ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on cognition function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vascular dementia (VD) mice. METHOD: VD mice model was established by left unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (LUCCAO). Following LUCCAO, AST was intragastrically administered for 30 days. Object recognition test and morris water maze test were used to evaluate cognitive function. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe the hippocampal neuron structure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and bicinchoninic acid kit were respectively adopted to measure IL-1ß and IL-4 protein expression and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS: AST improved the discrimination ability of VD mice. The escape latency and path length of VD mice treated with AST were dramatically reduced. Besides, AST 200 mg/kg enhanced crossing platform time and the number of times crossing the platform quadrant, and alleviated the morphological impairment in VD mice. Moreover, we found that AST inhibited IL-1ß expression and MDA content, whereas promoted IL-4 expression and SOD activity in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: AST could improve cognitive impairment and hippocampal neurons in VD mice, which may be related to suppression of inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/prevention & control , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Dementia, Vascular/drug therapy , Dementia, Vascular/psychology , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Animals , Dementia, Vascular/pathology , Discrimination, Psychological/drug effects , Hippocampus/pathology , Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis , Interleukin-1beta/genetics , Interleukin-4/biosynthesis , Interleukin-4/genetics , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Morris Water Maze Test , Prefrontal Cortex/pathology , Psychomotor Performance/drug effects , Recognition, Psychology , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Xanthophylls/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to summarize the previously published literature on the role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library to identify eligible studies to review. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 28 studies comprising 15,617 patients with gastric cancer were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that elevated PLR was associated with poor OS (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.24-1.51; P < 0.001). A significant publication bias was observed (Egger test, P = 0.036; Begg test, P = 0.017). After adjusting for publication bias using the trim and fill method, an adjusted pooled HR of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08-1.33; P = 0.001) was observed. Subgroup analyses indicated an elevated PLR in retrospective studies. Studies conducted in Turkey, the UK, the USA, and Costa Rica; studies with a sample size of < 1000, with < 70% male patients, and with patients treated with chemotherapy; studies with PLR cutoff value of ≥200; and studies with lower quality as determined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale all showed greater harmful effects on OS than their corresponding subsets (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An elevated PLR was associated with poor OS in patients with gastric cancer. These results might differ between studies due to differences in design, country of origin, sample size, sex proportion, treatment strategy, PLR cutoff value, and study quality.
Subject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms , Humans , Lymphocyte Count , Platelet Count , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Publication Bias , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis summarized the prognostic role of an elevated platelet count before treatment on survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library electronic databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of pretreatment thrombocytosis on survival from the database inceptions to December 2018. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS: Nineteen retrospective studies that recruited 6521 patients with cervical cancer were eligible for this study. The summary results indicated that an elevated platelet count was significantly associated with a poor OS (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.19-1.88; P = 0.001), PFS (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.07-1.64; P = 0.010), and RFS (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.20-2.28; P = 0.002). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the pooled PFS was variable after sequential exclusion of individual studies. The predictive value of pretreatment thrombocytosis on OS differed according to the publication year (P = 0.039), country (P = 0.013), and sample size (P = 0.029), and the role of pretreatment thrombocytosis on PFS could be affected by the study quality (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that an elevated platelet count before treatment was associated with poor OS, PFS, and RFS. These results require further verification in large-scale prospective studies.
