Association of CYP19A1 single-nucleotide polymorphism with digit ratio (2D:4D) in a sample of men and women from Ningxia (China).

OBJECTIVES: 2D:4D is an anthropometric indicator that may reflect the level of intrauterine sexual hormone exposure before birth. The aromatase gene (CYP19A1) mainly encodes cytochrome P450 aromatase, a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in vivo and affects the development of 2D:4D. Studying the association between six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP19A1 and digit ratios in the normal population of China will provide some basis for the biological basis of digit ratio development and promote the practical application of digit ratios. METHODS: In this study, six SNPs (rs10046, rs2414095, rs4646, rs4775936, rs749292 and rs936306) in CYP19A1 were tested in 1949 students (692 males and 1247 females) by TaqMan SNP genotyping in Ningxia, China. The digit ratios (right and left 2D:4D and right-left 2D:4D [Dr-l]) of all participants were collected using a photographic record. RESULTS: The frequencies of the genotypes rs2414095 (P < 0.05), rs10046 (P < 0.01) and rs4775936 (P < 0.05) in the CYP19A1 gene and their allele frequencies were significantly different between the Hui and Han populations, and the frequency of the rs2414095 genotype (P < 0.05) was significantly different between males and females in Ningxia, China. There was a sex difference in right and left 2D:4D and in Dr-l. There was no significant association between the six SNPs of the CYP19A1 gene and right and left 2D:4D, although rs4775936 showed a lower 2D:4D ratio in allele T than in allele C, in both male and female subjects. For Dr-l we found that rs4775936 associated with increased Dr-l in females (t787 = -2.441, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found the different frequencies of rs10046, rs2414095 and rs4775936 between Hui and Han populations in China. There was an association between rs4775936 and Dr-l. We discuss the implications of this association for links between Dr-l and rs4775936 and prenatal sex steroids and for susceptibility to breast cancer.

Associations between androgen receptor CAG & GGN repeat polymorphism & recurrent spontaneous abortions in Chinese women.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a reproductive problem that occurs in women in reproductive age with a frequency of 1-3 per cent. Previous studies have reported high levels of serum androgens to be associated with RSAs. At the molecular level, the effect of androgens is mediated through the activation of the androgen receptor (AR). The CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms of the AR gene are associated with the AR activity. We hypothesize that the AR CAG/GGN repeat polymorphism may be associated with levels of serum androgens. Thus, this study as undertaken to evaluate the relationship between CAG/GGN repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene in women with RSAs. METHODS: This case-control study was performed in Ningxia, PR China, including 149 women with RSAs and 210 controls. The CAG and GGN repeats of the AR gene were genotyped using a PCR-based assay and were analyzed using Peak Scanner Software v1.0 to determine the CAG/GGN repeat length. RESULTS: CAG repeats ranged from 15 to 29 in the RSA patients, compared to 14 to 35 in the control group. The median value of CAG repeats was 22 for the RSA group and 24 for control group. The total AR CAG alleles (≤22 repeats), shorter AR CAG alleles (≤22 repeats), and biallelic means (≤22.5 repeats) were significantly different in the RSA group in comparison to the control group ( P <0.001, P <0.01). The median value of the GGN repeats was 23 for the cases and 22 for controls. The total number of AR GGN alleles (≤23 repeats) was significantly different in the RSA group compared to the control group ( P <0.5). There was no difference between the RSA group and the control groups in regards to shorter alleles, longer alleles, and biallelic means. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our observation suggests that the CAG and GGN repeat length is shorter in women with RSAs as compared with controls and that shorter CAG and GGN repeats may be pathogenic for RSAs in Chinese women. Further studies need to be done in different ethnic populations.

Polymorphisms of (CAG)n and(GGN)n repeats of androgen receptor gene among ethnic Hui and Han Chinese from Ningxia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the distribution of (CAG)n and (GGN)n repeats polymorphisms of androgen receptor (AR) gene between Hui and Han ethnic Chinese from Ningxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genotypes of above repeats were determined with DNA sequencing method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distribution of (GGN)n repeats was significantly different between the two ethnic groups (P< 0.01), though no such difference was detected with (CAG)n repeats (P> 0.05). Particularly, Han Chinese women carrying 23 GGN repeats were significantly fewer (48.4%) than Hui women (64.7%, P=0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The distribution of GGN repeat is significantly differently among Hui and Han Chinese ethnics from Ningxia.</p>

SNP 45(T/G) of adiponectin gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the relation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)45T/G the adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes of Han nationality in Ningxia.Methods PCR-RFLP method was used to identify the distribution of alleles and genotypes frequencies of SNP45T/G polymorphisms in adiponectin gene in 100 type 2 diabetic patients and 101 normal subjects.Results The distribution of genotypes and alleles frequencies of the SNP45 polymorphisms were significantly different (GG genotype:13% vs 3%,P

Discussion on Laboratory Teaching of Foreign Students in Medical Cell Biology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To improve teaching quality of laboratory teaching in medical cell biology on foreign students.Methods:To improve teaching language,teaching material,teaching methods and so on.Results:We got significant improvement on laboratory teaching of foreign students in medical cell biology.Conclusion:In order to improve teaching quality of laboratory teaching in medical cell biology on foreign students,we should improve on many different ways and accumulate experiences for future teaching.