ABSTRACT
We studied human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution among women in the Henan Province to provide epidemiological data as a means of preventing cervical cancer and developing a vaccine. A total of 14,873 samples were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction reverse dot-blot. The overall HPV-positive rate in the sample was 23.98% (3566/14873), of which 69.01% (2461/3566) were infected with high-risk HPV types and 17.33% (618/3566) with low-risk types. Eighteen high-risk HPV types were detected; HPV 16 (16.73%) was the most common, followed by 58 (10.17%), 52 (9.11%), 56 (6.48%), 66 (5.76%), 33 (4.74%), 68 (3.92%), 31 (3.60%), 53 (3.13%), 59 (3.00%), 35 (2.53%), 51 (2.00%), 73 (1.08%), 45 (0.94%), 83 (0.84%), 39 (0.69%), 18 (0.61%), and MM4 (0.04%). Four low-risk HPV types were detected; HPV 43 (11.34%) was the most common, followed by 6 (5.17%), 42 (4.76%), and 11 (3.35%). Type 44 was not detected. Among the women positive for HPV, 71.17% (2538/3566) had a single type of infection; of these, 54.66% (1949/3566) had high-risk and 16.52% (589/3566) had low-risk infections. A total of 28.83% (1028/3566) had multiple HPV infections, of which 20.11% (717/3566) had double HPV infections. One peak in HPV prevalence occurred among women younger than age 25; a second peak occurred among women older than age 55. The overall prevalence of HPV infection in the Henan Province was 23.98%, of which the most common type was high-risk HPV and a single type of infection. The leading genotypes were HPV 16, 43, 58, 52, and 56.
Subject(s)
Human papillomavirus 16/classification , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Cervix Uteri/virology , China , DNA, Viral/genetics , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Female , Genotype , Human papillomavirus 16/isolation & purification , Human papillomavirus 16/pathogenicity , Humans , Middle Aged , Papillomavirus Infections/genetics , Prevalence , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathologyABSTRACT
Chinese NiTi wire was studied on the bench with six other nickel-titanium-alloy wires. Bending and torsional tests were conducted and temperatures of phase transformation compared. The Chinese NiTi wire was found to have a low stiffness, high springback and constant bending and torsional moments on unloading, in a very large deformation region. It can produce a gentle, nearly constant force. These factors make it desirable for clinical application. Included in this paper are clinical observations of case selected from over 100 patients in current treatment with Chinese NiTi wires. Chinese NiTi wire reduced the leveling and alignment phase of treatment without discomfort to the patient. Chinese NiTi wire can be used in both children and adults.
