Advancement and properties of circular RNAs in prostate cancer: An emerging and compelling frontier for discovering.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common carcinoma among men worldwide which results in 26% of leading causes of cancer-related death. However, the ideal and effective molecular marker remains elusive. CircRNA, initially observed in plant-infected viruses and Sendai virus in 1979, is generated from pre-mRNA back-splicing and comes in to play by adequate expression. The differential expression in prostate tissues compared with the control reveals the promising capacity in modulating processes including carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological mechanisms of regulatory network in PC needs to systemically concluded. In this review, we enlightened the comprehensive studies on the definite mechanisms of circRNAs affecting tumor progression and metastasis. What's more, we validated the potential clinical application of circRNAs serving as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. The discussion and analysis in circRNAs will broaden our knowledge of the pathogenesis of PC and further optimize the current therapies against different condition.

Diagnosis of severe scrub typhus infection by next-generation sequencing:a case report.

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness, which was caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted through the bite of chiggers. The diagnosis of scrub typhus could be missed diagnosis due to the absence of the pathognomonic eschar. CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old man was hospitalized with fever and kidney injury and was diagnosed of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome first. However, the situation of the illness deteriorated into refractory septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction rapidly,although the treatment of anti-sepsis was used in 3rd-5th day. Orientia tsutsugamushi was determined to be the causative pathogen by Next-generation sequencing of his plasma sample in 6th day. Then, the patient was treated with doxycycline and azithromycin and recovered quickly. CONCLUSIONS: Next-generation sequencing was a new diagnostic technology and could identify scrub typhus in accurately and fast without the pathognomonic eschar.

Dual-Functionalized Fluorescent Cationic Organic Network: Highly Efficient Detection and Removal of Dichromate from Water.

Dichromate is a widespread contaminant in wastewater, threatening the health of humans and other organisms. Therefore, effective detection and removal of dichromate from water is of great significance. Herein, a tetraphenylethylene functionalized cationic organic network (CON-LDU2) was constructed via a facile quaternization reaction. CON-LDU2 was successfully integrated with both detection and removal functionalities toward dichromate. On the one hand, benefiting from the strong fluorescence, CON-LDU2 was employed as a chemosensor, it could efficiently and selectively probe Cr2O72- in water with "turn-off" fluorescent response. On the other hand, the cationic skeleton and free anions inside framework make CON-LDU2 an excellent adsorbent for Cr2O72-, it could capture Cr2O72- from water with rapid kinetics and high capacity. The kinetic constant for adsorption of Cr2O72- can reach up to 1.784 g mg-1 min-1, while the capacity is determined as 325 mg g-1. Furthermore, CON-LDU2 displayed good recyclability and can be reused for at least 5 cycles. Therefore, CON-LDU2 can serve as an ideal candidate not only in detection but also in removal of Cr2O72- in water medium.

Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis.

Five new polyhydroxylated furostanol saponins were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis, and their structures were determined as tupistrosides J-N (1-5), together with four known furostanol saponins (6-9), on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. Among them, compounds 3 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines SW620 with IC50 values of 72.5 ± 2.4 and 77.3 ± 2.5 µmol·L-1, respectively. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity against human cancer cell line HepG2 with IC50 value of 88.6 ± 2.1 µmol·L-1.

Nitrogen isotope variations of ammonium across rain events: Implications for different scavenging between ammonia and particulate ammonium.

Enhanced ammonia (NH3) emissions and deposition caused negative effects on air quality and ecosystems. Precipitation is an efficient pathway to remove NH3 and particulate ammonium (p-NH4+) from the atmosphere into ecosystems. However, precipitation scavenging of p-NH4+ in chemical transport models has often considered fine p-NH4+, with inadequate constraints on NH3 and coarse p-NH4+. Based on distinct δ15N values between NH3 and NH4+ in PM2.5 (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 µm) or TSP (total suspended particulates), this paper interpreted intra-event variations of precipitation NH4+ concentrations and δ15N values (δ15N-NH4+ values) at Guiyang (Xiao et al., 2015). Generally decreased NH4+ concentrations across rain events reflected decreasing scavenging of NH3 and p-NH4+. Using a Bayesian isotope mixing model, we found that differing contributions between 15N-depleted NH3 and 15N-enriched p-NH4+ were responsible for the three-stage variations of intra-event δ15N-NH4+ values. The decreases of δ15N-NH4+ values across the first and third stages indicated more decreases in scavenging p-NH4+ than NH3, while the increases of δ15N-NH4+ values across the second stage were resulted primarily from more increases in scavenging p-NH4+ (particularly fine p-NH4+) than NH3. These results stressed influences of differing scavenging between NH3 and p-NH4+ on precipitation δ15N-NH4+ values, which should be considered in modeling precipitation scavenging of atmospheric p-NH4+.

Formation of tungsten oxide nanowires by ion irradiation and vacuum annealing.

Here we reported the fabrication of tungsten oxide (WO3-x ) nanowires by Ar+ ion irradiation of WO3 thin films followed by annealing in vacuum. The nanowire length increases with increasing irradiation fluence and with decreasing ion energy. We propose that the stress-driven diffusion of the irradiation-induced W interstitial atoms is responsible for the formation of the nanowires. Comparing to the pristine film, the fabricated nanowire film shows a 106-fold enhancement in electrical conductivity, resulting from the high-density irradiation-induced vacancies on the oxygen sublattice. The nanostructure exhibits largely enhanced surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect due to the oxygen vacancy. Thus, ion irradiation provides a powerful approach for fabricating and tailoring the surface nanostructures of semiconductors.

Serum S100A12 and 30-day mortality after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: S100A12 is implicated in inflammatory reactions. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between serum S100A12 concentrations and 30-day mortality in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: We prospectively included 182 healthy controls and 182 ICH patients within 24h after stroke onset. Serum samples were collected for the measurement of S100A12 concentrations. Multivariable analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between serum S100A12 concentrations and mortality of ICH patients within 30days. RESULTS: Serum S100A12 concentrations were significantly increased compared to control subjects. S100A12 concentrations were positively correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, ICH volume, blood glucose concentrations, blood white blood cell count and plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. 36 (19.8%) patients were deceased within 30days after stroke onset. Non-survivors had significantly higher concentrations of serum S100A12 than survivors. Additionally, Serum S100A12 concentrations significantly discriminated patients at risk of 30-day mortality and its predictive value was equivalent to those of NIHSS score and hematoma volume. Moreover, higher serum S100A12 concentrations showed a significantly higher risk for 30-day mortality and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Higher S100A12 concentrations are positively associated with inflammation, hemorrhagic severity and short-term mortality among ICH patients, indicating S100A12 may represent a biomarker for predicting poor outcome after hemorrhagic stroke.

Inter-species and intra-annual variations of moss nitrogen utilization: Implications for nitrogen deposition assessment.

Moss nitrogen (N) concentrations and natural 15N abundance (δ15N values) have been widely employed to evaluate annual levels and major sources of atmospheric N deposition. However, different moss species and one-off sampling were often used among extant studies, it remains unclear whether moss N parameters differ with species and different samplings, which prevented more accurate assessment of N deposition via moss survey. Here concentrations, isotopic ratios of bulk carbon (C) and bulk N in natural epilithic mosses (Bryum argenteum, Eurohypnum leptothallum, Haplocladium microphyllum and Hypnum plumaeforme) were measured monthly from August 2006 to August 2007 at Guiyang, SW China. The H. plumaeforme had significantly (P < 0.05) lower bulk N concentrations and higher δ13C values than other species. Moss N concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in warmer months than in cooler months, while moss δ13C values exhibited an opposite pattern. The variance component analyses showed that different species contributed more variations of moss N concentrations and δ13C values than different samplings. Differently, δ15N values did not differ significantly between moss species, and its variance mainly reflected variations of assimilated N sources, with ammonium as the dominant contributor. These results unambiguously reveal the influence of inter-species and intra-annual variations of moss N utilization on N deposition assessment.

Stable isotope analyses of precipitation nitrogen sources in Guiyang, southwestern China.

To constrain sources of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is critical for effective reduction of reactive N emissions and better evaluation of N deposition effects. This study measured δ15N signatures of nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) and total dissolved N (TDN) in precipitation at Guiyang, southwestern China and estimated contributions of dominant N sources using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. For NO3-, the contribution of non-fossil N oxides (NOx, mainly from biomass burning (24 ± 12%) and microbial N cycle (26 ± 5%)) equals that of fossil NOx, to which vehicle exhausts (31 ± 19%) contributed more than coal combustion (19 ± 9%). For NH4+, ammonia (NH3) from volatilization sources (mainly animal wastes (22 ± 12%) and fertilizers (22 ± 10%)) contributed less than NH3 from combustion sources (mainly biomass burning (17 ± 8%), vehicle exhausts (19 ± 11%) and coal combustions (19 ± 12%)). Dissolved organic N (DON) accounted for 41% in precipitation TDN deposition during the study period. Precipitation DON had higher δ15N values in cooler months (13.1‰) than in warmer months (-7.0‰), indicating the dominance of primary and secondary ON sources, respectively. These results newly underscored the importance of non-fossil NOx, fossil NH3 and organic N in precipitation N inputs of urban environments.

Prognostic value of serum thioredoxin concentrations after intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Thioredoxin (TRX) is a potent anti-oxidant and its circulating concentration is increased in some critical illnesses. We measured the serum TRX concentrations and further investigated the relationship between serum TRX concentrations and hemorrhagic severity and outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: A total of 218 ICH patients and 218 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective, observatory study. Serum TRX concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hemorrhagic severity was assessed with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and hematoma volume. Clinical endpoint was 6-month mortality. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the patients had elevation of serum TRX concentrations (24.4±11.5 ng/ml vs. 8.4±3.3 ng/ml, P<0.001). Serum TRX concentrations were highly related to NIHSS score (r=0.532, P<0.001) and hematoma volume (r=0.486, P<0.001). Serum TRX concentrations higher than 29.6 ng/ml was an independent predictor of 6-month mortality (odds ratio, 3.978; 95% confidence interval, 1.486-10.649) and 6-month overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.511; 95% confidence interval, 1.827-6.746). TRX concentrations improved the predictive value of NIHSS score and hematoma volume for 6-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum TRX concentration, related closely to hemorrhagic severity and long-term mortality, has the potential to be a novel prognostic predictive biomarker after ICH.

Diterpenoids from Acanthopanax brachypus Harms.

Four diterpenoids, including two new ones, namely noracanthopanin A (1) and acanthopanolide B (2), and two known ones, ent-pimara-9(11),15-dien-19-oic acid (3) and ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (4), were isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus Harms. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against HO-8910 cells with IC50 values of 65.21±0.23 and 31.43±1.01 µg/ml, respectively, and 2 showed selective weak cytotoxicity against SMMC-7721 cells (IC50 89.67±2.54 µg/ml).

Constituents of the root of Anemone tomentosa.

A new diterpene glycoside, tomentoside I (1), along with eleven known compounds, including the four coumarins, 4,5-dimethoxyl-7-methylcoumarin (2), 4,7-dimethoxyl-5-methylcoumarin (3), isofraxidin (4) and fraxidin (5) as well as the seven triterpenoids, oleanolic acid (6), oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (7), oleanolic acid 3-O-ß-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (8), hederagenin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (9), betulinic acid (10), 18-hydroxyursolic acid (11) and 2α,3ß,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (12) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the root of Anemone tomentosa and their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1-12 were measured using the agar disc-diffusion method. Also, their antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were evaluated.

[The differences between adipose tissue derived stem cells and lipoma mesenchymal stem cells in characteristics].

OBJECTIVE: To compared the biological characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells and lipoma-derived mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) in vitro, so as to assess the safety of adipose-derived stem cells( ASCs) for transplantation. METHODS: Regular slice and stain of adipose and lipoma tissue were performed. ASCs and LMSCs were isolation from the two tissues by enzymatic digestion, and the appearance of the cultured cells was observed. The cell viability was evaluated with MTS chromatometry and cell growth curve was generated. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle analysis and the expression of the cell surface marker profiles. QRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of tumor-specific gene (the high-mobility group AT-hook 2, HMGA2), and immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of telomerase. RESULTS: Marked difference was observed in histologic sections of adipose tissue and lipoma tissue. ASCs showed a good consistent in cell morphology while LMSCs not. ASCs showed a significant lower proliferation capacity than LMSCs by MTS chromatometry (P = 0.000). The expression of CD29, CD44, CD105 was similar in ASCs and LMSCs, while the level of CD133 was significantly lower in ASCs (5.35%) than in LMSCs (26.87%). The expression of HMGA2 was lower in ASCs (RQ = 1) than in LMSCs (RQ = 1.79) by qRT-PCR, it has statistically difference between them (P < 0.01); And in ASCs and LMSCs, the integrated optical intensity (IA) values of hTERT expression are 1379.597 +/- 498.617 and 3 328.108 +/- 902.856, size (area) are 132,390.27 +/- 35,568.945 and 238,000.53 +/- 49,264.289, density (mean) are 0.009 +/- 0.003 and 0.014 +/- 0.003, revealed the expression of hTERT also shown a significant lower level in ASCs than in LMSCs by immunocytochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: It indicates significant difference between ASCs and LMSCs in the biological characteristics in vitro. There is no evidence of malignant transformation of ASCs.

Triterpenoid saponins from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus HARMS.

Two new triterpenoid saponins, brachyposide A (1) {3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2beta,3beta,16alpha,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ester} and brachyposide B (2) {3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2beta,3beta,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester}, together with four known triterpenoid saponins, including tabguticoside A, nipponoside D, palmatoside E and ciwujianoside A(1), were isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax brachypus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

[Influence of polyester gauze on evaporation capacity and healing of the surface of microskin graft wound after escharectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of polyester gauze on evaporation capacity and its clinical effect after escharectomy of deep burn wound and micro-skin grafting. METHODS: Twenty patients with deep burn admitted within 24 hours after injury underwent escharectomy and Meek skin grafting. Two surfaces of wound with the area of about 1% as the whole wound surface were used, one covered by Meek skin graft and polyester gauze as inner dressing (polyester gauze group), and the other covered by split-thickness skin sheet 0.3 mm x 0.3 mm in size and vaseline oil gauze as inner dressing (vaseline oil gauze group). Five days after skin grafting, the evaporation capacities of the surface of inner dressing, wound surface without dressing (nude wound), and normal skin near the wound were tested by evaporation test equipment. The complete healing time and survival rate of skin sheet in both groups were observed. The degree of pain during dressing change was evaluated with visual analog scale. RESULTS: The evaporation capacity of the inner dressing surface of polyester gauze group was (24.8 +/- 5.2) ml x h(-1) x m(-2), significantly lower than those of the vaseline oil gauze group [(35.4 +/- 5.0) ml x h(-1) x m(-2), P < 0.01] and nude wound [(41.3 +/- 4.5) ml x h(-1) x m(-2), P < 0.01], and similar to that of the normal skin near the wound [(21.1 +/- 5.1) ml x h(-1) x m(-2), P > 0.05]. The evaporation capacity of the inner dressing surface of vaseline oil gauze group was significantly lower than nude wound [(40.7 +/- 3.6) ml x h(-1) x m(-2), P < 0.01], but significantly higher than the normal skin near the wound [(21.2 +/- 3.8) ml x h(-1) x m(-2), P < 0.01]. The survival rate of skin sheets of the polyester gauze group was 98% +/- 3%, not significantly different from that of the vaseline oil gauze group (98% +/- 2% , P > 0.05). The wound healing rates on days 10, 15, and 20 of the polyester gauze group were 80% +/- 20%, 96% +/- 7%, and 100% respectively, all significantly higher than those of the vaseline oil gauze group (70% +/- 33%, 81% +/- 21%, and 97% +/- 11% respectively, all P < 0.01). The complete healing time of the polyester gauze group was (13.6 +/- 1.9) days, significantly shorter than that of the vaseline oil gauze group [(16.7 +/- 2.6) days, P < 0.01]. The pain scores during dressing change 5 and 10 days after grafting of the polyester gauze group were (3.2 +/- 0.8) and (4.9 +/- 0.4) respectively, both significantly lower than those of the vaseline oil gauze group [(5.1 +/- 0.6) and (8.2 +/- 0.5) respectively, both P < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS: Polyester gauze has quite good abilities to retain moisture and can promote the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells, relieves the pain caused by tearing of dressings off the wound, thus raising its acceptability. It is a relatively ideal carrier of skin grafting, as well as a new type of inner cover for the wound.

[Study on chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Acanthopanax brachypus].

OBJECTIVE: The chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Acanthopanax brachypus were studied. METHODS: The essential oil was extracted from the stem of A. brachypus by steam distillation, and its antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro. The chemical constituents were separated and identified by GC-MS, and the relative contents of each constituent was determined by area normalization. RESULTS: The essential oil showed some certain antibacterial activities against the tested strains escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida albicans except aspergillus niger. Forty-seven constituents were separated and identified, accounting for 91.37% of the total oil. The main constituent were Heptanoic acid (7.05%), Vanillin (6.09%), trans-Linalool oxide (6.07%), 1-methyl-2-(-methylethyl)-Benaene (5.83%), alpha-Phellandrene (5.14%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (5.15%) and beta-Myrcene (5.07%). CONCLUSION: The essential oil of A. brachypus contained varied active constituent, has a certain antimicrobial activity, this result will provide some scientific references for the pharmacological further research of A. brachypus.

[Expressions of MMP-2 and COX-2 mRNA in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and their correlation].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the levels of MMP-2 and COX-2 mRNA in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues and explore their relationship. METHODS: We enrolled in this study 42 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, including Ta-T1 (n = 18), T2-T4 (n = 24), G1 (n = 12), G2 (n = 19), G3 (n = 11), metastasis (n =26) and non-metastasis (n = 16). Another 5 cases of normal bladder tissues were taken as controls, and the levels of MMP-2 and COX-2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The relative expressions of COX-2 mRNA were 1.038 +/- 0. 484 in Ta-T1, 1.489 +/- 0.584 in T2-T4, 0.920 +/- 0.442 in G1, 1.338 +/- 0.584 in G2 and 1.632 +/- 0.515 in G3, all significantly higher than that of the controls (0.460 +/- 0.224, P < 0.05). And the corresponding relative levels of MMP-2 mRNA were 1.107 +/- 0.384, 1.604 +/- 0.425, 0.971 +/- 0.370, 1.445 +/- 0.378 and 1.755 +/- 0.387, also significantly higher than that of the latter group (0.423 +/- 0.227, P < 0.05). The COX-2 and MMP-2 mRNA levels in the tumor tissues with and without metastasis were 1.591 +/- 0.455 vs 0.815 +/- 0.430 and 1.676 +/- 0.339 vs 0.927 +/- 0.228, (P < 0.01), respectively, with a positive correlation between the mRNA level of COX-2 and that of MMP-2 (r = 0. 703, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: MMP-2 and COX-2 mRNA are highly expressed in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues and their expressions are positively correlated with the degree of malignancy. MMP-2 and COX-2 might play a synergetic role in the pathogenesis and progression of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Study on the interactions of kaempferol and quercetin with intravenous immunoglobulin by fluorescence quenching, fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy.

The interactions of kaempferol and quercetin with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were studied in vitro by spectroscopic methods including fluorescence spectra, Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The binding parameters for the reactions calculated according to the Sips equation suggested that the bindings of IVIG to kaempferol and quercetin were characterized by two binding sites with the average affinity constants K(o) at 1.032 x 10(4) M(-1) and 1.849 x 10(4) M(-1), respectively. The binding of IVIG with quercetin is stronger than that of IVIG with kaempferol. They were of non-specific and weak drug-protein interactions. Docking was used to calculate the interaction modes between kaempferol and quercetin with IVIG. The secondary structural compositions of free IVIG and its kaempferol, quercetin complexes were calculated by the FT-IR difference spectra, self-deconvolution, second derivative resolution enhancement and the curve-fitting procedures of amide I band respectively, which are in good agreement with the analyses of CD spectra. The effect of 3'-OH substituent in quercetin is distinct between the interactions of IVIG with kaempferol and quercetin for the secondary structure of the protein. The observed spectral changes indicate a partial unfolding of the protein structure, but the typical beta structural conformation of IVIG is still retentive in the presence of both drugs in aqueous solution. The average binding distances between the chromophores of IVIG with kaempferol (4.30 nm) and quercetin (4.35 nm) were obtained on the basis of the theory of Förster energy transfer. IVIG can serve as transport protein (carrier) for kaempferol and quercetin.

Intradural lysis and peripheral nerve implantation for traumatic obsolete incomplete paralysis.

Twenty-eight patients who suffered traumatic obsolete incomplete paralysis were treated with intradural lysis and peripheral nerve implantation by a microsurgery technique. The endorachis was opened and the fibrous bands adhering to the spinal cord from the arachnoid, pia mater spinalis, ligamenta denticulatum, and the initial part of the nerve root were completely relieved. The abnormal spinal cord was then opened by three to six incisions, which were each 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm deep and longer than the abnormal portion. A cyst found in the back or side of the spinal cord was opened and the liquid in it was drained. After that, the denuded spineurium and perineurium of the autogenous sural nerve were grafted, which makes the character and aspect of the nerve like the cauda equine. The nerve was longitudinally implanted into the incised spinal cord, and the cyst was waded with grafted nerve and at least one of them is ectropion sutured with the pia mater with 9-0 scatheless wire as a drain. Finally, the endorachis was covered by sacrospinal muscle flap. These patients were followed for 2 years to 8 years (average 3.5 years), and the sensibility and motion of each increased at least one grade. The strength of the main muscle was increased two grades and reached four grades in 11 patients, and the capability to walk was recovered. Relieving of the adhesion in the endorhachis, carving the cicatricial spinal cord, and implanting the autogenous peripheral nerve yields good results by initial clinical observation for traumatic obsolete and incomplete paralysis.

[Studies on phenolic compounds from Polygonum aviculane].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Polygomun aviculane. METHOD: The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative silica thin layer chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis (IR, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR). RESULT: Seven phenolic compounds were identified as rosmarinic acid (1), gallic acid (2), gentisic acid 5-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), caffeic acid (4), p-coumaric acid (5), ethyl caffeate (6) and acteoside (7), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1, 3, 6 and 7 were isolated from this plant for the first time. These results provided theoretical evidences for the further bioactive investigation on this plant.