiratory tract and exhibit varying deposition efficiencies. In our study, large-volume ambient air samples in both the size-fractionated particulate phase (Dp < 1.0 µm, 1.0-2.5 µm, 2.5-10 µm, and Dp ≥ 10 µm) and gas phase were collected simultaneously in Beijing using an active sampler. The overall levels of SCCPs and MCCPs were relatively high, the ranges being 57-881 and 30-385 ng/m3, respectively. SCCPs tended to be partitioned in the gas phase (on average 75% of the ΣSCCP concentration), while MCCPs tended to be partitioned in the particulate phase (on average 62% of the ΣMCCP concentration). Significant correlations were discovered between the logarithm-transformed gas-particle partition coefficients (KP) and predicted subcooled vapor pressures (PL0) (p < 0.01 for SCCPs and MCCPs) and between the logarithm-transformed KP values and octanol-air partition coefficients (KOA) (p < 0.01 for SCCPs and MCCPs). Thus, the slopes indicated that organic matter absorption was the dominant process involved in gas-particle partitioning. We used the ICRP model to calculate deposition concentrations for particulate-associated CPs in head airways region (15.6-71.4 ng/m³), tracheobronchial region (0.8-4.8 ng/m³), and alveolar region (5.1-21.9 ng/m³), then combined these concentrations with the CP concentrations in the gas phase to calculate estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for inhalation. The EDIs for SCCPs and MCCPs through inhalation of ambient air for the all-ages group were 67.5-184.2 ng/kg/day and 19.7-53.7 ng/kg/day, respectively. The results indicated that SCCPs and MCCPs in ambient air do not currently pose strong risks to human health in the study area.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Environmental Monitoring , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Paraffin , Particle Size , Particulate Matter , Paraffin/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Humans , Particulate Matter/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Risk Assessment , Inhalation Exposure/analysis , Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Beijing , Halogenation , Gases/analysis
3.
Chemosphere ; 360: 142398, 2024 May 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38789053

ABSTRACT

Both thermal and environmental processes are significant factors influencing the existing characteristics, e.g., congener distributions, and existing levels, of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the environment. Soil plays an important role in the life cycle of PCNs, but degradation of PCNs in soils has never been reported. In this study, we collected surface soil samples from 13 cities in the Yangtze River Delta, which is one of the most crowded areas of China and analyzed the samples for 75 PCNs. The long-range transportation from polluted areas was the major source for PCNs in remote areas, but the PCN profiles in remote areas reported in our previous studies were different from those in human settlement in this study, indicating there is a transformation of PCNs after emissions from anthropogenic activities. Two experiments were then designed to reveal the degradation mechanisms, including influencing factors, products, and pathways, of PCNs in surface soils. Based on the experiments, we found that the major factor driving the losses of PCNs in surface soils was volatilization, followed by photo irradiation and microbial metabolism. Under photo-irradiation, the PCN structures would be destroyed through a process of dechlorination followed by oxidation. In addition, the dechlorination pathways of PCNs have been established and found to be significantly influenced by the structure-related parameters.

4.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(14): 6077-6082, 2024 Apr 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38556743

ABSTRACT

The Paris Agreement and the Minamata Convention on Mercury are two of the most important environmental conventions being implemented concurrently, with a focus on reducing carbon and mercury emissions, respectively. The relation between mercury and carbon influences the interactions and outcomes of these two conventions. This perspective investigates the link between mercury and CO2, assessing the consequences and exploring the policy implications of this link. We present scientific evidence showing that mercury and CO2 levels are negatively correlated under natural conditions. As a result of this negative correlation, the CO2 level under the current mercury reduction scenario is predicted to be 2.4-10.1 ppm higher than the no action scenario by 2050, equivalent to 1.0-4.8 years of CO2 increase due to human activity. The underlying causations of this negative correlation are complex and need further research. Economic analysis indicates that there is a trade-off between the benefits and costs of mercury reduction actions. As reducing mercury emission may inadvertently undermine efforts to achieve climate goals, we advocate for devising a coordinated implementation strategy for carbon and mercury conventions to maximize synergies and reduce trade-offs.


Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide , Mercury , Humans , Mercury/analysis , Policy , Climate
5.
J Bone Miner Res ; 2024 Apr 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38624186

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relationship between socio-economic status and bone-related diseases is attracting increasing attention. Therefore, a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed in this study. METHODS: Genetic data on factors associated with socio-economic status (average total household income before tax, years of schooling completed and Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment), femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD), heel bone mineral density (eBMD), osteoporosis, and five different sites of fracture (spine, femur, lower leg-ankle, foot, and wrist-hand fractures) were derived from genome-wide association summary statistics of European ancestry. The inverse variance weighted method was employed to obtain the causal estimates, complemented by alternative MR techniques, including MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). Furthermore, sensitivity analyses, and multivariable MR was performed to enhance the robustness of our findings. RESULTS: A higher educational attainment was associated with an increased level of eBMD (beta:0.06, 95% CI:0.01-0.10, P = 7.24 × 10-3), and decreased risk of osteoporosis (OR:0.78, 95% CI:0.65-0.94, P = 8.49 × 10-3), spine fracture (OR:0.76, 95% CI:0.66-0.88, P = 2.94 × 10-4), femur fracture (OR:0.78, 95% CI:0.67-0.91, P = 1.33 × 10-3), lower leg-ankle fracture (OR:0.79, 95% CI:0.70-0.88, P = 2.05 × 10-5), foot fracture (OR:0.78, 95% CI:0.66-0.93, P = 5.92 × 10-3) and wrist-hand fracture (OR:0.83, 95% CI:0.73-0.95, P = 7.15 × 10-3). Further, material deprivation seemed to harm the spine fracture (OR:2.63, 95% CI:1.43-4.85, P = 1.91 × 10-3). A higher level of FN-BMD positively affected increased household income (beta:0.03, 95% CI:0.01-0.04, P = 6.78 × 10-3). All these estimates were adjusted for body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes, smoking initiation, and frequency of alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS: The Mendelian randomization analyses show that higher educational levels is associated with higher eBMD, reduced risk of osteoporosis and fractures, while material deprivation is positively related to spine fracture. Enhanced FN-BMD correlates with increased household income. These findings offer valuable insights into the formulation of health guidelines and policy development.


We conducted stratified analyses to explore the causal links between socio-economic status and osteoporosis and various fractures and observed that education significantly reduced risk of osteoporosis and lower eBMD. It also lowered the risks of fractures of spine, femur, lower leg-ankle, foot, and wrist-hand, while material deprivation exhibited positive associations with spine fracture risk. Bidirectional MR analysis showed that an elevated score of FN-BMD was associated with a higher income level. Our study shows the importance of conducting routine BMD estimations and osteoporosis screening, to enhance knowledge and awareness among individuals to promote bone health and prevent fractures.

6.
Obes Rev ; 25(6): e13740, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38571458

ABSTRACT

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, measuring 40-160 nm in diameter, that are released by many cell types and tissues, including adipose tissue. Exosomes are critical mediators of intercellular communication and their contents are complex and diverse. In recent years, accumulating evidence has proved that multiple adipose tissue-derived exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of diverse metabolic diseases, such as obesity. In this narrative review, we focus on the adipose tissue-derived exosomal ncRNAs, especially exosomal miRNAs, and their dysregulation in multiple types of metabolic diseases. A deeper understanding of the role of adipose tissue-derived exosomal ncRNAs may help provide new diagnostic and treatment methods for metabolic diseases.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue , Exosomes , Metabolic Diseases , RNA, Untranslated , Humans , Exosomes/metabolism , Metabolic Diseases/genetics , Metabolic Diseases/metabolism , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , RNA, Untranslated/genetics , RNA, Untranslated/metabolism , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism , RNA, Long Noncoding/physiology , Animals
7.
Sci Total Environ ; 928: 172459, 2024 Jun 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38615780

ABSTRACT

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) comprise a class of organic pollutants that have garnered considerable attention because of their dioxin-like toxicity (i.e., modulation of genes) and presence in various environments. However, limited information about the identities, occurrence, and distribution of LCMs has highlighted an urgent need for a high-throughput and sensitive analytical method. In this study, we developed and validated a rapid, simple, sensitive method that involves minimal solvent consumption. The method was applied for the simultaneous detection and identification of 78 LCMs in atmospheric total suspended particulate samples (dae < 100 µm) using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results showed high degrees of linearity with correlation coefficients >0.995 in the concentration range of 5.0-500 ng/mL. The instrumental detection limits ranged from 0.7 to 5.3 pg, and the method detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 pg/m3. The accuracy of the method was between 70 % and 130 % for most analytes, and the relative standard deviations of six replicates were <15 % at three levels of spiking (10, 50, and 200 ng/mL). The developed analytical method was applied to analyze real air particulate samples from Beijing, China. Overall, 45 LCMs ranged from 65.5 to 145.7 pg/m3, with a mean concentration of 92.5 pg/m3. Among them, (trans,trans)-4-propyl-4'-ethenyl-1,1'-bicyclohexane (PVB) was the most abundant, with an average concentration of 33.6 pg/m3. The total estimated daily intakes of LCMs for adults and children were 15.6 and 46.6 pg/kg bw/day, respectively. Accordingly, the method described herein is suitable for quantifying LCMs in atmospheric particulate samples. This study will be valuable for investigating LCM environmental occurrence, behaviors, and risk assessments.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Environmental Monitoring , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Liquid Crystals , Air Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Beijing , Particulate Matter/analysis
8.
World J Clin Cases ; 12(4): 729-736, 2024 Feb 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38322673

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, as a non-limiting host infection disease, can be accompanied by serious complications such as organ failure, which seriously threatens patient quality of life. AIM: To investigate the effect of early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients evacuated from mechanical ventilation with sepsis. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with sepsis who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the observation group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 40) according to the random number table method. The observation group was treated with early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and the control group was treated with a conventional treatment regimen. Cardiac function indexes (central venous pressure, cardiac troponin I, B-type brain natriuretic peptide), lung function indicators (diaphragmatic mobility, changes in central venous oxygen saturation, oxygenation index), and quality of life (Quality of Life Evaluation Scale) were compared between the two groups after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the central venous pressure, diaphragm mobility, central venous oxygen saturation, oxygenation index, and Quality of Life Evaluation Scale scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The observation group was less than that of the control group for other parameters, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early stepwise cardiopulmonary rehabilitation can effectively enhance cardiac and pulmonary function and improve the quality of life in patients evacuated from mechanical ventilation with sepsis.

9.
PNAS Nexus ; 3(1): pgae015, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38274119

ABSTRACT

Tea is one of the world's most popular and widely consumed beverages. It is a common pastime to enjoy a cup of tea in the sunshine. However, little attention has been given to understanding the possible photochemical reactions occurring beneath the calm surface of brewed tea. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is widely used in food and beverages, is the most significant active ingredient found in tea. In this study, we investigated the presence of free radicals in both an aqueous EGCG solution and brewed tea under simulated sunlight conditions. To our surprise, we unexpectedly observed the production of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in brewed tea. It was found that sunlight irradiation played a critical role in the formation of •OH, independent of the presence of metal ions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the •OH generated from the EGCG aqueous solution induced cell cytotoxicity and DNA damage in vitro. Considering the crucial role of •OH in various fields, including human health and the environment, it is important to further explore the practical implications of •OH production in brewed tea under sunlight. In summary, our study unveils the unexpected formation of •OH in brewed tea and emphasizes the significance of sunlight-induced reactions. The observed cytotoxic and DNA-damaging effects of •OH emphasize the importance of understanding the potential health consequences associated with tea consumption. Further research in this area will contribute to a better understanding of the broader implications of •OH production in brewed tea under sunlight.

10.
Biomed Rep ; 20(2): 29, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38259584

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant and determined the risk factors for delayed discharge or release from isolation for pediatric patients in Quanzhou, China in 2022. There were 145, 254 and 23 patients in the asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic and moderately symptomatic categories, respectively. The proportion of pediatric patients in the moderately symptomatic category increased with increasing age. No child aged <1 year and 9.02% of patients aged 13-18 years were in the moderately symptomatic category. The proportion of patients with asymptomatic infection did not differ significantly by vaccination status. The median days until the first negative conversion of viral RNA was 11 days, and the median hospitalization duration was 16 days. Most symptoms appeared in the upper respiratory tract. Notably, ~33.23% of patients showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and lymphocyte counts were consistently lower in asymptomatic patients than those in in symptomatic patients. Adjusted logistic regression analyses indicated that IL-6 levels and time to the first negative conversion of viral RNA were independent risk factors for delayed discharge. The area under the curve of the regression model for predicting delayed discharge was 0.760. In conclusion, these results could facilitate the formulation of global epidemic prevention policies for pediatric patients.

11.
Environ Sci Technol ; 58(6): 2704-2715, 2024 Feb 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38286788

ABSTRACT

New mosquito repellent products (NMRPs) are emerging popular repellents among children. There are increasing reports on children's sensitization reactions caused by NMRPs, while regulations on their productions, sales, or usage are still lacking. One of the reasons could be the missing comprehensive risk assessment. We first conducted a nationwide investigation on children's NMRP usage preferences. Then, we high-throughput screened volatile or semivolatile organic chemicals (VOCs/SVOCs) in five representative NMRPs by the headspace gas chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical method. After that, toxic compounds were recognized based on the toxicity forecaster (ToxCast) database. A total of 277 VOCs/SVOCs were recognized, and 70 of them were identified as toxic compounds. In a combination of concentrations, toxicities, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics in the body, 28 chemicals were finally proposed as priority-controlled compounds in NMRPs. Exposure risks of recognized toxic chemicals through NMRPs by inhalation and dermal intake for children across the country were also assessed. Average daily intakes were in the range of 0.20-7.31 mg/kg/day for children in different provinces, and the children in southeastern coastal provinces were found to face higher exposure risks. By controlling the high-priority chemicals, the risks were expected to be reduced by about 46.8% on average. Results of this study are therefore believed to evaluate exposure risks, encourage safe production, and promote reasonable management of NMRPs.


Subject(s)
Insect Repellents , Volatile Organic Compounds , Child , Humans , Risk Assessment , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Volatile Organic Compounds/toxicity
12.
Chemosphere ; 349: 140856, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38048831

ABSTRACT

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) can accumulate in sediment and pose risks to ecological systems and human health. The Haihe River Basin is one of the seven main river basins in China and is mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is densely populated and very urbanized. There is therefore a high probability of CP pollution in the Haihe River Basin. However, CP pollution and the environmental risks posed by CPs in the Haihe River are not well understood. In this study, the concentrations of short-chain CPs (SCCPs) and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) in sediment from six rivers in the Haihe River Basin system were determined using two-dimensional gas chromatography electron-capture negative ionization mass spectrometry. The total SCCP and MCCP concentrations in the sediment samples ranged from 131.83 to 1767.71 and from 89.72 to 1442.82 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The total organic carbon content did not significantly correlate with the CP concentrations. The dominant SCCP congener groups were C10Cl6-7 and the dominant MCCP congener groups were C14Cl7-8. Significant relationships (R = 0.700, p < 0.05) were found between the SCCP and MCCP concentrations, indicating that SCCPs and MCCPs may have similar sources. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that sediment in the study area was contaminated with CPs through the use of the CP-42 and CP-52 commercial products in industrial processes and human activities. The ecological risks posed by CPs were assessed and SCCPs were found to pose high risks in the Yongding New River but moderate risks in the other rivers. MCCPs were found to pose minimal risks to the aquatic environment at most of the sampling points.


Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated , Paraffin , Humans , Paraffin/analysis , Rivers , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , China , Risk Assessment
13.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(1): 773-782, 2024 Jan 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38109498

ABSTRACT

Infant formula is intended as an effective substitute for breast milk but is the main source of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) to nonbreastfed infants. We performed target and nontarget analyses to determine PCNs and identify other organic contaminants in infant formula. The mean PCN concentrations in infant formula, milk powder, and bovine milk were 106.1, 88.8, and 78.2 µg kg-1 of dry weight, respectively. The PCN congener profiles indicated that thermal processes and raw materials were probably the main sources of PCNs in infant formula. A health risk assessment indicated that PCNs in infant formula do not pose health risks to infants. Using gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry, 352, 372, and 161 organic chemicals were identified in the infant formula, milk powder, and bovine milk samples, respectively. Phthalate esters were detected in all four plastic-packed milk powder samples. The results indicated milk becomes more contaminated with organic chemicals during manufacturing, processing, and packaging.


Subject(s)
Infant Formula , Naphthalenes , Infant , Humans , Powders , Naphthalenes/analysis , Infant Formula/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Milk, Human/chemistry , Environmental Monitoring
14.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 22152, 2023 12 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38092887

ABSTRACT

Epidemiological and clinical data of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (BA.2) admitted to three designated hospitals in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China, were collected and analyzed. Overall, 2,541 patients infected with BA.2, comprising 1,060 asymptomatic, 1,287 mild, and 194 moderate infections, were enrolled. The percentage of moderate infections was higher in patients aged ≥ 60 years than in those aged < 18 years and 18-59 years. The median hospitalization duration was 17 days. Among the 2,541 patients, 43.52% had a clear history of close contact. The vaccination rate was 87.92%, and the percentage of asymptomatic infections was higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated patients. Moreover, patients with underlying diseases, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, had more moderate infections than those without underlying diseases. The three most common clinical manifestations were fever, dry cough, and sore throat. The albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio and lymphocyte count decreased in cases with mild and moderate infections, while procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6, D-dimer, and C4 levels increased. Advanced age, non-vaccination, and underlying comorbid diseases were high-risk factors for disease progression in patients. However, dynamic monitoring of blood routine parameters, A/G ratio, and inflammatory indicators facilitated the prediction of disease progression.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , China/epidemiology , Disease Progression
15.
J Hazard Mater ; 460: 132444, 2023 10 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37660621

ABSTRACT

There is concern about the large amounts of aromatic compounds emitted during coking. Previous studies of coking emissions have been focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin-like compounds, phenols, and volatile organic compounds, but previously unidentified compounds produced during coking may also harm human health. Here, the main pollutants in 69 soil samples from an abandoned coking plant were identified by non-target screening using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long-chain alkanes, and thiophenes were dominant. High concentrations of thiophenes (benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, and benzonaphtholthiophenes) were found. Quantitative analysis of 12 thiophenes (selected because of their concentrations and detection frequencies) was performed, and the concentrations were 0.03-647 µg/g dry weight, which were extremely high compared with concentrations in soil from uncontaminated sites and other industrial sites. Dibenzothiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene were dominant, accounting for 69% of the total thiophene concentration. Thiophene profiles in very contaminated areas were different from the profile in coal but similar to the profile in tar. Thiophenes in soil at the coking plant may have been supplied in tar leaks, wastewater, coke oven gases, and exhaust gases. A toxicity assessment indicated a strong likelihood of oxidative stress being induced by exposure to multiple thiophenes at the coking plant. The results suggest that thiophene emissions from coking plants should attract more attention than currently.


Subject(s)
Coke , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Gases , Soil , Thiophenes/toxicity
16.
J Nanobiotechnology ; 21(1): 315, 2023 Sep 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37667298

ABSTRACT

Vascular calcification often occurs in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), which significantly increases the incidence of cardiovascular events in CRF patients. Our previous studies identified the crosstalk between the endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and the paracrine effect of VSMCs, which regulate the calcification of VSMCs. Herein, we aim to investigate the effects of exosomes secreted by high phosphorus (HPi) -induced adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) on the calcification of VSMCs and the underlying mechanism, which will further elucidate the important role of AFs in high phosphorus vascular wall microenvironment. The conditioned medium of HPi-induced AFs promotes the calcification of VSMCs, which is partially abrogated by GW4869, a blocker of exosomes biogenesis or release. Exosomes secreted by high phosphorus-induced AFs (AFsHPi-Exos) show similar effects on VSMCs. miR-21-5p is enriched in AFsHPi-Exos, and miR-21-5p enhances osteoblast-like differentiation of VSMCs by downregulating cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 (Crim1) expression. AFsHPi-Exos and exosomes secreted by AFs with overexpression of miR-21-5p (AFsmiR21M-Exos) significantly accelerate vascular calcification in CRF mice. In general, AFsHPi-Exos promote the calcification of VSMCs and vascular calcification by delivering miR-21-5p to VSMCs and subsequently inhibiting the expression of Crim1. Combined with our previous studies, the present experiment supports the theory of vascular wall microenvironment.


Subject(s)
Exosomes , MicroRNAs , Vascular Calcification , Animals , Mice , Endothelial Cells , Fibroblasts , Phosphorus , MicroRNAs/genetics , Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors
17.
J Invest Surg ; 36(1): 2180115, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37733388

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Our objective is to compare the early outcomes associated with passive (gravity) drainage (PG) and active drainage (AD) after surgery. METHODS: Studies published until April 28, 2022 were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, Web of Science databases. RESULTS: Nine studies with 14,169 patients were identified. Two groups had the same intra-abdominal infection rate (RR: 0.55; P = 0.13); In subgroup analysis of pancreaticoduodenectomy, active drainage had no significant effect on postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) rate (RR: 1.21; P = 0.26) and clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) (RR: 1.05; P = 0.72); Active drainage was not associated with lower percutaneous drainage rate (RR: 1.00; P = 0.96), incidence of sepsis (RR: 1.00; P = 0.99) and overall morbidity (RR: 1.02; P = 0.73). Both groups had the same POPF rate (RR: 1.20; P = 0.18) and CR-POPF rate (RR: 1.20; P = 0.18) after distal pancreatectomy. There was no difference between two groups on the day of drain removal after pancreaticoduodenectomy (Mean difference: -0.16; P = 0.81) and liver surgery (Mean difference: 0.03; P = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Active drainage is not superior to passive drainage and both drainage methods can be considered.


Subject(s)
Abdomen , Pancreas , Humans , Abdomen/surgery , Drainage/adverse effects , Pancreatectomy , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Pancreaticoduodenectomy/adverse effects
19.
Cell Death Dis ; 14(8): 563, 2023 08 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37633993

ABSTRACT

Sensitivity to platinum-based combination chemotherapy is associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, our results obtained from analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus database of NSCLC patients showed that cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) plays a role in the response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Overexpression of CRTAC1 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro, whereas knockdown of CRTAC1 decreased chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells. In vivo mouse experiments showed that CRTAC1 overexpression increased the antitumor effects of cisplatin. CRTAC1 overexpression promoted NFAT transcriptional activation by increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels, thereby inducing its regulated STUB1 mRNA transcription and protein expression, accelerating Akt1 protein degradation and, in turn, enhancing cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the present results indicate that CRTAC1 overexpression increases the chemosensitivity of NSCLC to cisplatin treatment by inducing Ca2+-dependent Akt1 degradation and apoptosis, suggesting the potential of CRTAC1 as a biomarker for predicting cisplatin chemosensitivity. Our results further reveal that modulating the expression of CRTAC1 could be a new strategy for increasing the efficacy of cisplatin in chemotherapy of NSCLC patients.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Animals , Mice , Calcium , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Platinum , Humans
20.
Environ Sci Technol ; 57(36): 13366-13374, 2023 09 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37647541

ABSTRACT

Ultraviolet (UV) filters are emerging contaminants that have been found in high concentrations in human tissues. Food intake is generally considered to be the primary route of human exposure to contaminants. In this study, 184 composite food samples, prepared from 4268 individual samples in eight categories collected from 23 Chinese provinces for the sixth Chinese total diet study, were analyzed. The total and median UV filter concentrations in food samples were 1.5-68.3 and 7.9 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The highest median concentrations were found in decreasing order in meat, cereals, and legumes. In total, 15 UV filters were analyzed. 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate, homosalate, and 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate were dominant and made median contributions of 34.1%, 22.6%, and 14.5%, respectively, and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol contributed the median of 0.03%, of the total UV filter concentrations. The estimated total daily UV filter intake in animal-origin foods and total UV filter concentration in human milk from the same province were significantly correlated (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). Predicted absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination properties led to 10 UV filters being prioritized as most likely to be retained in human tissues. The prioritization results and toxicity assessments indicated that octocrylene and 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate have stronger effects in vivo and therefore require more attention than others.


Subject(s)
Fabaceae , Food , Animals , Humans , Cinnamates , Diet
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